فهرست مطالب امیر حسین بیکی

Saffron is a triploid، sterile plant، used as a spice and medicinalplant in all countries. Stigma is the most important part of saffron. So far no reliable molecular methods were provided to identify and prediction of the three/multi branches species. In this study، using different bioinformatics algorithms، new tools for prediction based on Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphismmolecular markers is presented. Five alleles M1311400، M151200، M12100 and M10850 selected as the most important classifier by Attribute Weighting models which has the potential to cluster and recognize the three from multi branches stigma. K-Means and K-Medoids unsupervised clustering algorithms were fully able to cluster each genotype to the right classes. Our results showed that for the first time، data mining techniques can be effectively used to genetic differentiation between three and multi stigma with above 90 percent the accuracy andprecision. These methods can use in gene mapping and selection by biomarker.

The Crocus genus، which comprehends approximately 80 species، is known mainly for the cultivated species Crocus sativus. Genetic variability among 16 genotype of Crocus genus originating from Iran was examined for the first time with Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR). Fourteen primers generated a total of 208 discernible and reproducible bands across the analyzed populations، that all of these showed polymorphism. The fragment scored for presence/absence and used to generate Dice، Jaccard and Simple Maching similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA and Complete Linkage in NTSYS-pc 2. 02 computer program. Cluster analysis revealed primarily five major groups. Furthermore، dimensional graph derived from Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of ISSR data also revealed a pattern in which the genotypes were assigned into five separate groups. Estimation of Resolving Power (RP) values exhibited a collective rate of 134. 08 and varied from 4. 87 for UBC 872 to 15. 5 for UBC 851 with a mean of 9. 6. The results showed the high effectiveness of ISSR markers in grouping of Crocus species under study، and analysis of their genetic relationships.

Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) is an annual plant from Umbliferus family that is cultivated in Iran as landraces. This plant is one of the oldest plants with pharmaceutical and economical importance. In this experiment cumin seeds were collected from Khorasan، Kerman and Fars provinces of Iran. Explants were cultured in Gamborg media with hormonal components. Factorial experiment with four factor based on completely randomized design (CRD) was conducted. Factors that used in this experiment consist of three hormones، i. e. NAA with three levels 0. 2، 0. 4 and 0. 6 mg/L، IAA with two levels 0. 2 and 0. 4 mg/L and BAP with two levels zero and 0. 1 mg/L concentrations، and cultivar with three levels (three cumin landraces). The results showed that each of landraces produced hard، compact and white greenish color calli. After subculturing، embryogenesis stages consist of globular، turpido، heart and cotilidonary shapes were observed. Then thiny shoots were produced by embryos. Elongated shoots were cute from callus and transferred to rooting media with 1/2 MS salt and 0. 2 mg/L IAA. All of the shoots produced roots successfully. Fully developed plantlets with well-developed root and shoot systems were transferred to pots containing sterile sandy soil. After 20-30 days، the plantlets started to flowering. No albino or abnormal plants observed. The analysis of results showed that Khorasan landrace at hormonal component with 0. 4 mg/L IAA+ 0. 2 mg/L NAA + 0. 1 mg/L BAP had the maximum callus production and plant regeneration.