فهرست مطالب الهام صابری

A smooth endotracheal intubation minimizes hemodynamic changes. We assessed the effect of ketamine and lidocaine on Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and, oxygen saturation (SpO2) changes after endotracheal intubation compared to a control group.

In this randomized, triple-blind clinical trial (IRCT20200825048515N56) approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUI.MED.REC.1400.721) 90 patients aged 18-65 years as candidates for surgery under general anesthesia at Alzahra Hospital in Isfahan were included between December 2022 and February 2023. They were randomly allocated to the ketamine hydrochloride (ketamine) (0.5 mg/kg), lidocaine hydrochloride 2% (Lignodic)          (0.5 mg/kg), and control groups. The subjects, age, height, weight, gender, Body mass index (BMI) and clinical information, such as mean blood pressure, HR, SBP, DBP, MAP, and, oxygen saturation 1, 3, 5 and 10 minutes following endotracheal intubation, recovery stay and, extubation time were noted and analyzed by repeated measure analysis using SPSS version 28. The significance level in all analyses was considered less than 0.05.

Ninety candidates for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) were randomly assigned to three groups of 30: one group receiving lidocaine hydrochloride, one receiving ketamine hydrochloride, and the other a control group. Overall, 60 cases (66.7%) were male and 30 cases (33.3%) were female.
Both lidocaine and ketamine effectively reduce hemodynamic changes during endotracheal intubation, but lidocaine potentially has greater benefits in terms of improving oxygenation and reducing heart rate variability, as well as reducing recovery time during anesthesia. No significant difference was detected between the two studied groups regarding diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure changes, recovery stay, extubation time, and laryngoscopy grade.

Based on the findings in this study, lidocaine offered more desirable hemodynamic stability than ketamine and resulted in fewer hemodynamic disturbances. Also, in the case of persistent hypertension or tachycardia. This was not observed in any of the groups.

The main purpose of this study is to explain a model of philosophy for children curriculum for junior high schools (grades 7 through 9) in Iran. The research approach is exploratory mixed type. At first, after reviewing the theoretical foundations in the field of P4C and purposeful sampling, the opinions of 19 curriculum experts and P4C specialists were collected through semi-structured interviews and then thematic structures were obtained by theme analysis method. In the quantitative step, the Delphi method was used. To determine the degree of consensus among experts, Kendall coordination coefficient and to evaluate the content validity of the questionnaire, relative content validity coefficient (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) and to assess the reliability, Cronbach's alpha was used. Based on the research results, 135 components of the P4C curriculum for the first year of high school in Iran were identified and a conceptual model was designed in the form of ten Akker elements. In the form of 10 dimensions, logic or reasoning (26 indicators), goals (39 indicators), content features (8 indicators), content forms (7 indicators), teaching-learning methods (13 indicators), facilitator features (12 indicators) The characteristics of the learning environment (4 indicators), evaluation (19 indicators), grouping (3 indicators) and time (4 indicators) were prioritized.

Philosophical communities of inquiry enjoy a practical, rational and philosophical attitude toward the development of critical, creative, and controlling insight into the surrounding issues. Since a great deal of people’s ideas, beliefs, thoughts, and worldviews are under the influence of cyberspaces in the present time, particularly in modern communities, it is necessary to develop a critical approach among children in dealing with the contents of the cyberspaces, and teach them how to confront with these immense information provided by these centers. The present paper, as carried out with the participation of children in philosophical communities of inquiry, is an attempt to enhance the critical, creative and accountable ability of children in confronting with the content and existing information of the cyberspaces. An analysis of the data as collected by Covariance method with %99 certainty in twelve sessions indicate that the participation of students in philosophical community of inquiry can affect their critical thought skills including the skills of inductive and deductive reasoning, analysis of media messages, enhancing self confidence, and increasing hypothesis making in internet(p≤0.01). Accordingly, we can benefit from the teaching program of “philosophy for children” in deepening our understanding of information in cyberspaces and reducing the destructive impacts of this invaluable and overall media.

Detailed estimation of evapotranspiration is required for water balance studies, water utilities, design and management of irrigation conveyance systems and water resources management, and other purposes. In this study, crop coefficients and water requirements of Ajwain, which is one of the most important medicinal herbs, were determined during a growing season in College of Agriculture, University of Birjand, by using lysimeters. For this purpose, three weighing lysimeters were used and water requirement of Ajwain was calculated by water balance method. To calculate the reference evapotranspiration, common grass sown in green spaces was used with a height of 12 cm as the reference plant. Finally, at the end of the growing season, values of Ajwain crop coefficients during different growth stages including early stage, crop development, midseason, and late season were obtained as, respectively, 0.78, 1.06, 1.13 and 0.96. Also, the total evapotranspiration of the plant in lysimeter was 492 mm.