فهرست مطالب الهام فخاری

Chronic periodontitis is caused by the interaction between plaque biofilm microorganisms and host immune cells. The serum level of some vitamins may play a role in the prevention and control of the disease. This study aimed to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and chronic periodontitis in patients referring to Dental School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.

A total of 49 individuals with healthy periodontium (control group) and 49 patients with chronic periodontitis (case group) participated in this case-control study. Blood samples were taken from the participants, and serum vitamin D levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum vitamin D levels were compared between the two groups using the Mann-Whitney test. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22 software at a 0.05% confidence level.

A total of 37 (37.8%) males and 61 (62.2%) females were included in the study. Serum vitamin D levels in the control and case groups were 35.61±16.12 ng/ml and 24.98±10.54 ng/ml, respectively (P˂0.001). The odds ratio of periodontitis per unit change in vitamin D level with the removal of confounders was 0.94 (95% confidence interval: 0.90-0.97) (P˂0.001).

Serum vitamin D levels were lower in patients with chronic periodontitis than in healthy individuals. It seems that decreased serum vitamin D levels may increase the chances of developing chronic periodontitis.

Periodontitis is one of the most common periodontal diseases, characterized by destruction of connective tissue and supporting structure of the tooth. Osteoporosis is a systemic disease of skeletal tissue characterized by a decrease in bone mass and leads to the destruction of bone structure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between systemic osteoporosis and periodontal status in menopausal women referred to the bone density measurement center in Gorgan.

In this case-control study, 56 menopausal women aged 45-65 years participated. Among the participants, 28 individuals had osteoporosis and 28 women were healthy. Periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque index (PI) and gingivitis index (GI) were measured for each patient. Finally, the data were analyzed using 95% confidence level.

A total of 56 menopausal women were included in the study. The mean GI in the osteoporotic group was 0.74 ± 1.43 and in the non-osteoporotic group was 0.77 ± 1.32 (p value = 0.280). The mean periodontal pocket depth in the osteoporotic group (0.63 ± 3.73) was more than the non- osteoporotic group 0.57 ± 3.66 (p value = 0.363). PI mean in the osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic groups were 37.11 ± 15 and 37.39 ± 15, respectively (p value = 0.363).

The mean clinical attachment level in menopausal women with osteoporosis was significantly higher than normal menopausal women. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in other indices of periodontal disease such as PPD, PI, GI.

 The oral cavity has been suggested as a potential reservoir for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which could be a major cause of reinfection after standard systemic therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of full-mouth disinfection (FMD) on the recurrence of H. pylori infection.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 40 patients with chronic periodontitis and H. pylori infection. Of these, 20 patients received quadruple anti-H. pylori therapy only (group A) and the other 20 patients received quadruple therapy plus FMD (group B). The presence of H. pylori was detected by a 14C-urea breath test (UBT) after 1 and 6 months. Data were analyzed with SPSS 16 using the chi-square test. A value of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Of 40 dyspeptic patients, 15(75%) and 18(90%) of 20 in groups A and B, respectively, had a negative UBT after 4 weeks. Of the patients with successful eradication of H. pylori after 1 month, 8(53.3%) and 6(33.3%) of 15 in group A and 18 in group B, respectively had a positive UBT after 6 months. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the follow-up periods (p>0.05).

Implementation of quadruple therapy plus FMD may reduce recurrence of the infection although further studies are recommended to confirm the results.

The important issues which also affect the efficiency of the education, in general, are the quality and achievement of university curricula. From a constructive perspective in which learning is considered to be a complex multidimensional behavior, inclusive of learners and teachers' interactions, curricula, as well as their implementations and achievements are as important as their evaluation is necessary. The goal of this research is the evaluation of academic education through the study of entrepreneurship establishment based on the educational interactive processes. This non-experimental assessment is based on the case study in CIPP model . By proper checklists and questionnaires a broadband data including programs, graduates, students, faculties and department administrators have been collected. All tools were designed and built by author as well as tested, validated and their reliability was calculated. The results showed that innovation and entrepreneurship is not a main concern in any of the current educational programs. Also the relationship between the university and market, in terms of interactive relationship, is not as expected. Despite existing interest in innovation, the respondents have been criticizing the lack of current university organizations efforts for engaging modern training methods, improving knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship, and communication with outside institutions.

Periodontal disease has high prevalence in diabetic patients and the knowledge of them about the relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease is effective in the control of the blood glucose and progression of periodontitis. This study was done to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of diabetic patients about periodontal disease in Gorgan north of Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was done on 300 type 1 and 2 diabetic patients (136 males & 164 females) whom referred to governmental health centers in Gorgan, northern Iran during 2019. Demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practice were recorded using a questionnaire.

The level of good knowledge, attitude and practice were evaluated 51.7%, 44.3% and 25%, respectively. There was significant association between oral hygiene practice and gender and education (P<0.05). Good practice was observered more in females and in patients.

More than half of diabetic patients had moderate to good knowledge and attitude about periodontal disease but their practice was moderate to poor.

The present study aimed to assess the periodontal condition in the patients with various blood groups referred to the dental school, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, in 2018.

This cross-sectionalstudy was done in 970 patients referred to the dental school, Golestan University of Medical Sciences. Medical history was obtained and blood groups were determined. The assessed periodontal indices, included gingival index (GI), clinical attachment level(CAL), and periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and there were three divided groups of patients based on it: healthy ones, patients with gingivitis, and periodontitis. Then, the probable association between the type of periodontal disease, ABO blood groups andRh factor was analyzedby Chi-squared test. P-value of 0.05 considerations was statistically significant.

Among 970 patients, the most frequent blood groups in healthy individuals, patients with gingivitis and periodontitis were Group A, B, and O, respectively. The AB blood group had the least frequency in all three groups. Rh+ factor was significantly more prevalent in all three groups. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between blood group and Rh factor with periodontal disease(p value < 0.0001, p value = 0.022).

According to the results, the blood groups B and O showed a higher percentage in gingivitis and periodontitis groups respectively, while the blood group AB showed the least percentage of periodontal disease. Statistically, there was a significant relationship between periodontal disease with the blood group and Rh factor.

Gingival biotype is defined as the faciolingual thickness of keratinized gingiva which plays an important role in periodontal health. Moreover, it affects the periodontal response to physical trauma, the result of periodontal and implant surgery, and restorative and orthodontic treatment. In this regard, the present study aimed to investigate the relationship of gingival biotype with the width of the keratinized gingiva, depth of probe, and height of papilla in the patients who referred to the Dental School at Golestan University of Medical Sciences.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 130 patients who referred to the Periodontal Department of the Dental School. For the purposes of the study, their clinical parameters were assessed which included the width of keratinized gingiva, depth of the probe, and height of papilla. Finally, the relationship between the gingival biotype and clinical parameters was investigated. It should be noted that a p < /em>-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Out of 130 participants, 70 and 60 patients had thin and thick gingival biotypes, respectively. Based on the results, the mean values of the keratinized gingiva width, depth of the probe, and height of papilla were 6.23±1.44, 1.12±0.44, and 3.12±0.65 mm, respectively. Moreover, the mean values of keratinized gingiva width, depth of the probe, and height of papilla were 5.27±0.91, 1.07±0.37, and 3.4±0.66 mm in thin gingival biotype, respectively, and 7.35±1.10, 1.19±0.49, and 2.7±0.46 in the thick gingival biotype, respectively.

It can be concluded that the mean value of the keratinized gingiva width of the thin biotype was less than that of thick biotype. However, the height of papilla was more in the thin biotype, compared to the thick biotype. Besides, no significant difference was observed between the depth of probe of these two biotypes.

The purpose of this process was to utilize the flipped classroom for the knowledg and satisfaction improvment of dental students in the preclinical courses of periodontics and pediatric dentistry.
Methods and Materials: Students (n=28 in each course) were divided into two groups randomly . In one group the students were instructed by the traditional method (lecture and demonstration),in the other one the students were asked to watch the prerecorded films and the classroom was converted to a place for discussion.
Evaluation was done using pre-test and post-test in each group. Results have shown that the knowledge of the students was improved in both groups, but there were not statistically differences between them. All of the students preferred flipped classroom to the lecture one, and were satisfied.
This article demonstrates that learners seem to prefer a flipped classroom method. Certainly ,it was rated more positively than the traditional classroom on many different characteristics.

Periodontics is, to a great extent, associated with debridement of periodontal pockets; however, regeneration of periodontal tissues and application of biomaterials have attracted a lot of attention during the recent decades and considerable progress has been achieved in this field. The materials used include bone grafts, membranes and growth factors. The aim of this article was to review biomaterials currently used to treat peri-dental and peri-implant lesions and assess the future needs in this field.Search strategy: All the relevant articles indexed in Pubmed from 1976 to 2013 were searched, using the following key words: guided tissue regeneration, Guided bone regeneration, bone graft, membrane and tissue engineering. Of all the 105 abstracts retrieved, papers were selected that had evaluated the clinical aspects of the use of biomaterials used to treat peri-dental and peri-implant lesions. The use of growth factors, genes and stem cells has been promising and these agents will lay the future foundations of biomaterials. It appears trial-and-error processes determine the best biomaterials for use in periodontal treatment.

Polyphenpls are the most common antioxidants in foodstuffs، which have an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases. Periodontitis is a chronic disease of the supporting structures of teeth، which can destroy periodontal structures and result in tooth loss. The aim of this review article was to evaluate the effect of polyphenols on periodontal diseases. Review report: All the relevant articles indexed in the Pubmed from 2002 to 2011 were surveyed. After studying the abstracts of 48 collected articles، 13 irrelevant ones were excluded and full texts of 35 remaining articles were assessed. Regarding the existing articles about polyphenols، it appears consumption of polyphenol-containing products may be effective in plaque control and prevention of periodontal diseases. Therefore، it is suggested that the results of in vitro studies be assessed by clinical trials.