فهرست مطالب افسانه صحتی

Verbal cohesion is one of the comprehension factors that can be affected by Alzheimer. Lexical relations device is also one of cohesive devices. Despite substantial researches in the field of neurological diseases and cohesive devices, there has been no analysis and comparison of lexical relations as a subset of cohesive devices in the speech of elderly Alzheimer patients and non-patients yet. Therefore, it seems necessary to perform such studies. Besides, the study of possible disorders in the speech of elderly Alzheimer patients is a step toward a more accurate illustration of brain and language relation and may contribute to verbal rehabilitation of these patients as well. The purpose of this research was to study and compare the application of lexical relations device in the speech of elderly Alzheimer patients and non-patients based on Dooley and Levinson’s (2001) perspective. The participants of this research were 6 elderly Alzheimer and 6 elderly non-patients who lived in nursing homes of Birjand and Qaen. The linguistic data was gathered during 5 months (22 September 2012 to18 February 2013). The age range of the subjects was 74 to 90 years old, who were all women with severe Alzheimer. A 40 minute speech sample of each subject was recorded. The data was analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and independent t test. The results of t-test analysis indicated that there was a significant difference between the application of lexical relations device in the speech of non-patients and elderly Alzheimer patients (P=0.009). In fact, based on individual results of all kinds of lexical relations, it was observed that, except for collocation device (P=0.107), there was a significant difference in the other two subsets: part-whole (P=0.019) and hyponymy (P=0.044). It seems that there was a significant difference between the application of lexical relations device in the speech of non-patients and elderly Alzheimer patients.

Sadegh Chubak is a pioneer founder of short story in Iran. Meanwhile Edgar Allan Poe is known as the founder of principles and bases of short story in the world. Chubak was the first Iranian to translate Poe's famous poem "The Raven" into Persian. The present article studies the points of similarity and difference in themes and structures of their works. The results of such a comparison show that Sadegh Chubak just like Sadegh Hedayat was influenced by Allan Poe. But there are also differences between them, the most important of which is found in the themes and backgrounds of their stories. As opposed to Allan Poe, Chubak is a writer with an opposing point of view. two other structural features of Poe, are his innovations in applying minor events to the plot and imagery.

Sadeq Choobak is one of the founders of modern short story in Iran. In spite of his technical undulation, he has been an able and impressive writer in the history of Iranian story writing. Likewise, Ernest Hemingway’s role, in viewpoint of effect, in shaping short story as a serious artistic global form is undeniable. Choobak has written many of his short stories in Hemingway’s style and his traces are obvious in some of Choobak’s short stories. In addition, in his novel Tangsir, this impression is clear. But some of his writing features are mentally and technically different from Hemingway’s and in some points these differences manifest themselves completely.This article studies the similar and different aspects of Choobak’s writing style in comparison with Hemingway’s. A consideration and comparison of their stories have been done in both the themes and structures of the stories. The results show that Sadeq Choobak is the first Iranian writer who has imitated Hemingway’s style. Objectivism, the use of anti-heroes and the application of Hemingway’s special writing style are the main cases of similarity in the two writers’ works. However, one difference is that Choobak does not follow a single style; another is the use of evident and clear themes in Choobak’s stories. A final difference is his tendency to stories with psychologically superficial layers. These features are not observed in Hemingway’s stories.

Insofar as it is related to techniques of story writing such as diction, omission, etc. short stories in the west have evolved to a great extent. These elements, that is, literary devices, can also be seen in the Persian classical works of literature. Terms such as Point of departure, and prolepsis, found in the works of great writers such as chekov, Allen Poe, Pomasant can also be found in Sadi's "Golestan". Point of departure in stories will lead to the emergence of perception, and neurological curves in the shortest period possible. The present paper is aimed at comparing Golestan with the stories of the west in this regard.