فهرست مطالب الهه معظم

End-of-life care providers to patients in the later stages of the disease are potentially exposed to a variety of judicial, legal and professional problems. This study was to review and analyze these challenges and ways to deal with them.

In this systematic review study, some aspects of end-of-life care such as patient decision-making competence, discontinuation of life support treatments and useless or ineffective treatments and requesting death assistance with targeted search in 8 databases and reviewing 44 sources, from a legal point of view. An analysis was made.

The biggest challenges in the field of assisting in the death of patients, choosing the right person to decide in the final stages and ending the treatment were seen as useless or ineffective. In many countries, laws were enacted to discontinue life-sustaining treatments, and the process of judicial proceedings was to accept the requests of patients or their alternative representatives. Gradually, more and more countries have legalized end-of-life assistance in terms of conditional assistance.

The legal challenges to end-of-life and how to deal with it vary in different societies and legal intervention in end-of-life lawsuits be avoided as much as possible.

End of Life Care (EOL) and End-Stage Patients Care (ED) is usually presented in an environment full of a variety of emotional and moral challenges, the recognition of them can improve the quality of EOL services.

In this narrative review, ethical aspects of EOL sucs as diagnosing the time of death or the final stage of the disease, patient's autonomy, the use of life sustaining treatments, and assisted dying were reviewed in 8 databases and 45 sources.

Uncertainty is a principle in determining the proximity of the death or the final stage of a disease. In EOL, autonomy is limited, and some consider other moral principles, such as beneficence and justice, to be more important. Withholding of life sustaining treatments, especially in our country, is more moral and religious acceptance than withdrawing it. Approach different medically assisted dying varies in nations, and there are various moral justifications for accepting or denying it.

Ethical issues in EOL are complex in nature, and are intertwined with individual attitudes, religious beliefs, and social conditions. Proper communication between the patient, family members, and clinicians is the most important factor in preventing and resolving EOL challenges.

Improving the attitudes and behaviors of society with the aim of altering wrong beliefs has effect on increasing organ donation after brain death. This research aimed to assess the attitudes and behaviors about organ donation in Isfahan.
This is a descriptive study. A sample-size of 975 over 15 years-old people in Isfahan was selected from 10 city are as by the method of random stratified sampling. The data collecting tool was a self-made questionnaire about attitudes and behavior. The data was analyzed by SPSS-17 software using independent samples t-test and variance analysis and the significance level was considered less than 0.05.
Findings: The present study suggests that; the mean of attitudes score was 63.8±6 in participants and the mean of behavior score was 0.74 ± 0.2 (out of 1) which seems desirable. There was correlation between gender and attitude and also between behavior and educational level. (p This study suggests that, the attitudes and behavior toward organ donation in Isfahan is moderate. Due to the fact that the attitude was higher in people who had desirable behavior we can increase the donation rate and consequently the rate of transplantation rate by using public education in the community and fostering positive attitudes.

The topic of organ donation is the most notable sign of combining medicine and clinical service with people''s insight and beliefs. To plan a key for expanding the culture of organ donation in society، the information and awareness of people from Isfahan (Isfahanians)، Iran، were investigated in this research. Performing a descriptive research on the studied population، a sample of 975 Isfahanians over 15 years old of age was taken via the method of random stratified sampling. Data collecting tool was a self-made questionnaire in 2 sections of background information and awareness questions. Data were analyzed via SPSS17 software using independent sample t and analysis of variance tests. Of 975 participants in the research، 51 (52. 9%) 6 were women and 459 (47. 7%) were men، with the mean age of 30. 45 ± 5. 12 years. The mean awareness score about organ donation was 5. 3 ± 2. 2، about average noting the groupings. In addition، the distribution of classification frequencies of people''s awareness state showed that، most of the participants had average awareness about organ donation. Besides، observing the effective factors on awareness state of participants about organ donation، factors such as gender، age، marital status and occupational state did not have donation noticeable effect on awareness of the people about organ donation (P > 0. 050); on the other hand، education level and income state were effective on the level of their awareness (P < 0. 050). The awareness of Isfahanian society about organ donation is about decent to average. Besides، according to role of the media in acquainting، it seems that media is one of the most important tools in increasing people''s awareness.