فهرست مطالب الهام فهام

Using the institutional mapping approach, the present research has investigated the important actors of the science, technology and innovation system of Iran's cyber space and their functions in this system. The importance of this issue stems from the fact that the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space has a high number and diversity in actors and functions, and the effort to investigate them can help to better understanding the structural and functional complexities of this system. The data collection of this research has been done through a library study, including the review of previous studies and documents, including the description of the duties of organizations, statutes, laws, and upstream documents, as well as a field study, including holding a panel with key stakeholders. Classification of identified actors based on the theoretical framework in five levels of government, educational and research institutions, intermediate institutions, companies (large companies, small and medium businesses, start-ups and technological units), and non-governmental organizations (specialized association, trade association, unions, non-governmental organization) was done. Then, through the actors-functions matrix, it was determined what functions each actor plays in the science, technology and innovation system of cyber space. According to the findings, the main guardian of the cyber space science, technology and innovation system is the Supreme Council of Cyber Space. Also, the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology has the largest role among other players in this system. The role of civil institutions and the private sector also needs to be highlighted in this system. The policy implication of this research is that the governance of science, technology and innovation system of cyber space requires a networked and evidence-based approach that, in addition to considering the views and expectations of all stakeholders, operates based on the facts and objective conditions.

Considering the increasing rate of competition in the graduates’ job market as well as the increase in education costs and society's expectations from the higher education system to develop employability, the current empirical research has investigated the effect of drivers of social media usage and job seeking behavior on the employability of students of Faculty of Agriculture at the University of Tehran. In this quantitative research which is a causal-relational study, 187 students (from all educational levels) were sampled from a population of 3500 cases using Daniel's limited population formula. Simple random sampling method was used to select the individual samples. A close-ended questionnaire was employed to collect data. The face, discriminant, and construct validities were checked and confirmed. Then,  coefficient was utilized to check the reliability of the research tool. The results of reliability test revealed that the coefficient for each construct was more than 0.7 as an acceptable cut-off vale. The dominant statistical method used in this research was variance-based structural equation modeling using Smart PLS 3 software. The modeling results indicated that drivers of the use of social media did not affect the job seeking behavior of students, while this construct had a positive and significant effect on the employability dimensions. Also, job seeking behavior positively and significantly affected employability dimensions. According to the results, it was suggested to set up an agricultural knowledge and information network in the agricultural higher education system.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating and validating the measurement model of the construct of drivers of learning transfer to the workplace. The research is quantitative in nature, applied in terms of purpose, and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection. The statistical population of this research included the employees of a selected organization in the field of information and communication technology who had participated in the organization's in-service training courses. Using Cochran's formula, 169 employees were selected as a sample by a simple random method. The tool of data collection was a revised Learning Transfer System Inventory and its content validity was determined through experts' opinions and its reliability was determined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient by SPSS 26. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis and the goodness of model fit using Amos 22.0 showed that the measurement model had a good fit. Also, the individual component had the most power to explain the variance of the construct of drivers of learning transfer to the workplace. In the individual, educational and organizational components, respectively, the variables of learner motivation for learning transfer to the workplace, learner satisfaction from educational processes, and colleague support for learning transfer to the workplace had the greatest explanatory power among other variables. It is suggested that the organization takes an approach to getting the support of managers to provide opportunities for employees to transfer what they have learned. In order to develop practical content and increase the satisfaction of the learners, joint meetings between the lecturer and the heads of the departments should be held before the training courses. Also, for reducing learner resistance, endogenous and exogenous sources of resistance to change work methods and processes should be identified.

Some attributes of the agricultural sector in Iran are low Value-added, low amount of Total Factor Productivity, and a traditional structure, which facing these facts requires supporting agriculture through knowledge and technology. Therefore, the qualitative research was conducted to propose the policy tools for the transition to knowledge-intensive agriculture in Iran by identifying policy gaps and system failures in this field. In order to achieve the research goals, a literature review, a comparative study, and a focus group were used. The results of the comparative studies of the policy experiences of knowledge-intensive agriculture development in Iran, India, Turkey, and Switzerland led to the typology of the related policy tools in these countries. These results formed the input of the focus group meeting. The data from the focus group meeting was analyzed through thematic content analysis into the framework of system failures which led to the extraction of 51 challenges of knowledge-intensive agricultural development in Iran and 20 policy tools for the transition to knowledge-intensive agriculture.

Nowadays, the most important feature of entrepreneurship behavior is known as the form of intellectual architecture named effectuation. In this regard, current empirical research attempts to use a machine algorithm to classify the levels of effectuation thinking among rural small business owners in the field of local poultry breeding in Sistan and Baluchestan province. To this end, 191 units out of 360 were sampled and studied. The main objective of this research was to find a combination of different demographic and behavioral variables/components of entrepreneurial ecosystems affecting the classification level of effectuation among rural business owners. The research tool for measuring the research variables was a standard questionnaire that its validity and reliability were tested and confirmed. The main method of data analysis was Naive Bayes algorithm of the machine learning which was implemented using R software. The results of the classification of effectuation as the main indicator of entrepreneurial thinking showed that the variables, including prior experience, focusing on poultry breeding as the main job, capacity of the production unit, access to cooperation and market network, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, motivation, innovation in the market, human capital, and financial capital at their high levels resulted in high level of effectuation thinking. Therefore, it can be concluded that a combination of behavioral and demographic variables as well as ecosystem components can capture the entrepreneurial behavior . Based on research findings, some suggestions were proposed to develop the supportive climate of rural nascent entrepreneurs.

Endogenizing windows of opportunity in an industry can be analyzed and evaluated through using the Technological Innovation System (TIS) approach. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the functions and mechanisms needed to endogenize blockchain windows of opportunity in Iran’s banking industry. To this end, this paper employed a quantitative approach, survey research strategy, a questionnaire tool for data collection, and confirmatory factor analysis for data analysis. The sample is selected from experts who are proficient in the banking industry and blockchain technology. Findings of this study indicate that mechanisms such as internal project research by banks (knowledge creation function), increasing the diversity of actors and their interactions (knowledge diffusion function), using international platforms instead of local platforms (market orientation function), internal operational and research projects (technological entrepreneurship function), the need to determine the orientation of blockchain development by obtaining the views and needs of leading users by the Central Bank as a key player (search orientation function), removing business barriers (shaping market function), the entry of fintech companies into business development (legitimation function) are important for endogenizing blockchain windows of opportunity in Iran's banking industry.

Feeling of safety is one of the main factors of social comfort and women as part of society have significant role in developing societies and improving of human. Increasing safety using environmental design in ladies urban park in which only women are allowed can be considered an effective method. The current study was conducted to understand women safety feeling in Ladies Park and also to discover the main reasons of feeling unsafe in Sahand city in Tabriz. In addition, Islamic cultural beliefs and values were considered during this study. In this aspect, all together 125 people of park users were selected and interviewed asking questions regarding preferred physical activities, accessibility to park, perceived safety, reasons of feeling unsafe, and their recommendation to improve safety in ladies urban parks. The results of the study revealed that high-rise building around park and arid area around the park were the main issue of not feeling safe in park, meanwhile, darkness and attending men for maintenance of the park were placed in the second level of importance for unsafe perception. Also, majority of the participants declared that they like to exercise in mornings every day. It seems that development of park surrounding and providing sport facilities may enhance safety perception in ladies urban park.

Nowadays one of the most important issues in urban design is providing a valuable situation for women and fulfilling their physical, mental, social and recreational needs. Dealing with amenity issues of women and their active presence in society has necessitated the development of Ladies Parks in many Iranian cities. However, less attention has been paid to recognize women motivations to use such kind of parks and their effects on development of such spaces. Tabriz city is not exceptional among the Iranian cities. The present study aims to identify women motivations to go to Ladies Parks in Sahand, Tabriz. Using a face to face method, 120 visitors of the park were interviewed. The questions were about the reasons and motivations of women to go to the park, impacting factors on their physical health, their favorite activities and correctitude of creating Ladies Park idea. For analyzing the data, SPSS and Excel software were applied. The results of the present study showed that the main factor to motivate the women to use the Ladies Park is doing exercise and sport activities in order to reach the body fitness and weight losing. Also, some other reasons such as unemployment, loneliness, spending leisure time and visiting friends are the internal factors for using the Ladies Park by women of Sahand city. Physical development of social spaces as well as expansion of sport facilities can play an effective role in success of Ladies Parks.

Business has social, economical, and environmental consequences and it is necessary to attend the corporative social responsibility and business ethics. This study aimed to analyze the corporative social responsibility and the business ethics in the five provinces among agricultural enterprises.
This research is the descriptive-correlation research. Population of study includes all corporation managers of provinces like; Kermanshah, Fars, Zanjan, Markazi, and Kohkiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. Among all, 150 samples were selected by simple random sampling. The data were gathered by the questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using the correlation coefficient, independent t test and Kruskal Wallis test.
The results indicated that corporate social responsibility among 65.4 percent of firms were the lower than average (4.33). Also, the state of business ethics among the 52 percent of firms was the higher than average (4.32). There was the significant positive relationship between corporative social responsibility and business ethics with the age, number of staff and the work experience of firm's manager. The results showed that there was the significant difference between the average of business ethics and corporative social responsibility in terms of gender of manager, field of study of manager, location and type of business.
In corporative social responsibility, it is a priority to developing the action plans related to social and nonsocial stakeholders. Also, there is an important need for attention to price and distribution norms and obligation and disclosure norms in the business ethics.

This study aimed to investigate the role of business ethics and managers’ personal values in the corporate social responsibility among enterprises. It was conducted in the five provinces including Kermanshah, Fars, Zanjan, Markazi, and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad, among 150 agricultural enterprises which were selected through simple random sampling method. The data were gathered by the questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire was obtained through opinions of experts of business ethics and social responsibility. Measuring of its reliability was done through Cronbach's alpha and confirmatory factor analysis. After that, the data were analyzed by using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results indicated that personal values had the positive and significant effect on business ethics (R=0.2) and corporate social responsibility (R=0.12). So, effect of business ethics on corporate social responsibility is a significant direct effect (R=0.68). Based on the results, it was suggested to enhance the education about ethics among managers of enterprises through holding the courses of business ethics, corporate social responsibility, professional ethics, and standards in agriculture sector.

The present study was conducted to analyzing integration of sustainability concepts into approved outlines of compulsory specialized courses in the six agricultural disciplines in the last 20 years using mix content analysis method. Population in this analysis was all of the approved outlines of compulsory specialized courses of agricultural disciplines at the agricultural and natural resources college of university of Tehran in during 1370-90. The samples were disciplines that 1365's and 1383's outlines were available simultaneously. Therefore, 191 courses have been analyzed. The results indicated the low mean of the integration level of sustainability categories in analyzed disciplines. Environmental sustainability category has allocated the highest level of integration to itself with 3.41 percent among other categories. Hence, content of compulsory courses of analyzed disciplines have been trended toward environmental category. In addition, institutional, social and economic categories priorities have been the second to fourth respectively in integration level of sustainability concepts. Keywords: agriculture, content analysis, curriculum, sustainability, University of Tehran

The goal of this study has been the analysis of faculty members’ competencies for sustainability education. Study is descriptive-survey research. Collecting data has been conducted through questionnaire with inspiration from CSCT model. Statistical samples were 40 faculty members with less than 20 years experience at University College of Agricultural and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. Descriptive statistics was used for analyzing data. The results indicated that among faculty members’ competencies for sustainability education, highest priority refers to competency related to action. Competencies related to emotion, systems thinking, and ethics and value, have second to fourth priorities, respectively. Lowest faculty members’ competency about sustainability education has been competency related to capture sustainability knowledge. Based on the results, competency of 45 percent of faculty members for sustainability education has been below average, and competency of 47.5 percent of faculty members has been fairly high.

This study has been conducted in order to analyze the subject of lack of promotion of faculty members’ competencies for sustainability education and to present the mechanisms for improvement of problem. The method of system dynamics analysis was used because of the nature of the problem. Based on the steps of research method, a survey of faculty members with less than 20 years experience were implemented in the University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran. The causal layered analysis was used to explain research problem and formulate dynamic hypotheses. Based on the recognition of the problem, dynamic model of faculty members’ competencies for sustainability education was developed that describes and predicts the behavior of research problem by simulating for the next 20 years. The model includes eight reinforcing and four balancing feedback loops. After ensuring the validity of the model, for enhancing faculty members’ competencies, six mechanisms were elicited and tested in simulated environment in order to study their effects on the problem. Six mechanisms include: taking a compulsory course to familiarize freshman students with the basic concepts of sustainability competencies, holding educational-skill courses concerning appropriate strategies for sustainability education for faculty members, revising compulsory specialized outlines of educational disciplines, holding meetings of strategic dialogue, changing faculty members’ promotion system through taking special advantages to sustainability researches, and changing promotion system based on the educational processes.

Students need to be informed of the application of environment، community and economics attributes in their studies. Several international declarations have emphasized the promotion of knowledge and perception of sustainability concept in different levels of formal education since 1990. Accordingly، this research has focused on the assessment of graduates’ perception of sustainability concept in order to achieve the emphasized dimensions of this concept and also presents appropriate recommendations concerning improving comprehensive perception from sustainability concept among agricultural and natural resources students. To do the study، 120 graduates of Agriculture and Natural Resources College of the University of Tehran، in different disciplines، in four consecutive five years intervals، were studied using conceptual map. After the analysis of conceptual maps، it was determined that the environmental category with the highest relevance rank index was perceived by the graduates as the most relevant category of sustainability concept. Social and institutional categories have allocated the second and third ranks by them. The economic category had the lowest rank to the graduates. Low level of complexity index of conceptual maps indicated that graduates have not perceived sustainability as a complex and systemic concept and 85 percent of them had no systemic thinking concerning sustainability concept. Since 1995 onwards، graduates’ perception of environmental، social and economic categories had experienced an uptrend. Finally، it is recommended that students specialized goals and content in agricultural and natural resources educational disciplines to be revised based on multidisciplinary and applied approach with balance among different sustainability categories.

In the recent years, range management plans have played an important role in preventing rangeland degradation and improving their conditions. The principal essence of any range management plan is to involve those people who exploit the range resources, without which range management efficiency will be negligible. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate factors influencing participation of pastoralists in range management plans in Tafresh County rangelands. This study designed as a correlation-descriptive research. A sample of 55 out of 95 pastoralists in the study area were selected, using “systematic random sampling” method. The findings revealed that the extent of satisfaction of plan, stakeholders awareness, motivation for participation, extent of mass media use, effectiveness of extension methods, livestock ownership, ownership of rain-fed land, ownership of sheep and goats, number of livestock permit number, and the periods that livestock is maintained in village had positive significant correlation with the extent of participation in range management plans. In addition, extents of participation of pastoralists groups were significantly different in terms of types of plans. In conclusion, people participation should be taken into account in all stages of designing and implementing range management plans, hence the effectiveness of these plans can be guaranteed.