فهرست مطالب الیاس مودت

Rural houses are more at risk of disaster damage due to poor infrastructure and socio-cultural inequalities, as well as due to less attention from governmental organizations, so the issue of disaster resilience is an important issue in rural communities. In this article, an attempt has been made to deal with the effects of disaster such as waterfloods on rural houses adjacent to the wetland. Sarakhieh village located in Shadegan wetland, Khuzestan province, which due to the local architecture of village houses and their livelihood, which depends on the wetland, has become a tourist village that has suffered a lot of damage in the flood of 2018-2019. It has affected the livelihood and way of life of the villagers. Therefore, in this research, the authors try to investigate the factors promoting resilience in Sarakhieh tourist village by relying on the field method and also to simulate floods using “Flow 3D software” with “LES turbulence model”. By field survey and surveys of village maps, eight types of houses were harvested in this village, which were simulated with different angles to the wetland and different distances from each other. Also, Tecplot 360 software was used to analyze the simulation and the results showed that the most suitable body What is the texture of the village against the flood? In addition, the authors believe that by improving the texture and quality of roads and also creating a center for natural crisis management, providing solutions appropriate to the conditions of the village can return the village to normal immediately after the crisis and thus facilitate the flow of tourism.

The issue of poverty is not only one of the most important issues in the world but also one of the most important internal issues and problems of all societies, both rich and poor. In such a situation, the direction of the physical development of the city (its shape) is somehow affected by the phenomenon of urban poverty. Meanwhile, having a comprehensive study on the effects of poverty on urban morphology seems necessary. For this purpose, the current study was compiled to investigate and measure the impact of poverty on urban morphology in the Ahvaz metropolis. This research is applied-theoretical in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature and method. In the current research, considering the nature of the hypotheses and the type of variables, the methods available in descriptive statistics such as absolute frequency distribution tables and mean, were used to examine and compare the information collected through the questionnaire, and in the inferential statistics section, the structural equation method (SEM) was used. Finally, SPSS and EQS software were used to analyze and apply these tests. The findings of this study show that the most influential and meaningful research indicators are related to the dimensions of legal problems with a mean of (3.74), geographical isolation and the number of involved decision-making institutions with a mean of (3.62). Each of them has had the greatest impact on the variable under study. In the next stage, economic activities with (3.04) and employment with (3.07), have had the least impact on the studied variable. The results of the structural equations indicate that there is a significant relationship between the components of urban poverty and the components of the physical-spatial structure of urban morphology; Therefore, carrying out the necessary measures, requires serious attention and a quick and logical plan of managers and urban and regional planners.

Population growth and the expansion of settlements in high-risk region, especially in developing countries is increasing. In urban areas, the normal effects of natural disasters may not be so damaging but when it comes to human societies and human knowledge Become a natural crisis - a technological one Includes a combination of physical injuries and urban dysfunction.considering the location of Ilam province in terms of seismicity and lack of proper location of its settlements and its location on active faults,identify region unfavorable for earthquake hazard and prevent the establishment of human settlements in these areas is essential to reduce risks in the future which can be mentioned as the most important goal of this research.

The present study has studied the safety of urban planning with the consideration of safety principles.the research a applied developmental approach and a combination research method (descriptive, analytical, and field).

The have been used to analyze by GIS, Grafer, VISIO, SPSS and TOPSIS models.the results show that average vulnerability caused by earthquakes between (0 and 1) in Ilam province, against 0/4 percent.Dehloran urban region has the highest earthquake vulnerability in the physical index among all of the province's cities.also in terms of study; the amount of TOPSIS achieved In this region is 0/6 percent more and the Shirvan region had the lowest level of 0/11 percent.

The application of passive defensive principles and measures as a set of precautions, unarmed actions, and non-violent designs in human settlements such as villages reduces vulnerability and increases the capacity of rural settlements to cope with natural and man-made threats. Therefore, rural housing and infrastructure are the most important physical elements of rural areas that require fundamental attention. The purpose of this article is to establish a relationship between the form of housing and rural infrastructure with passive defensive principles, and to attempt to identify and rank various non-military defense elements within the Yaseh Chai rural defense system in order to understand how defense and defensive architecture affect its physical form, and ultimately ensure the sustainability of the rural area against critical conditions. The methodology of this research is a combination of two descriptive-analytical and survey methods, by a practical development approach, using a questionnaire as a tool. The data analysis was carried out using software such as GRAPHER, VISIO, SPSS, and other statistical programs, while VIKOR technique was used for ranking the criteria. Based on the results obtained from the VIKOR modeling, the spatial analysis of the architectural and urban structure of Yaseh Chai village is based on non-operational defense criteria, such as "hiding the village's appearance with local materials" and "predicting the stair-shaped form of houses to reduce damage caused by the destruction of houses" as well as "suitable village location based on suitable and fertile soil for agriculture, horticulture and farming to provide for the economic needs of the inhabitants." These factors have received the highest scores, while factors such as "predicting mosques and Husseiniyahs in the village as emergency shelters" and "controlling the entry and exit of houses by distinguishing between public and private areas in the space of the houses" have received the lowest scores. Also, among the principles of passive defense, the "appropriate location of Yaseh Chai village" had the greatest impact and "shelter prediction" had the least effect on the formation of housing form and village fabric.

‎ Police continued presence and active role in establishing security and peace in the cities. Of course, ‎the presence of qualitative and quantitative standard can also be affected by the police force. Therefore ‎police equitable distribution centers in urban areas is an important factor for the realization of basic ‎needs (security) services. Based on the nature of the research is necessary to study the issue of ‎development - and its applications combination of library, field, is descriptive analysis. Since the main ‎objective standard review and arbitrary the police force and its role in of crime (time - place) is also ‎combined with other effective measures in this regard, to examine the issue. Statistics / mathematics and ‎numerous applications are required. The most important of these tools include ArcGIS, SPSS, TOPSIS, ‎VIKOR, Moran, Antropy is. The statistical community police centers in of Ahvaz metropolitan area ‎encompasses eight municipalities. The results show that per capita users of police in the city of of ‎Ahvaz User is 0.042 square meters per capita is less than the standard (1) square meters. And in this ‎section we are facing a shortage of services in the amount of 950,995.46 square meters. Based on the ‎results VIKOR model used in of Ahvaz logic Metropolis is a city in place a sustainable development. ‎And in last place in the Region 2 City development is located. It should be noted Metropolis of Ahvaz ‎Studies rise in crime in relation to sustainable urban development is evaluated on the basis of relevant ‎indicators. Also according to the standard deviation of theft a sharp angle extends to south-western ‎Northeast, Because the focus of the of crime in the southwestern part of the station 15, 19, 27 and 33.‎

The existence of an industry in the city can be effective in creating a suitable image. The tourism industry in the third millennium is one of the clean industries that has become one of the world's most prosperous and lucrative industries. As a result, it is possible to use this industry to create urban branding, the historical context of Dezful is one of the essential parts of the city's identity, and its emergence follows information from climatic and cultural structures. For many cities, this shift in attitudes toward the urban texture and the formation of the urban brand will emphasis on the tourism industry as the engine of economic growth and, consequently, the social and physical revitalization of the city's historical texture.The historical texture of Dezful is the primary core of urban formation and is a major part of the history and background of Dezful. It has historical and functional elements such as Dezful Bazaar and green tombs, etc. Therefore, it is intended to identify the indicators of the historical context through the branding of the tourism industry with the prosperity of the texture and as a brand to offer tourism to revive the urban texture as a helper of the city economy in the development goals of the tourism industry. So, using the potential of urban potential in order to preserve and develop the urban environment is a task that is a part of the responsibility of urban planners and designers.Based on the necessity of the subject, the general purpose of the research is to study the tourism branding of the historical texture and how to use the modeling approach to study the subject in Dezful. In this regard, the present research has been done to answer this question:- How is it possible to identify tourism branding in Dezful with a modeling approach? And considering the three main economic, social and cultural dimensions influencing the historical findings of Dezful, what are the most important influential variables?

In general, the present study has a development-applied approach with a combined research method (library, field, descriptive and analytical). It should be noted that this research has been used to model the Prometheus technique and also to complete the analysis of the findings using the following software:GRAFER, EQS, EXCEL, VPLS, and AMOS-SPSS for statistical and quantitative analysis; Pherafer and VISIO, for preparing diagrams and graphical drawing of data; VPAPRO, to run the Prometheus model.Based on the information collected, tourism branding in three commercials (economic), sociological and cultural dimensions is the city's historical context in 28 neighbourhoods.

Based on modeling analysis, the weakest indicators (1-), District C17 (Qala neighborhood) of Dezful city. Also, neighbourhood C22 (Lorian neighborhood) is statistically close to Qaleh neighborhood. District C12 (Seyed Mahmoud) of Dezful city is at the top of urban tourism branding network and in front of it, district C17 (castle) of Dezful city is the lowest network structure. Therefore, in three dimensions of commercials, sociological and cultural, Seyed Mohammad neighbourhood can be used as a model in the tourism industry.In Dezful branding design, the space is not a page that has a set of factors. Rather, indicators and neighbourhoods function linearly. In this line, C12 neighbourhood is linearly included in this design. Also, neighbourhoods C23,18,1,27,9,10 of Dezful city on one euclidean page and neighbourhoods C16,26,13,14,12 on one page and neighbourhoods C11, 25,17,15,19 on another page and in finally, the neighbourhoods C8,21,14,2,5 are on the page where the most or in other words the decision criteria are located (red line). Therefore, according to this plan, only C12 neighbourhoods have the most brands.

The texture of Dezful city is composed of two parts, modern and organic texture, and it seemed that this ancient texture was out of order and took the city away from the ideal of sustainable development, or that all the potentials of the ancient texture were not used. To revive the sustainable development of Dezful, the main elements of the historical texture of Dezful in the form of 28 neighbourhoods in terms of tourism branding (infrastructure, environment, commercial elements, cultural elements, historical elements) in three dimensions of commercial, cultural, and sociological as influential factors. This brand was examined through the Prometheus model and based on that, Seyed Mahmoud neighbourhood got the highest score in this ranking and the sociological index was recognized as the best brand. Therefore, 1- Cultural route with different perspectives and 2- Transformation of disabled spaces into space of gathering places in these neighbourhoods can be considered in such a way that by forming tourist routes full of natural landscapes with cultural contexts that suitable for exercise and leisure. These routes should be such that tourists can use the different potentials of the tissue. Such as cultural walks with the challenge of location or commercial stores with the development of sports investment. The turning disabled spaces into gathering places for ceremonies or cultural and artistic centers, such as cultural and commercial complexes, art and architecture colleges or anthropological museums, etc.

The resilience of urban systems as the best form of human habitation has significant environmental impacts, and the promotion of sustainability and resilience in cities and human settlements is a priority; The resilience of a city and how it measures in cities is important. However, despite the significant advances made in recent years in this field, Existing methods for measuring resiliency city, Only to analyze it for specific disorders, or from the perspective of resilience engineering. Based on the necessity of this research, using PROMETHEE modeling, the first step was to identify the basics of earthquake crisis management, and in the next step, Ilam analyzed the statistical analysis. It should be noted that the current research is a developmental-applied approach and research method is a combination of methods (descriptive, analytical, library and field). Also, for the analysis and drawing of GRAFER, EQS, EXCEL and ArcGIS, VPLS and AMOS-SPSS software, other applications have been used. The results of the research have shown based on GAIA layout only areas 12, 3, 8, 5 and 6 are the most resilience city than other areas. And in terms of the three criteria indexation of facilities and equipment, green space and transportation in the city of Ilam, this space has been created. Also based on a resilient network pattern phi rate positive area 12 Ilam 0.81% and the amount of phi the negative is 19/0. Finally, based on the low ranking of the PROMETHEE model area 12 Ilam in 0/6231 percent the most resilient and area 9 Ilam in -0/4306 percent the most vulnerable urban area.

Stable expansion with emphasis on stable urban expansion in recent decades in the common theoretical and scientific literature on urban planning has imperceptible changed into a modern and predominant paradigm. Stable expansion is the expansion that can without any destruction or damage to providing the needs and wants of future generations, provide the needs of the present generation. A city has Stable expansion that has a stable urban economy, stable urban society and stable urban environment along with maintain the ecosystem, that these factors are the circumstances of a stable economic expansion. Developmental-applied is the essence of the present study and also in terms of research method is expressive-ratiocinative. Information of industrial, maintenance and agricultural actions have been analyzed in 1395 by comparison. Moreover, the information of economic areas through (LQ) spatial coefficient and representative graphical with three elements of state economy, economy of city of Dezful and comparison between two fabric of the city have been assessed. through analyzing the economics of stable expansion of Dezful in terms of spatial coefficient, which comprises essential and non-essential occupation, Recommendations have been provide to enhance the rates and coefficients of the city economic. Along with the increase of these two components, the measure of occupation will increase too, which leads to a stable economy finally, and we reach to non-essential occupation by deliberating the economy of city of Dezful according to state criteria along the old and modern fabric of Dezful which leads to failure the city economy and eventually, it takes the city away from stable expansion. To resolve this issue, two scenarios of consumption pattern and constant resources productivity are provided that help to stable urban expansion.

An earthquake, though a natural phenomenon that can be very destructive, But urban planning and management can play an important role in the damage it poses. Today, risk analysis is one of the basic needs for planning in general and urban planning in particular. From the perspective of many researchers, urban regeneration is one of the most important issues for sustainability. It serves as a way to strengthen communities by using their capacities. From the issue of choice in the city of Ilam, Ilam is located in the Zagros zone. So that the Zagros area has the highest earthquake with magnitude 4 to 4/5 richter has. According to the necessity of this research, a combination of methods (descriptive, exploratory, surveying, and analytical). In terms of the nature of research, it has a developmental-applied approach in line with the overall objective of urban spatial management planning research from the perspective of resilience is a city of Ilam. Based on the VIKOR statistical statistic, Bootstrap and Bootstrap simulation have been used. Visio, Grafer, SPSS, MINITAB and GIS software have been used to complete the research. Results of the findings were based on Bootstrap simulation and based on the 196 cells studied, distributed among 14 urban districts; The minimum residual cell in the city of Ilam has been around 0.07 percent. Therefore, the dispersion and status of the Ilam city variables can not be confirmed at urban confidence level of 95%. Based on the VIKOR model of the 4th region, the least resiliency and the region of 2 is the highest Ilam city resilience. Also, the regression model calculations have shown that the applied model is a good predictor of the urban regression variable. Because the significance of the present study is less than 0.05.

Space is the main element in creating social events. So, with the configuration of spaces and matching them we can perceive the spatial structure of the city, neighborhood, community, etcetera. The pattern of connection of spaces and associating them gives us different choices of spaces or streets to pass through. It reminds us that the street network is an element of the urban persistent infrastructure and somehow forms the social interaction and behavior. The old urban structures are part of the historical and cultural heritage of the cities and have a great value although with their organic street network they evoke a kind of confusion. Whilst in the past they carried their own semantic and identity values in turn, today they contain decrepit buildings, lost spaces, dark corners, step-backs and so on which is mainly the product of space configuration. This condition has provided the context for the occurrence of possible crimes and insufficient psychological security, or in other words, the creation of defenseless urban spaces. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical. Desk research has been used to organize the theoretical foundations of the paper, and the Depth Map and the GIS software as well as field observations have been used to analyze the data. As a result, it seems that by geometrical correction of the route axes (including the main structure of the neighborhood) and other organic streets and providing efficient access, it is possible to improve the movement of people. Moreover, by producing lively activities the Qatarchian neighborhood can escape desolation and survive.

The city of Dezful, especially its old tissues, is very important owing to its location in Khuzestan boundary province; moreover, during the eight years of sacred defense, the city has suffered many damages. Investigating and evaluating the internal and external state of Dezful old text makes it possible to present strategies based on the principles of passive defense to create a sense of security. This research seeks to answer this question: "What are the solutions for improving the old textures of Dezful based on passive defense principles?" In this regard, the research method used is based on the nature of deductive-a posteriori methods and adaptive study method. ArcGIS and Expert Choice softwares were applied and SWOT and AHP techniques were combined to scale the vulnerability. The strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Dezful worn out textures have been investigated and strategies have been presented that are in accordance with the principles of passive defense. The results of the research show that defense strategies are more important than other strategies. Strategies with a weight of more than 0.05 include ten cases, the most important of which are the location of sensitive users with a weight of 0.082 and the improvement of infrastructure networks with a weight of 0.081, and the remaining strategies have a weighing less value. Therefore, there are some solutions for the top ten strategies at the end of the research.

Urban tourism is a term that describes various tourism activities in which the city is the main destination and desired location. Today, the tourism industry as one of the top industries is growing and developing rapidly. Despite the rich resources and tourism opportunities in Iran, little attention is paid to the tourism industry. Since sustainable development is referred to as a steady stream, economic, cultural and social changes to increase the level of environmental well-being of society, which seeks unity in economic, socio-cultural and environmental issues. Sustainable development is a development that can meet the needs of the present generation without destroying or damaging the needs and wants of future generations. The historical context of Dezful is one of the most important parts of the city's identity and its origin follows information from climatic and cultural structures. Urban areas, which in the past were prominent places for production, have now become centers of consumption. For many cities, this shift in attitude leads to an emphasis on the tourism industry as the engine of economic growth and, consequently, to the social and physical revitalization of the old urban fabric. The old texture of Dezful, by including the old market of the city and including historical elements, not only did not help the sustainable economy of the city, but as an inefficient part of the city away from sustainable development. In fact, sustainable urban tourism is a new approach in revitalizing these spaces, so in the nature of the present research is developmental-applied and in terms of research method (descriptive-analytical-library-field) through the VIKOR and AHP techniques to study and recognize the elements of tourism. The 28 neighborhoods of Dezful texture were studied and based on the level of desirability, dissatisfaction and VIKOR index; we reached the final ranking for the old texture neighborhoods of Dezful. The purpose of this ranking is to better and more accurately identify the study area to measure and optimize the route of tourism.

As one of the most destructive earthquakes in the world and threatening the destruction of human life - the environment is. And damage caused by its dimensions (physical, social , etc.) realize that modern urban living style and the most vulnerable in the world to be . But this natural phenomenon itself and the potential damage in any location cannot be. Preparation and careful planning, but also to determine the degree of damage control can determine the degree of reduction of the earthquake disaster is an undesirable outcome. The physical and social dimensions of the issue is about double the damage of the earthquake will be necessary. The study of the nature of "development - applied" research "descriptive - analytical" The city has investigated the matter. And the only means of determining damages arising from the information and quantitative methods - is significant, this study using 117 variables and uses techniques SMART-Entropy, PDF, KS and GIS, and Software Excel and SPSS software to zoning and earthquake damage assessment studies. The general index of the 117 in the urban area of Yazd region 2 SMART-Entropy, 578/0 of the region's most vulnerable city against earthquake risk is. And the risk model , the one with the PDF has the lowest rate of 39% in the three cities of Yazd and KS incidence rate due to having a concrete and metal building materials, by far the lowest mortality rate man in the city when the earthquake.concrete and metal building materials, by far the lowest mortality rate man in the city when the earthquake.

Biophilic refers to the idea that humans are inseparably limited and drawn to nature. In order to ‎function properly, we need to connect with other living things. A biophilic city is a city that integrates ‎natural features into its designs. Such places provide citizens with a variety of opportunities to interact ‎and experience nature in their daily lives, whether it is a conscious choice to go to a greenhouse or a ‎park, or just passing by a building with ivy in the center. And they experience it literally. In ‎the present study, analytical-descriptive method has been used to achieve the goals and answer the ‎research questions. In order to conduct this research, in two documentary and field methods, ‎information has been prepared, analyzed and combined. In that city, the biophilic is examined at three ‎levels of building, neighborhood and city. The components of green space, urban farms and water-‎sensitive features are examined. And based on two biophilic approaches (direct and indirect use of ‎nature) and according to the research findings, we come to the important dimensions of the city and ‎the design elements of the biophilic city. The river and water resources have been reached and based ‎on them, a proposal has been proposed for the revitalization and development of the biophilic city of ‎Dezful.‎

As cities are expanding as the best form of human habitation, and every day, more urban breakdowns occur in communities, increasing the resilience is a major concern for cities. The resilience in the context of crisis management can be seen as the birth of a new culture to respond to disasters. The city of Ilam has also been considered as a high risk city due to its location in the Zagros region. In today's changing world, natural disasters, based on socio-physical characteristics, have different implications for human societies. Of course, despite the tremendous advances in technology and the achievements it has been impossible for centuries, man is still helpless against unexpected natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, and so on(Agudelo and Claudia, 2012). And sometimes it leads to human and financial damage (Folke, 2010). Therefore, on the other hand, the vulnerability of different groups of people living in the squatters of the city varies depending on the level of their life and their social and economic status. Therefore, the resilience is not the only result of the risk of the regions, but also the result of physical, socioeconomic and political processes, and the accident is a final condition that results from these processes. Regarding the approaches and theories, people are not vulnerable to natural disasters because of the proximity to the place of occurrence of the risk factors, but their social and economic conditions also increase and decrease. The city of Ilam, like other major cities of the country has urban instability in its physical, economic, social and environmental dimensions. The objective consideration of these problems is mountainous region, borderline situation, strategic sensitive conditions and the possibility of vulnerability caused by it, although itself, due to crisis management considerations, necessitated the formation of some biotechnologies during the forties in Ilam (Mavedat, 2018).

The method of the present study is a combination of methods (descriptive, exploratory, survey and analytical). It should be noted that the research has a practical-developmental approach.The statistical population of the research is all urban areas of Ilam in the form of 14 urban districts. Data analysis was performed using HMR models and factor analysis using KMO and Bartlett's test as RAFA model. It should be noted that SmartPLS, Grafer, SPSS, ArcGIS, Visio, EXCEL have been used to output data.

The city of Ilam is located on 45 minutes and 47 degrees east longitude and 15 minutes and 34 degrees north latitude. According to the Bureau of Statistics and Information Office of Ilam Governorate, the population of his city was 213579 in 2014 distributed in the form of 52474 households. Among the 21,357 people in Ilam, 50.66 percent (10,800) are men and 49.33 percent are women (105,379). It should also be noted that the city of Ilam has four urban areas and 14 urban areas.The RAFA[1] model is adopted as a combination of two factor analysis models and a hierarchical weight regression model. The factor analysis, first proposed by Thorston in 1931, is a method used in two ways to reduce the number of variables and discover the structure of relationships between variables; and the hierarchical regression model is more often used in correlation research with the aim of predicting several dependent variables from one or more independent variables.Based on the correlation matrix:- The highest negative correlation among total variables of city Ilam volatility is the cultural factor with the rate of 517.0%.- The RAFA model is a combination of two models of factor analysis and hierarchical weight regression model.According to the calculations made regarding the resilience of Ilam city, the value of Bartlett's test was equal to (0.000) and the value of KMO test was equal to (0.203).Ilam city resilience Based on factor analysis method, only 4 factors have been able to play a key role in Ilam city resilience.Of these variable factors, the population of the areas of Ilam city alone is 5

The present study was carried out with a quantitative research approach in the city of Ilam. According to the results of the study, two factors of urban area and residential use had the most impact on Ilam’s vibrational calibration. The results of the study showed two factors area and residential land use. It had the greatest impact on the resilience rating of Ilam city. The most positive correlation in all variables is the factor of urban facilities and infrastructure with a rate of 0.8 percent. Also, Bartlett's test was equal to 0.000 and the KMO test was equal to 0.203, which indicates that the data were suitable for factor analysis in the areas and the subject of urban sustainability. And only four factors have been able to play a major role in alleviating the city of Ilam, and among these variables, the population of the districts of Ilam alone has a 51.5% role.

Cities are vulnerable places in times of natural and man-made crises because of their human, social and economic capital. Crisis management and passive defense topics provide guidelines and criteria with a view to identifying the vulnerabilities and how to reduce and manage them. One of the solutions to consider is to find the right location for each other at the city level.The history of the imposed war, the flood and earthquake disasters in recent years are a strong reminder of the lack of focus on crisis management and passive defense. Therefore, the present study, considering the indices associated with these two topics in Ahwazmetropolis, has determined the ranking of eight urban areas. This study is applied in terms purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of methodology. How to collect data is the use of existing library studies and statistics that have been analyzed using the multicriteria decision making method, VIKOR modeling andShannon Entropy weighting in EXCEL software. GIS software was also used to graphically represent S, R and Q indices.Finally, according to the analysis, zones 3, 1 and 8 were considered as the most suitable areas for urban safe spaces construction and zones 5 were considered as the most inappropriate.

Given the importance of tourism it is composed of a wide range of options; This is only part of a country's industry and Many countries have prompted a major investment in this sector pay. As a result of what this industry is of great importance to the stability, Because the tourism industry without careful planning and attention to the potential ecological, climatic and environmental problems for each region and tourists will follow. Research and development approach - a combination of operational and research methods (athletics, library, descriptive and analytical) To determine the potential climate comfortable tourism Yazd province is the issue. Which refer to the statistical data of meteorological years 1981 - 2011, including temperature, precipitation, sunshine, humidity and wind speed has been prepared. To analyze the necessary software such as ArcGIS, SPSS, EXCEL, Convert and Grapher is applied; The results show that in addition to achieving the objectives of the study, Yazd province a lot of diversity in all climatic conditions and the balance of performance and comfortable the various influences on tourism. So that only two months during the year had the best comfortable Only three of the 10 city Abarkooh, Khatam and Taft a year than any other city in terms more appropriate to have the tourist reception.

 From the point of view of crisis management, Resilience, One of the most important issues is to achieve sustainability. Indeed, it is a way of strengthening communities by using their capacities. The issue of choice in the city of Ilam is located in the Ilam city of Zagros. In terms of seismic state, it is in a dangerous position. So that the Zagros are a has the highest earthquake with magnitude 4 to 4/5 richter has. Based on the importance of the subject, the present study is based on a developmental-applied approach and a combination of descriptive-analytical research methods, Thus, with the field studies of the 14 areas of Ilam and referring to the relevant organizations, the required information has been compiled from two physical-social dimensions. Finally, data analysis with spatial statistics theory and GRAFER, EQS,EXCEL and ArcGIS, VPLS and AMOS-SPSS software were used. The results of the research have shown that, based on the results of the Ilam earthquake classification, vulnerable areas are classified in seven classes. According to the results, zone 2 of area 4 and area 2 of area 3 respectively at a confidence level of 99% and 90% as the cold and hot spatial areas of the city of Ilam, there is a degree of volatility and vulnerability. And based on the results of the Z-Score, which is equal to 586.5%, there is probably less than 1% of the radiation in the city of Ilam.

The key characteristic of resilience as a tool is to provide the best scale and method for intervention achieve maximum profit and minimum cost to show. The key characteristic of resilience as a tool is to provide the best scale and method for intervention Reaching the maximum profit and spending the least money. Therefore, urban planning plays a vital role in shaping resilient cities. This requires strategic planning and good urban form to accommodate the issue. From the point of view of crisis management, Resilience, One of the most important issues is to achieve sustainability. Indeed, it is a way of strengthening communities by using their capacities. The issue of choice in the city of Ilam is located in the Ilam city of Zagros. In terms of seismic state, it is in a dangerous position. So that the Zagros area has the highest earthquake with magnitude 4 to 4/5 richter has.  The city of Ilam is first considered as the best place for human gathering and the other as the city most vulnerable to natural disasters in order to mitigate the effects of these catastrophic disasters.Therefore, based on the necessity of the subject, the city of Ilam is located in the Zagros zone. Seismically, Ilam is in a dangerous position. The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of resilience in two social-physical dimensions of the 14 districts of Ilam.

  Based on the necessity of the subject, the overall purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of spatial statistics approach to investigate the issue of urban resilience caused by earthquakes in Ilam. This can be used to increase the confidence rating of resilience areas. That is to say, in terms of spatial statistics, the reduction of the error coefficient and the presentation of confidence intervals by increasing the volume of variables.For statistical analysis of spatial statistics it is necessary to consider a statistical model. A random field is usually considered as a statistical model for spatial data.[├ Z (S): S∈D⊑R ^ d; d≥1] ┤ Is where D is the set of transition indexes. Each random field can be parsed as follows: Z (S) = µ (S) + δ (S)  Where µ (S) is the large scale change or trend and δ (S) is the small scale change or random field error process. It is noteworthy that if the finite distribution of any finite number of random variables of a field has a normal distribution , Will be the Gaussian random field. If the mean of the random field is constant and does not depend on the position, that is, E ({Z (S)) and the variance of the expression It is only a function of the distance of the positions, then they are called the random field of the second order. Also, the transform and change functions are always conditional negative and always positive, respectively. In addition to the value of h, the variogram depends on its direction. In other words, only a function of the size of the distance h means | h | = | S_i-S_j |, they are called (or random field) isotropic.Based on the importance of the subject, the present study is based on a developmental-applied approach and a combination of descriptive-analytical research methods, Thus, with the field studies of the 14 areas of Ilam and referring to the relevant organizations, the required information has been compiled from two physical-social dimensions. Finally, data analysis with spatial statistics theory and GRAFER, EQS, EXCEL and ArcGIS, VPLS and AMOS-SPSS software were used.

 Figure 1- Overall Resilience Pattern of Ilam City Based on Qi Ranking- Based on the above model: Value is 0.227%. This indicates an inappropriate distribution and random pattern in Ilam.Figure 2- Land Use Resilience Distribution of Ilam City As mentioned, the estimation of spatial statistics, based on the Kriging interpolation method, is a process by which the value of one quantity at a point with known coordinates can be used to determine the value of the same quantity at other points with known coordinates. Achieved. Kriging is based on weighted moving averages and can be called the best linear estimator. In this method different fitting patterns are used to estimate the resilience rate in the city, then the higher accuracy model is used as a suitable model for mapping the resilience zoning. Kriging methods are based on the variogram definition and the success of the method depends on the selection of the appropriate or optimal variogram model and the variogram is used to determine and describe the spatial structure of the data. Variography is the first step in modeling spatial structure for use in kriging. In this case, we have the following: 
Figure 3- Pattern of social resilience in Ilam city areas A variogram is used to determine and describe the spatial structure of the data. Variography is the first step in modeling spatial structure for use in kriging. The variogram is calculated by the following relation: In the above relation: (h) γˆ: The value of the variogram for the number of N sample pairs separated by h step or Lag distance, and z (xi + h) Also, the values the x-area variables are at points i and i + h.- Based on the results, the value was 5.58%. That is probably less than 1 percent of resilience in the city of Ilam. In other words, less than 1% of the elements studied can play a role in resilience of Ilam.

 The results of the research have shown that, based on the results of the Ilam earthquake classification, vulnerable areas are classified in seven classes. According to the results, zone 2 of area 4 and area 2 of area 3 respectively at a confidence level of 99% and 90% as the cold and hot spatial areas of the city of Ilam, there is a degree of volatility and vulnerability. And based on the results of the Z-Score, which is equal to 586.5%, there is probably less than 1% of the radiation in the city of Ilam.
Accordingly, to the research, the characteristics of resilient communities can be summarized as follows:Internal Independence: Able to operate independently of external control.Strength: The ability to withstand attacks or other external forces.Interdependent: with related system components, so that they support one another.
Compatibility: The capacity to learn from experiences and the flexibility to change. In this case, we have the following:Cooperation or Cooperation: Many opportunities and incentives for stakeholder engagement.

Each city’s environment and geographic location express the kind of human relationship amongst the citizens. The geographic location of the city which accomodates its infrastructure could be an impairment by itself. Therefore, the spatial distribution of elements, their combination, and the main functions of the city, which form the city's structure, play an important role in the vulnerability of the city to various calamities, particularly threats. Therefore, based on the necessity, the subject of this research which has a developmental-applied nature is to study the passive defense approach in the socio-physical pathology of Ahwaz city using the VIKOR model. It should be noted that this study incorporates a combination of research approaches namely, analytical and descriptive methods, and field and library researches for data preparation, extraction and analysis. The results obtained by VIKOR show the average value of urban crisis vulnerability of Ahwaz to be (0.30)%, the highest and lowest values being (0.97)% and (0.007)% respectively belonging to the area named as Zone 2 of Ahwaz city. City management and urban development are essential for the safety of the city because different locations in the city have different resistance and strength in case of any crisis.

One of the topics of interest to urban planners issue "safety planning" cities is that one of the most basic assumptions of the international community for human-centered planning. Reducing vulnerability to natural hazards analysis and critical areas and wide in the sphere of planning and crisis management has become. The need for this study using spatial statistics simulation Bootstrap and COPRAS to the issue of urban vulnerability (VI) in the city of Yazd. The study has a developmental approach – Applications And a combination of research methods (library, athletics and analytical - descriptive). As well as the analysis of data from applications EQS, PLS, Grafer, Excel and GIS have been used. The results show that in the area of the vulnerability of building physical variables - variable frame buildings with an area of 100 to 200 square meters not have any distribution and dispersion. They suggest that the vulnerability of mean index in the urban of Yazd The variables of living in social vulnerability lowest coefficient of dispersion and habitat variables included in the group. The results are weighted in relation to the areas with the use of simulators have gained more confidence. As the city of Yazd using BootStrap gained confidence 95/0. And the results of the three regions COPRAS techniques that amount, respectively, in 0/85, 0/0, and 87/0% As the number two, three and one Vulnerability (SoVI & SBVI) are located.

Nowadays, about half of the population of the earth live in urban areas, and this rapid trend of urbanization has created a number of physical, social, and environmental challenges, resulting in a reduction in viability levels. The viable city is considered as a bridge between the past and the future. The viable city is a city fighting any sort of wasting natural resources and resources that must be maintained for the use of future generations. Therefore, the viable city is also a sustainable city. In other words, it can be said that viability involves a healthy and safe urban system with a good level of access to urban services, providing high quality of life and an attractive environment for the citizens, following a number of basic principles. Accordingly, the current study utilizes a developmental and applicable approach to evaluate this subject matter in the Metropolitan City of Ahvaz, using a combination of descriptive/analytical and field study methods. It is worth mentioning that in order to analyze the obtained data, statistical software applications and the HDI model based on a spatial statistical approach are used. Based on the results of the study, the average score of physical-social development in the Metropolitan City of Ahvaz equals 0.766. Furthermore, the values of HDI for zones two, three, and four of the city are lower than the average and the HDI of other city zones in the Metropolitan City of Ahvaz are higher than the average. Moreover, based on the spatial statistical approach, the viability of the Metropolitan City of Ahvaz follows an eastern-western pattern.

Socio-physical sustainability is a concept that emerges in the context of the sustainable development Plan as a new word template in the world. The roots of sustainable development attitudes resonate with dissatisfaction with the sources of development and physical, socio-economic growth in cities from an ecological point of view. With increasing population in recent years, cities have experienced a physical expansion. So the world in which we live is constantly changing. Therefore, the application of the concept of physical-social sustainability in city planning is a relatively new action. Because there is a clear picture of the way forward, it is necessary to ensure the correct movement and take steady steps. Undoubtedly, population statistics are very important in determining the right path for economic and social development planning. As a result of the present study, the research methodology (library, descriptive-analytical, and field studies) has examined the subject of socioeconomic stability in the context of sustainable urban development. It is also worth mentioning that data analysis is used in addition to statistical methods, such as ArcGIS, Grafer, SPSS, Visio, SmartPLS and EXCEL. The results of the research show that, in addition to the fact that the metropolitan areas of Ahwaz differ in terms of sustainability, also among studied regions, the index of study there is a significant relationship between urban planning and urban planning. Statistically, the TOPSIS average in Ahwaz metropolis was equal to (37.9%) and was ranked by region.

Sustainable urban, first and foremost requires, an integrated urban management system at various levels of policy, planning, decision making, decision making and implementation. Today, developing countries need to identify the resources and resources of their country in order to strengthen their socioeconomic infrastructure, relieve dependency, eliminate regional imbalances and ultimately achieve sustainable regional development. Therefore, the various dimensions and complexity of the subject of the need to recognize the extent of development are expressed. In Iran, due to the multifaceted urban management of an inappropriate urban structure, every day more complex issues have been added to the problems of cities. Because each organization has been looking at urban issues with its facilities and dimensionality. And there was no comprehensive view. Based on this, in the present study, a developmental-applied approach has been studied in Ahvaz metropolis. To determine its development and its lack in the regions. The HDI model and the SPSS, EXCEL and other applications were also used to draw up and analyze the findings. The results of the research show that urban integrated management in the octagonal areas is based on the degree of availability and deprivation in areas with a large difference, so that the average HDI index was equal to (0/566) percent. That the seven, one, five, and six areas in terms of average per capita and urban management compared to other areas in the index are at high average.

The growth of the city as a dual process of spatial and physical development. Each of these two methods can be different and separate from the body of another cause. The urban population growth, urbanization and increased attention to urban issues for urban planners and personnel is essential. This research is descriptive and analytical the subject is discussed. To study the subject in statistical methods Holdern and Shannon entropy analysis of the distribution and density of the urban population has been used in different periods in order to analyze the and mapping of the software GIS, SPSS, Grafer and Excel use. The results show that the basic structure of city of Yazd in the northern part of the neighborhood has been Fahadan. Space systems are not organized grouping of cities and urban spaces on the first floor and top floor, there is no point matrix Even with the entropy index, Yazd province in the years 1996-2011 shows that the balance of cities in the urban middle classes, so that the entropy index has fluctuated in 1996 (-0.37) and in 2011 (-0.23) is obtained. Finally, the model was determined Holdern. The city is only 8/54 of the growth in population growth between the years 1966 to 2006 and 45% of physical development and physical growth of the city.