فهرست مطالب افسانه شکری

Rumors as archaic forms of communication emerge in uncertain and threatening situations. They can provide insights into people's underlying perceptions and anxieties in society. Despite their significance, few, if any, studies addressed rumors in the Iranian context. Accordingly, the present study analyzed 407 rumors collected from Iranian social media to investigate their primary motivations, subjects, and supported and targeted groups. The results of content analysis revealed that two new types of rumors were found specific to the Iranian context, in addition to hostility, fear, hope, and curiosity advocated by Knapp (1944) and Allport and Postman (1947b). The "support" rumors supported a particular entity, and "us vs. them" rumors combined support and hostility motivations. Concerning the subjects of rumors, 7 overarching subjects were detected: politics, religion, people, culture, quality of life, events, and terrorism. The results also revealed that hostility was the most common motivation for rumor-mongering. The prominent supported and targeted groups of rumors were Islam and the Islamic Republic of Iran, respectively. Based on the present study's findings, it seems that the type and frequency of the rumor motivation may vary in terms of context and society in which rumors pass along. Several implications and contributions are discussed in detail.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of  Mindfulness-based Cognitive therapy and Cognitive emotion regulation training on psychological well-being of mothers with aggressive students.  The research method was an experimental study with pre/post-test design and a control group. The population included all female students in primary school in 2018 in Namin,Iran(N=540), With their mothers. From this population of students, 79 students who scored high on the aggression scale, were selected as aggressive students and a sample of 60  mothers of  these students were selected by Considering inclusion criteria and were assigned by multistage clustering randomly sampling in three groups of  20. The experimental groups mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and cognitive emotion regulation training were executed at 8 sessions, whereas the control group had no intervention. For data collection, were used of Shahim's Aggression Scale and psychological well-being inventory. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis.  The findings showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was more effective than cognitive emotion regulation training on psychological well-being. According to these results, the training of this program on mothers can play a significant role in improving the mental health of this group of people and reducing the behavioral problems of students.

Many children’s physical, cognitive, behavioral and emotional disorders are caused by mothers’ emotional disturbances. These mothers show weakness in playing the parental role, which will lead to an increase in behavioral disorders in the child. The aim of the research was to effectiveness of mothers’ mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on externalizing disorder of aggressive children.

This study was an experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. From the population of female primary school students in Namin city in the academic year of 1997-98 (540 people), a sample of 40 people based on high scores on the aggression scale was selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 20 people (An experimental group and a control group) were replaced. Every student who was selected in this way, his mother was also selected as a sample in the research. Overt and relational Shahim’s Aggression Scale and Achenbach& Rescolar’s Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The experimental group received 8 sessions of 2-hour mindfulnessbased cognitive therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. Univariate and multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) were used to analyze the data.

The calculated values showed that cognitive therapy based on mothers’ mindfulness has an effect on reducing the externalizing problems of in children (p < 0.05).

According to the results of the study, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy can be considered as effective interventions in reducing externalizing problems in children. Mothers’ mindfulness improves their adaptive performance in awareness and attention to interaction with children, unconditional acceptance without judgment of children’s behaviors and the ability to regulate their reactions to children.

Aggression is one of the major problems in schools. Family members, especially mothers play an important role in the development of aggressive behaviors in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion regulation training on parental stress of mothers with aggressive children.

This study was an experimental research with pretest-posttest control group design. The population included all the female students studying at the primary schools of Namin city in the academic year of 2018-2019 (N=540) together with their mothers. Totally, 217 students as the initial sample were selected by multi-stage clustering sampling and the aggression questionnaire was completed for them by the teachers. Finally, considering the inclusion criteria, mothers of 60 aggressive student were selected as the study sample and randomly assigned to any of the three groups (n=20 per group). Data were collected by Shahim's Aggression Scale (Shahim, 2006) and Parenting Stress Questionnaire (Abidin, 2016) and analyzed by ANCOVA through using SPSS Version 20.

Data analysis showed that both mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and emotion regulation training were effective in decreasing the parental stress of mothers with aggressive children. Also, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was more effective in decreasing the parental stress of mothers with aggressive children in comparison to emotion regulation training (p<0.05).

Considering the higher effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy on parental stress, it can be concluded that through techniques such as paying attention to breathing and body and turning awareness here and now, mindfulness affects the cognitive system and information processing and reduces mental rumination and dysfunctional attitudes in people, and these changes can reduce parental stress.