الهام مرادی پور

In order to find the best plant growth regulators combination and explants type on German chamomile regeneration under in vitro conditions, present study was performed. In first experiment, the effect of different benzyl amino pourin concentrations (8.8, 4.4, 2.2 and 0 µM) in combination with indole acetic acid (2.2, 1.1, 0.5 and 0 µM) on direct shoot regeneration from shoot tip explants of Isfahan genotypes were evaluated. The ANOVA results showed that the highest regeneration percentage (95.54%) and the lowest regeneration percentage (14.23) were observed on media supplemented with 4.4 µm benzyl amino pourin in combination with 2.2 µm indole acetic acid and MS free hormone respectively. The maximum mean number of shoots was obtained in on media containing benzyl amino pourin (4.4 µm) in combination with indole acetic acid (2.2 µm). In second experiment, in order to identify the optimum in vitro proliferation conditions of Matricaria Chamomilla, three various explants type (Shoot tip, Cotyledon and Hypocotyl) in different plant growth regulators combination of benzyl amino pourin (13.2, 8.8, 4.4 and 0 µM) and indole acetic acid (1.1 and 2.2 µM) were analyzed. ANOVA results revealed that highest regeneration percentage (93.87) was obtained in MS media supplemented with benzyl amino pourin (4.4 µM) and indole acetic acid  (2.2 µM) and in hypocotyl and cotyledon explants in different culture media callus were obtained. More than 90% of the regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) is a well-known medicinal plant species from Asteraceae family mentioned in 26 countries pharmacopoeia. The aim of this research is to find the best landrace, explants, hormonal combination and environmental condition for the possibility of German chamomile regeneration under in vitro conditions. In this experiment the effect of different concentrations of BAP (4.4 and 8.8µM) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) (4.4 and 8.8µM) in combination with 2.2 µm IAA were evaluated with different landraces (Isfahan, Urumia, Oshnavieh and Shahindegh). The results indicated that Isfahan landrace had the highest regeneration rate (92.48%) on media supplemented with BAP (4.4 µm) in combination with IAA (2.2 µm). The maximum mean number of shoots (25 shoots per explants) obtained in genotype landrace on media containing BAP (4.4 µm) in combination with IAA (2.2 µm). For evaluating of Basal media and plant growth regulators on rooting of regenerated shoots, MS and 1/2 MS medium with (0.5, 1 mg/l) IBA and IAA were used. Result of rooting experiment showed that maximum rooting rate (100%) was occurred on hormone free 1/2 MS medium and MS medium supplemented with 0.5 1mg/l IBA. More than 90% of the regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized and transferred to the greenhouse.