فهرست مطالب الهه بندلی

The aim of this study was to examine sport hero/ine’s features and barriers to achieve their status based on students’ viewpoints. 300 students participated and wrote about obstacles of achieving the status of their hero/in through answering open questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive-analytical method and using Van Dijk's theoretical model (2004) in the framework of critical discourse analysis considering macro and micro levels. In describing the sports hero/ine, the women pointed to physical, facial, and behavioral-moral traits, respectively. Also men pay more attention to behavioral-moral, faces and personalities than other traits. The frequency of describing physical, facial, and behavioral-moral traits was significantly higher than other traits. Barriers were divided into 6 classes. Based on the Proportion test, Economic, socio-cultural and personal barriers make the hero's position significantly more difficult than other barriers. Analysis according to macro level of Van Dijk square represented that emphasizing negative properties of Them has the highest frequency among other properties. Participants have used micro strategies of fallacies, victimization, generalization and lexicalization to express barriers. The variables governing the minds of participants and how they are applied in the language suggest that they create inappropriate conditions for making a pattern to be hero/ine.

The aim of this study was to identify the profile of motor competence in children and to compare the enjoyment of physical activity in different profiles of motor competence as well as different age groups.
For this purpose, 184 students in three age groups of 7-8 years, 9-10 years, and 11-12 years were studied. Actual motor competence, perceived motor competence, and enjoyment of physical activity were assessed. Hierarchical cluster analysis and factor analysis of variance were used for data analysis.
the relationship between actual and perceived motor competence was significant but the effect size was small (r = 0.197). Cluster analysis identified four profiles of motor competence: high-high (high actual and perceived motor competence), high-low (high actual motor competence and low perceived motor competence), low-high (low actual motor competence and high perceived motor competence), and low-low (low actual and perceived motor competence). The results showed that enjoyment of physical activity in the high-high and low-high groups was significantly better than in the high-low and low-low groups.
The results of this study clearly showed that regardless of actual motor competence (high or low), perceived motor competence determines the enjoyment of physical activity in children.

The purpose of this study was to determine the validity and reliability of Persian version of the Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood. This questionnaire includes two dimensions of perceived competence of locomotion skills (includes running, standing broad jump, hopping and leaping) and perceived competence of object-control skills (includes throwing, catching, kicking and bouncing). For this purpose, 184 students aged 7 to 13 years (95 girls and 89 boys) were selected and they completed a 24-item of Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire and structural validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, group differences and age differences. Results of confirmatory factorial analysis and Cronbach’s alpha showed that the Persian version of this questionnaire confirmed the two-factor structure of the initial questionnaire and it has an acceptable internal consistency. Also, the validity of this instrument was confirmed by convergent validity method (positive and significant correlation between perceived motor competence and real motor competence), age differences (higher perceived motor competence in younger children) and group differences (higher perceived motor competence of boys than girls). The Persian version of the Perceived Motor Competence Questionnaire in Childhood has acceptable validity and reliability and teachers and educators are suggested to use this questionnaire to evaluate perceived motor competence especially in middle and final childhood (7 to 13 years old).