فهرست مطالب اعظم صفر آبادی

Although cultural policies are often set by governments, a large number of other institutions and social organizations are also involved in policy-making, and cultural policies can have a direct impact on many aspects of people's lives. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the role of cultural policies of Shiraz Municipality in crime prevention and the role of cultural policies in the form of (development of cultural spaces, holding cultural events and festivals, environmental culture, development of cultural research and dissemination of cultural lifestyle) in Crime prevention (moral and sexual crimes, economic and financial crimes, environmental crimes and cyber crimes) has been done by descriptive-analytical method based on the use of a questionnaire. The statistical population is 384 citizens aged 15 to 60 years in Shiraz and in order to analyze the studied variables, SPSS and Amos Graphics software and statistical methods such as comparison of means and regression analysis have been used. According to the results and information obtained from testing hypotheses, estimates and structural equation modeling, the effect of municipal cultural policy variables in preventing all kinds of crimes with a coefficient (0.72) has been direct and significant and due to the strength of this effect can be claimed Crime prevention is strongly influenced by the cultural policies of the municipality and it is suggested that the municipalities have a more significant presence in the direction of cultural policy along with the anti-crime institutions.

urban development and complexities of environmental issues have made the existence of resorts and their expansion inevitable. Sustainable urban development has been the source of many movements of the return to nature. This return, in terms of tourism, can contribute to developing and stabilizing the areas. Developing tourism axes surrounding towns and villages is one of the ways to recover social and economic spaces in terms of ecotourism and tourism areas. Also, in the process of urbanization in the world, the forgotten relationship between human and nature can be established; Nowadays, work pressure, physical fatigue, skin infections, etc., threaten human health and people have turned to health tourism to maintain, improve and gain back their mental and physical health. Therapeutic waters and hot springs have the capacity to attract and develop tourism in all seasons of the year. Most hot springs are located in rural areas and around cities, so they are important as a destination for health tourism. Hormozgan province with its climatic and geographical conditions and having numerous hot springs, has the merit to be considered as a special zone for health tourism. The purpose of this research is to plan urban tourist resorts and to find out the factors affecting the attraction of tourists to Todlooyeh Hot Spring. The population includes the tourism authorities of the city of Bastak. The sample size is of 35 is determined using the Delphi method. Using Praloong method, comparison is made between the tourism shifter and efficiency shifter in terms of and tourism value. The result of comparison indicates that value of 0.73for beauty shifter, 0.89 for scientific shifter 0.43 for cultural one, and economical shifter achieved0.59. the findings show in spite of the high values for beauty and scientific shifters, economy does not show a considerable score, so the natural, recreational, and medical capabilities of Todlooyeh Hot Spring are not used appropriately to attract tourists and increase revenue. The evaluation of the productivity and quality of spa resorts with a score of 0.21 and 0.11 Todlooyeh is indicative of the weak conditions of tourism infrastructure of the area.

Development is a multidimensional process that requires fundamental changes in social, economic and cultural structures of a society and it essentially reflects the movement of social system complex, along with fundamental diverse needs and desires of individuals and social groups, from undesirable to desirable material and spiritual status. Land use planning is the best geographical distribution activities according to the natural and human resources. Tourism is the engine of growth and development, especially in developing countries, and it is often regarded as a means to economic development in the regions. The balance between the benefits of tourism would specify the directions of tourist activity development and is one of the factors of tourism sustainability. Regional tourism development has always been affected by the local capabilities. So, to achieve sustainable tourism, in communities interested in tourism development, assessment of environmental capabilities on the one hand and selection of the appropriate type of tourism is of particular importance in spatial planning. This study aims to evaluate the role of planning of rural tourism and ecotourism attractions in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad province. The lack of ranking and scientific and systematic attitude in determining the spatial position of rural tourism attractions tourist facilities and equipment and therefore inappropriate distribution of tourism facilities and equipment are among the fundamental problems evident in studies and plans for tourism development at the national, regional and local level. This fact is more tangible in rural tourism of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province despite having potential capabilities in the development of rural tourism and ecotourism.

Public urban space is a dish containing traffic, social movements, daily routine activities and social scenes where collaborative actions like resting, social interactions, and news inquiry and delivery happens and a public life is shaped. Citizens live most of their lives in public urban spaces. Therefore, analysis of the influence of this environment on the various aspects of their lives is of paramount importance. This study is conducted to investigate and evaluate the quality of the health of urban spaces, specifically the sidewalks, based on five main criteria of physical, social, mental, environmental and spiritual health and 22 more sub-critera,utilizing an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology in the selected axes of Zand, Molla Sadra and Jomhouri Eslami streets which are among the important and heavily-travelled roads of the city of Shiraz. Considering the criteria under study, the results revealed that: In Zand street, spiritual health with a weight of 0.779 has obtained the highest score, while physical health with a weight of 0.075, the lowest score. In Jomhouri Eslami street, physical health with a weight of 0.685 has obtained the highest score, while spiritual health with a weight of 0.103 the lowest score. In Molla Sadra street, social health with a weight of 0.66 has obtained the highest score, while environmental health with a weight of 0.115 the lowest score. Taking all the scores into account, Molla Sadra street with a score of 0.445, Jomhouri Eslami street with a score of 0.369, and Zand street with a score of 0.326 are in the first, second and third places respectively.

Informal settlements are the major factors of creating instability in the cities especially in developing countries. informal settlement is mainly known with the informal occupation of the land and housing, lack of observing the official and conventional rules and regulations of urbanization, severe lack of infrastructural services, physical and demographic rapid growth, dominant informal occupation, structural and installation instability , instable income, appropriate physical bed for the growth of social pathologies and formation of deviant subcultures and creation of social bases of criminals and offenders. This phenomenon has been created due to the growth effect ot urbanization, rural-urban migrations and urban poverty.Enabling approach is a solution that through emphasizing on the endogenous nature of the problem resolving , can provide grounds for reducing the negative effects of informal settlements. This study has been conducted to the aim of empowering the informal settlement of Hasanabad Yazd to provide an appropriate model for its organization. The research method is of descriptive – analytic one and of applied and developmental type. The data were collected through library and documentary studies and also filling questionare and by using factor analysis, the local reqirements were prioritized and soluitions for empowermnent has been presented. While reviewing the studied 34 questions, the effective factors on the sustainable development of the local area was decresed to 9 (nine) factors and with respect to the correlation rate of each loaded question in factors, the appropriate title was selected. These factors cover 67.124 % of the variance , in which environmental factor with19.152 % has had the greatest percentage of variance and training with 3.696 % has had the lowest percentage of variance. Thus, with respect to the percentage of variance, the factors were prioritized based on the severity of the impact on empowerment of the communities as environmental, social, educational, health, sport, participatory, physical, economical, infrastructure and skills training.

Establishment of border markets, in addition to the economic, social and cultural influences in order to improve development of border areas and economic and cultural communication expansion between people across borders, can also lead to the development of various types of tourism, particularly urban tourism. The present study is an attempt to investigate the role of Paveh Shooshmy Border Market on the development of urban tourism. Due to its natural and cultural capabilities, Paveh province is availed of flourishing grounds to attract all kinds of tourists, particularly urban tourists. Moreover, the existence of Paveh Border Market, the variety of goods supply and the Iranians’ interest in shopping and travelling are among the most important capabilities of the region to both attract tourists from all over the country and to develop urban tourism. A descriptive – analytical research methodology and filed and library data collection method have been utilized to conduct the study. In order to make the design more collaborative, through the use of a survey out of the population, consisted of three groups of common people, officials and tourists, 190 people were randomly selected as the sample. Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) results have been used to analyze the data and present tourism development strategies for Paveh Border Market. QSPM results revealed that the highest attraction level was dedicated to strengthening and increase of regional, national and international trade relations and to attract the participation of public and private sectors to invest more with a score of 6.779, while the lowest attraction level was dedicated to an attempt to organize the required substructures in the city with a score of 4.869.
Iran has eight thousand kilometers of boundary line water, mountains and deserts of the world's countries have a long border and the diversity of political and social problems of neighboring countries, is unique in the world. To create more balance between border areas and other regions of the country as well as the reduction, economic issues, social and cultural development of border areas, including the development of strategies for the border markets.The main objectives of the establishment of border markets, development of economic and trade relations, border areas and reduce poverty, job creation, security, stabilization of population in border areas to prevent smuggling goods, economic prosperity and social mobility in order to achieve development in border areas and extend cultural and economic relations of the people on both sides of the border.
The methodology of this research is descriptive and analytical method of data collection, field and library is the purpose of the questionnaire was used. To increase the validity of the experts and authorities was compiled on the basis of the reforms have been applied to them. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine reliability. Since the benefits and disadvantages of urban tourism development, officials and tourists eclipsed. In the statistical population studied in the range of three people, officials and tourists using random sampling, 120 people, 60 tourists and 10 officials of tourism, for example, were selected.
Discussion and Constant factor of the population in the border regions is a major strength. The most important factor in increasing the opportunities to export local products and the components of management and organization of border market opportunities in the internal weakness.
From the perspective of managers, the components development and poverty reduction in the border areas of economic and trade relations is the most important strengths. Factor of increasing opportunities to export local products is the most important opportunity. The lack of investment and private sector participation in tourism is the main and the administrative bureaucracy and lack of permits for the establishment of border markets, the most important threat.weakness. For tourists, a trip to the region, the strengths internal motivation. Facilities Strengthening factor is one of the important the external opportunities in the vicinity of border markets. A lack of places to stay for travelers to rest at night is the internal weakness and external threat of entry is the most important low quality goods. Spread and entry of goods with low quality is the most important external threat.
With regard to the consequences of poor management led to the development of the tourist city border markets, requiring the strategy formulation in this sector requires special attention. Internal factors evaluation matrix shows that the strengthsmore than weaknesses. This means that urban management Paveh for urban tourism development of internal potential has been strengthened.
External factors evaluation matrix shows that the current state of management of of Paveh with external opportunities facing the poor and should strengthen good opportunities to act against the threats. Matrix (QSPM) shows that many choices as a strategy, do not have enough stability. Because there is no appeal to strategy formulation or the low attractiveness; The attractiveness of each of the strategic factors such as opportunities and threats and strengths and weaknesses in the management of border markets for the development of urban tourism strategy for To gather strengths - opportunity, as well as weakness - opportunity, strengths- threat, weakness - threat, will apply.

Tourism has long been developed in various forms in human society on the basis of individual’s motivations and/or the principle of travelling and movement. Fundamental changes in tourism can be traced to the industrial revolution which brought about a huge change in life and transportation systems. Currently، tourism activities are regarded as the fourth part of human activity after agriculture، industry and services. Sustainable tourism management seeks to improve the quality of life of local residents in tourist regions through optimizing local economic benefits، protecting the natural environment and providing good experiences for visitors. This requires systematic attention to the technical، cultural، political، economic، historical and environmental aspects in the move toward the use of tourist attractions in accordance with the current needs and preservation and sustainability of such resources for future. Due to historical and cultural attractions، cities are often considered as important tourism destinations. Thus، a large amount of tourism facilities including residence، food، transportation links and other tourism services are situated in cities. Isfahan، due to its high capacity of urban tourism has always been of interest to both internal and external stakeholders. Hence in order to develop tourism and for sustainable urban tourism، there is a need for planning and optimal management of utilization of urban tourism spaces. In this study، the effect of price indexes of tourism services، the quality of tourism services، organization of tourism spaces and management of tourism spaces on the development and sustainability of tourism in Isfahan have been investigated. Results showed that management of tourist areas with the rate of 0. 76% and the prices of services with the rate of 0. 63 had the highest and lowest share، respectively، compared with other variables in explaining the development of tourism in Isfahan.

Increasing growth of population of the cities and metropolitan cities, while creating suitable opportunities for physical, economical and social development and increase of welfare level, has caused different incompetency in metropolitans. Increase of home waste materials is of the environmental challenges in most of metropolitans and selecting the appropriate areas of municipal solid waste landfill in mega cities is one of the environmental challenges of urban management, especially in metropolitan cities. Mashhad, with over three million populations is the second mega city in Iran, the second religious city in the world and spiritual capital of Iran. This metropolitan city is faced with a huge and great amount of producing home waste material. Identification of prone regions to the solid waste landfill is among the important issues of waste management in this metropolis. The purpose of this research was selecting and prioritizing areas for solid wastes disposal considering the Geomorphologic factors in Mashad. So using ranking MCDM methods including TOPSIS and AHP, five landfill sites for the city of Mashhad, was investigated and selected. Ranking has been done based on seven geomorphologic criteria involving slope, lithology, fault distance, surface water distance, ground water depth, and land use and geomorphology type. Using TOPSIS algorithm, weighting and ranking the regions was completed. To compare indices and criteria, AHP algorithm has been applied and pair wise of criteria was done. The results of the studies showed that the region 2 (the new landfill, located in Miami Road) has first rank to waste disposal. The results also indicated that the region 1 (located in Nishabour road) which is the old landfill of Mashhad is not a suitable place for waste disposal.

Ecotourism or nature tourism is one of the branches of tourism that is based on natural attractions. Ecotourism industry includes strategies to identify areas of prone nature and the planning for these areas to attract ecotourists and create the infrastructure facilities for them. City of Kermanshah is among regions with interesting scenery which enjoys rich cultural and historical attractions in the field of tourism. This study tries to evaluate the challenges and opportunities of nature tourism of this city using SWOT strategic model and to present appropriate strategies to achieve sustainable ecotourism for the region. It is a descriptive-analytical study and data collection is done using library، survey and documentary methods. The results of this study indicate that pristine nature and high ecotourism capabilities with a score of 0. 45 and varied climate with a score of 0. 32 are among the most important strengths. Lack of proper introduction of the region attractions with a score of 0. 32 is the most important weakness. Job creation with score of 0. 36 and visits management with a score of 0. 28 are the most important opportunities and Lack of organized and studied programs with a score of 0. 40 are the most important threats to the sustainable development in ecotourism of the area.

By hearing the name of desert، more than anything else، cruel، coarse and dry environment is imagined. In the general approach، desert is known as an ecosystem with water scarcity، rare of plant cover and sand covered areas. The opposite of this approach rises from a systematic approach to the desert landscape which involves high potential of desert with special socioeconomic conditions and eco-geomorphic landforms. In the cultural perspective، the deserts are cradle of prophets of Allah. Revelation voice has been received by messengers in the sand dunes، desert caves and dust storms. So، deserts are natural-cultural heritages for each land. In this article، the capability of desert as a great source for ecotourism activities which leads to sustainable development of these environments has been reviewed. In order to analyze the data، indicators of economic، environmental and social have been recognized using expert opinion. Factor analysis was used for interpreting the data. The results of the factor analysis showed that five factors contribute to the development، physical development، environmental awareness، population growth and rising land prices. The present study was designed to investigate and assess various aspects of ecotourism، sustainable desert، while taking advantage of a library of information and resources. This research was carried out with the help of the Delphi algorithm to determine the objectives and various aspects of sustainable ecotourism in Iran. Taking advantage of the experts، dimensions and indicators of ecotourism was determined according to Table 3. For the method 15 experts in five universities (Tehran، Mashhad، Isfahan، Yazd and Shiraz) were selected and a questionnaire was filled. People were asked to answer the aspects (both positive and negative) of developing ecotourism in arid desert country in three ecological (environmental)، economic and social issues. The data of experts، the economic component of 11، 23 and 14 elements of environmental and social factors were identified and separated. As mentioned in the methodology، in order to examine ecotourism impacts on wilderness areas، 11 economic components، and 23 social components and 14 environmental components were identified. Factor analysis was used to determine their effects. The first step is to ensure the correct application of this method. KMO of the tool was equal to 0. 795. The value demonstrates acceptable internal consistency of the components. Bartlett''s test with a significance level of acceptable (sig <0. 000) components showed suitable for performing factor analysis. Table 1. Results KMO and Bartlett''s test for performance analysis Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy 0. 759 Bartlett''s Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 1. 312 Df 435 Sig 0. 000 Ecotourism potential in arid areas is important to achieve stable development and become an important component of economic development in the deserts. The recent spread of tourism in desert areas has resulted in many positive and negative effects. The present study examines the effects of ecotourism on the sustainable development of desert areas. Thus، 44 elements in three groups of economic، social and environmental issues were studied. Results showed that the first factor، the development of partnerships، particularly with the amount of 8. 355، 24. 325% of the total variance is explained by the components. The highest value of this factor that increase people''s participation in natural resource management on the sustainable development of ecotourism is for desert. The amount of 6. 534، 17. 031% of the variance components are allocated to managing physical changes. Therefore، this component represents the physical changes that may contribute to the development of ecotourism in desert areas. Increase in the environmental awareness has the value of 5. 721، 12. 304% of the total variance and factors influencing its components are associated with providing public and professional educational opportunities. Population growth factor with a value of 3. 598، explain about 8. 5% of the total variance. Ultimately، increase in the amount of land prices، especially 2. 3، accounted for about 7. 6% of the total variance of the variables. Evaluation results show that ecotourism combine positive and negative impacts and host communities and local natural heritage. The challenges of ecological tourism expand it، without destroying the natural attractions. Obviously، the development of ecotourism in sensitive natural areas with a lack of proper planning and management can be a threat to the integrity of ecosystems and cultures.

The urban is human habitat, environment and origins of human civilization and social context, so it is a few components status that has land traits, structures and physical spaces for residents, citizens, social institutions, norms and institutional relations of its citizens.According to this definition of the city, only the mosques, domes and minarets in the context of a City couldn’t mean that the city is an Islamic City, the Islamic City is spatial display and the social structure that based on Islamic ideals, has entered forms of communication and its decorative elements.Manifestations of Islamic civilization has been made in Islamic cities and it has the specific identity of spatial, cultural and historical that his characteristics associated with Islam and is rooted of the Quran and the tradition. In these cities is observed inherent, overall and structural relationships between religion and urban artifact space relationships and personal and social. Accordingly, this research is intended with using of a descriptive - analytical method and considering the elements of the Islamic city and social, economic, cultural characteristics. The goal of this research is to express that only the presence of physical features such as domes and minarets, couldn’t provide an Islamic city. So the SWOT model present strategies that can somewhat close to our cities to their true origin.

Ecotourism is a collection of organic and dynamic tourism industry while having considerable productivity and profitability, ensures economic development at deeper layers. This collection is not only a bed for the cultural development of communities; rather it makes the environment serve the human curious soul and invites them to have a fascinating and enjoyable journey, filled with memories, to explore the unknown universe and become close to nature and be immersed in the relaxing and refreshing natural attractions. This paper aims to study natural attractions of Saman region and find their effect on attracting tourists. The main objective of this study was to investigate and understand the most significant capabilities and opportunities as well as bottlenecks and threats to the region to achieve specific pattern of ecotourism. For this purpose, the nature of the region was evaluated and its strengths and weaknesses were identified. The results showed the high weakness of the required infrastructures for tourism such as facilities, services, social, economic, cultural and communication infrastructures and considering the potentials of the region and long-term prospects of tourism development in Saman, suggestions for improving the current situation and the future upgrades of the region were presented in the form of short time (Task Force), medium-term and long-term intervals. It should be pointed that by providing comprehensive and systematic planning of tourism and investment incentives for the private sector, we can provide opportunities for ecotourism development in the area.

Diversity of dimensions and complexity of the tourism industry, according to geographical areas, has created special areas for tourism planning and management. In areas with potential for tourism development, one must seek factors causing high tourism flows, although the development of tourism in different regions is not the overall solution to resolve all issues, but it will provide the planners with a new strategy for sustainable development and reducing privation. Necessity of dealing with the issue of urban tourism is due to urbanization and the needs facing the citizens; including: apartment living, crowded cities, urban environmental uniformity, the use of leisure time, expansion of second houses, preparation of areas around towns and villages, etc. This study is done through descriptive – analytical methodology. Data is gathered from documents and library studies, field studies. The goal is to identify potentials, capabilities, limitations, and shortcomings of urban tourism in the city of Kermanshah. SWOT strategic model is used to analyze the data. The findings indicate that despite having high capacities of tourism in the historical, cultural, and natural sections, this city suffers from the lack of infrastructure and welfare facilities, poor advertising, multiple decision makers and management problems. On the other hand, Kermanshah has the tourism potentials of employment, local investment and currency income. It should be noted that reformation of administrative institutions, promotion of advertising, greater interaction between officials and organizations associated with tourism and the people are among the important strategies for sustainable development of tourism in Kermanshah city.

For years urban spaces throughout the world have been among the most important sites for tourism objectives. Cities are composed of elements, components, spaces, functions and governing rules, as well as current affairs and issues associated with them. They, as the largest complexes of human works, induce various effects of beauty. Urban tourism space is a place in which tourism resources exist and the behavioral pattern of tourists is a function of that resources. The necessity of the present study is originated from the fact that due to the historical, cultural and natural capacities of Kermanshah, there are a lot of potentials for attracting tourists in this city and consequently taking advantages of those potentials. Applying dynamic management would lead to the positive economic, social and cultural effects. It will also lead to creation of an urban tourism hub in the west of the country. The methodology used in this study is descriptive - analytical and data is collected through field and library methods. Information obtained through questionnaire is categorized into twenty partite indices. Then it is summarized to significant factors through factor analysis model. And finally, the contribution and function of each factor in urban tourism management have been determined. The results suggest that the factor of expansion of infrastructural facilities and services with a specific amount of 3.31 and the variance of 29.8 percent is the first and most significant factor that is most fitting. Thus, variables related to the development of infrastructural facilities and services are the most effective ones in urban tourism spaces management. The second effective factor is proper and scientific designing and planning with a specific amount of 2.78 and variance of 22.47percent.

Nowadays, urban management has evolved. Cities are managed for the welfare of most citizens. Urban management has an important role in the success of programs and urban development plans. This issue will be more important especially in relation to sustainable development. Cities due to having natural, historical and cultural attractions are considered as tourism destinations. Development of urban tourism has both positive and negative economic, social, cultural and environmental effects and establishing balance in this field in a manner that it has more positive effects than negative ones requires strong management policies. Thus, sustainability in urban tourism requires systematic attention to the technical, cultural, political, economic, historical and environmental aspects, so that using tourism attractions is in line with today requirements as well as the maintenance and sustainability of resources for future. This paper aims at analyzing essential variables of urban management, in connection with the sustainable development of urban tourism in the city of Kermanshah. The results suggest that a direct positive relationship exists between integrated management and mutual cooperation of urban managers and local people and sustainable development of urban tourism, that is, if urban management is more coordinated and there exists better relations between managers and local people, the possibility of achieving sustainable development of urban tourism will increase.

Among the necessities of societies growth and development is to create some suitable spatial beds for the use of all people from public services and facilities in order to better movement and easier access. Disabled people, sacrificed and weak persons like other people have the right use public facilities and services. But the existing of some special obstacles in drawing, constructing and town making, have been caused that most of the city spaces, specially public places, public routes, parks and green spaces have rare conditions to provide needs of disabled people. Regarding purposes and existing standard, have been estimated situation of 36 parks in Isfahan according to the field observation and completed question arise by disabled persons. The results show that among the studied parks, 2.8 percent have suitable conditions, 30.5 percent are determined as rarely suitable, and 66.7 percent have unsuitable condition. So to improve the public places condition for more applications to use disable person and more exploitation from parks and green spaces and to provide these city places for disable people it needs to more attentions.

With the development of city centers and urbanization, the interest in tourism and traveling has increased. The interested people, called tourists, have improved and perfected their leisure pastime in all over the world. Thus paying due attention to the nature of tourism and its relevant results has proven the study and research about this topic a necessity in the scientifically developed societies. The current investigation attempts to study the role and position of multi-dimensional planning in developing tourism and ecotourism of Khoor and Tabas zones. In spite of having several tourist attractions, this zone has lots of privations which demand serious consideration. It is necessary to have some plans in this area in order to develop tourism and ecotourism. In this study, the method of research is a collection of historic, descriptive, documental and field items. The data are completed via the field studies and questionnaires. Having produced the data, they are analyzed by SPSS micro soft. Besides, some other Microsoft like Corel Draw and excel were used. The results of this study indicate that the multi-dimensional planning has a very effective role in developing tourism industry in this area. Moreover, the only way to rectify the privations and use the different capacities of Khoor and Tabas is to have an overall view and also a multi-dimensional planning.