فهرست مطالب الهام زینلی

Medication adherence is essential to improve outcomes emanated from the disease. The increase in the complexity of the medical regimens causes poor adherence in patients with heart failure; also, the progressive nature of Heart Failure (HF) and its complicated drug regimens are mostly stressful. This study has been conducted on the HF patients at the heart hospital of Kermanshah city with the objective of finding the association between medication adherence and coping skills. The present research is a descriptive-correlative study. Research cases include 400 HF patients at Imam Ali hospital of Kermanshah in 2015 who were selected using available sampling method. The self-reported epidemiologic characteristics form of HF patients, Morisky medication adherence Questionnaire (1986) and short form of Carver Questionnaire (COPE, 1997) were utilized for data gathering. SPSS 22 software and statistical test of Pearson correlation and descriptive statistical were used to analyze the data. The result showed that the majority of the studied cases (%94) had poor medication adherence. Pearson correlation data analysis revealed direct and weak statistical correlation between medication adherence and coping Skills (religion P=0.036, acceptance P=0.019, use of emotional support P=0.02, use of instrumental support P=0.001, hummer P=0.025, positive reframing P˂0.001, self-distraction P=0.002).  Given the weakness of medication Adherence and relationship between medication adherence and coping Skills in HF patients, the application of educational and intervention programs appears to be substantial.

Achillea filipendulina is one of the most important species of the family Asteraceae and, it considered as one of the most valuable medicinal and ornamental plants. Environmental factors affected on quality and quantity of the essential oil of medicinal and aromatic plants. So, selecting of appropriate season for harvesting can lead to increase quality and quantity yield. The aims of the present study were to assess the effect of seasonal variation on essential oil yield and some morphophysiological traits of A. filipendulina. In this research, split plot experiment based on complete block design was conducted in three replicates. The aerial parts were harvested and the essential oil extracted by Clevenger approach in different seasons. Afc genotype showed the lowest amount concerning the plant height, leaf length and leaf width in winter, while Af21 had the highest height and leaf width in summer. The essential oil yield varied between 0.01 to 0.84% in all seasons. The highest and the lowest essential oil yield belonged to Afc in summer and Af21 in winter, respectively. The lowest and the highest hydrogen peroxide accumulation were in Af21 in spring and Afc in summer, respectively. Furthermore, malonede-aldehide (MDA) accumulation varied from 0.3 to 3.37 ng/fw. Afc in spring and Af21 in summer showed the lowest and the highest MDA, respectively. According to the results of present study, in order to increase dry matter and essential oil yield of Achillea filipendulina, harvesting for essential oil extraction is suggested in early summer.

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is the most common cause of nosocomial infection, has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. This study was carried out to find out the resistance pattern and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing among MRSA. This descriptive work was done on 87 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates which were collected from the patients with infections in a teaching hospital in Kashan, Iran, during the period of 2009. The isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance by the disc-diffusion method, covering 10 antimicrobials. The genotypes of SCCmec subtypes were determined by multiplex PCR. Amomg 87 MRSA isolated tested; the highest resistance was shown against erythromycin, clindamycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline respectively. By contrast, the highest sensitivity was shown to amikacin. All of the isolates were resistant to Beta-lactams. All of the isolates were resistant to at least three classes of antibiotics, and all of the isolates were sensitive to vancomycin. Three (3.4%) MRSA strains were SCCmec type I, 12 (13.8%) were type II, 8 (9.2%) were type IV-b, 4 (4.6%) were type IV-d, and 3 (3.4%) were typeV. Overall, 57 (65.5%) MRSA strains could not be typed. The rising trend of multi-resistance to antibiotics poses an alarming threat to treatment of MRSA infections. Our findings show that clinical isolates of MRSA in our hospital carrying various kinds of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) types. SCCmec typse II and IV were the predominant strain of MRSA identified.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the main cause of hospital infection. The aim of present study was to investigate the molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus (SA), to detect mecA gene, and to type SCCmec in the strains isolated from patients at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. This descriptive study was carried out on SA isolates (n=150) collected from the clinical samples at Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Iran during 2009. The identification of all tested isolates were confirmed using Gram's stain, coagulase, DNase and manitol salt agar. In addition, the genotypes of SCCmec in the MRSA isolates were determined by multiplex PCR. Eighty seven (58%) out of 150 SA isolates were confirmed as MRSA harboring mecA gene detected by PCR. Thirty four out of 87 (39.1%) were HA-MRSA and the remainig 53 (60.9%) were CA-MRSA. The multiplex PCR assay for SCCmec complex of MRSA strains (n=87) showed that 3(3.4%) samples were SCCmec type I, 12(13.8%) SCCmec type II, 8(9.2)% SCCmec type IVb, 4(4.6%) SCCmec type IVd and 3(3.4%) SCCmec type V. More than 50% of SA strains were positive for mecA gene and more than 60% of them were CA-MRSA. Moreover, SCCmec type II was the predominant strain of the identified MRSA.