الهه انزایی

 This study aims to demonstrate the factors affecting the current development pattern of second homes, emphasizing on the role of spatial planning in the forest villages that are considered as the tourism destinations of Mazandaran province.

 This is a descriptive-analytical study carried out in nine villages of nine county of Mazandaran as tourism destinations. The statistical population consisted of 18 rural managers and 1980 rural households in the under-study villages.

 The ANOVA results showed that the institutional-political factor of social-cultural dimension, with the mean of 3.7133 had the highest effect on the current development pattern of second homes.

 As the statistical population of the present study consisted of rural managers, it was difficult to have access to the managers since they were involved in agricultural works.

 Based on the current pattern of second home development, the distribution pattern of the spatial planning of second homes was designed. In order to sustain second home development, the negative points in each step of the input, activity, short-term, and long-term consequences should be reduced or eliminated.

Since second home tourism is one of the different types of rural tourism that plays a main role in the development of rural areas, and considering the importance of second home tourism in the development of rural areas and their impact on the villagers' life, it is necessary to clarify the factors affecting second home development.  Therefore, this study aims to improve the proper distribution of spatial planning in second homes by providing a spatial planning pattern for second home development.

Examining stable agriculture and itۥs sub-systems is essential for obtaining more knowledge and information about these systems’ situation and، consequently، designing appropriate strategies and programs in moving towards stable agriculture. The main goal of this study is to examine the technological effects of modernization، renewal and consolidation of rice fields and to assess its success in terms of the above-mentioned criteria based on farmers and experts’ viewpoints. The statistical community of this research consists of two groups. The first group includes 9 villages from Gharetoghan located in central part of Neka which have undergone the mentioned project. The other group consists of the experts that the project is directly performed by them or they were responsible in the performed project. The data was collected through field study and questionnaire distributed among the 260 farmers of the area understudy and 68 experts. The findings show that there is a correlation between the farmers and experts in the effectiveness of the project in terms of technological aspect. The correlation coefficients of technological aspect are 0/641 respectively.