امیرعبدالرضا سپنجی

Due to its significant impact on individuals and society, environmental issues have captured the attention of many individuals, experts, and even politicians. This research aimed to propose a media model for enhancing and expediting environmental communication using the grounded theory method. The study focused on key environmental issues that serve as indicators for evaluating international organizations. These issues include water, air pollution, energy consumption, natural resources, waste management, greenhouse gases, and biodiversity. To develop the media model, interviews were conducted with 16 experts in the fields of environment, communication sciences, social sciences, and geography, most of whom were professors at prestigious universities. The experts were selected using the snowball method. The findings of the research, based on the implementation and analysis of the interviews, highlight several factors contributing to environmental ignorance and lack of information and knowledge. Contextual factors, such as political-legal considerations, social and cultural conditions, and intervening factors like technology and audience, were identified. Additionally, strategic factors were acknowledged as influential in achieving desirable media outcomes, including diversity, concentration, innovation, and building trust in television as a national media platform. These outcomes can effectively contribute to the promotion and dissemination of environmental awareness among both traditional and younger audiences.

The irreplaceable role of social networks in human life is undeniable and many people nowadays follow the news through social networks. That's why news media have expanded their coverage through social networks such as Twitter. Evaluating the performance of news agencies on social networks can help them to improve their performance and ultimately attract the audience. In fact, evaluating news techniques to attract the audience and guide public opinion in the desired direction of the media is one of the most important aims of media policy makers. To this end, it seems necessary to provide new and efficient methods for quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the performance of news media. In this research, a three-step method is proposed. In the first stage, the criteria and sub-criteria were ranked using network analysis method. The results of these two steps are used in the data envelopment analysis method and efficient media are identified. The efficient media are then ranked using the Andson-Peterson method. This method was tested on 15 Persian- news networks on Twitter, and the most popular Persian media were ranked. The results indicated that the model used is a suitable and efficient model for evaluating and ranking Persian news networks. Al-Arabiya Farsi, Deutsche Welle Farsi and The Indypersian were selected as the most efficient medias, respectively. The results obtained in comparison by similar researches and the opinion of experts indicated that the proposed model is a suitable and efficient model for evaluating and ranking Persian news agencies

In this article, the conceptual model of audience perception is presented on how officials look at the audience and the media (case study of Iran). Audience is a concept that refers to a set of perceptions and views about media and audiences. This kind of view stems from the idea that the role and function of the media is the same as the pulpit.The model was extracted using research results conducted from 2005 to 2010 (Spanji, 1389). In this study, more than 10,370 views and words were extracted from the aforementioned officials. This view was converted into 371 propositions and then the propositions were analyzed in quantitative and qualitative ways.The three main components of the audience perception model in the form of two sub-sections are:1-a) The negative effects and functions of the media on people beyond the media, based on the mentality of the imaginary audience;B) patriarchal and functional expectations from the media to influence the audience, based on the perception of the audience;2- How to look at the media based on the mentality of the imaginary audience.Each of these two sections is also divided into subcomponents.

Two factors of human resources and the creating of knowledge, has caused Iran to be among the countries producing animated movies, regardless of political and economic constraints; But after half a century since the production of the first animated movies in Iran, the prevailing view of this new technology is merely a hobby. The purpose of this study is to provide a structural model in 9 areas of decentralization, formalization, specialization, strategy, environmental conditions, technology, size, control and knowledge management for animation movie production companies. The method of the present research is qualitative and grounded theory. For this purpose, in order to collect information, the technique of in-depth interviews with professors, managers and experts in the field of animation movies was used. Finally, using the grounded theory method, 11 categories of structural focus, collective thinking, lack of rules, 5-step production process, ability assessment Income management, content affected by political, economic and cultural conditions, hardware, ability quality, visual quality and knowledge management were found to affect the structural pattern of knowledge-based companies producing animated movies. As a result of this research, based on 11 categories discovered, structure design in 9 organizational departments as well as a 6-stage model in the production process (ordering, pre-production, distribution, production, post-production and distribution) considering knowledge management and training for Knowledge-based companies have produced animated movies.

New media create opportunities to represent the teachings of religion and its teachings in new ways that a large number of websites with religious content show. Introduce and express religious teachings. Meanwhile, paying attention to aesthetic possibilities in new media, and especially in designing religious websites, can play an important role in providing better and more desirable content to the audience; Therefore, the present study, considering the importance of new media in contemporary communication and the role that these media have in introducing and expressing religious concepts, has examined the existing aesthetic features in the design of religious websites.This research is descriptive-analytical in a way that data collection has been done in a library way. Based on the research findings, it seems that in designing religious websites, the appropriate aesthetic and visual facilities for the successful transfer of religious teachings have been largely ignored; Therefore, the lack of appropriate methods in the design of religious concepts and content weakens the desired websites.

In recent years, the focus on professional ethics and behavior has been recognized by organizations as a necessity. Addressing the state of professional ethics in the field of public relations activities whose scope includes action, emotions, emotions, and in a word of public opinion, demonstrating the high importance of public relations, from the perspective of Inside and outside the organization, consider and reflect.The method of study in this article is Thematic content analysis of books and public relations and communications research. It should be explained that since no research on professional ethics in public relations was found in the searches, the authors of their research were excluded from articles on corporate ethics and organizational communication that included the performance of public relations organizations. Also, consider.It should be noted that the issue of professional ethics in the field of public relations has been looked at from the perspective of internal and external organizational relationships. The findings of the article show that from an external organizational perspective, public relations must respect honesty, trustworthiness, and truth, which are the basis of an ethical relationship, in order to reach the boundary of sustainability in public opinion. Along the way, non-compliance with professional ethics and behavior is also considered a threat to the organization's death. Research into the professional ethics of organizations has emphasized the need to avoid secrecy and focus on the principle of honesty in public relations. From the intra-organizational perspective, the findings also show that organizational structure is one of the factors influencing professional ethics. Other findings found in this study include less attention to ethical climate and professional ethics in organizational environments and discrimination as a major obstacle to achieving organizational goals.

The basic objective of communication process has often been considered to be the audience''s persuasion، and the key to this is attitude change. One basic communication tool among humans is dialog، hence discourse is a means of persuasion. The purpose here is defining current theories in the field of human communication as they concern the issue of persuasion based on Imam Reza''s (pbuh) debate method. An authoritarian and biased view about humans seeks an advantageous and persuasive form of communication only to deceive and subdue one''s audience. Conversely، observing human''s essential interests and feeling concerned about his progression and exaltation transform this kind of communication into a means of leading to those interests. In other words، this kind of communication may not necessarily aim to persuade or change attitudes، but to obliterate ignorance and understand other people''s opinions and interpretations of shared issues. On this basis، a definition of concepts related to a persuasive form of communication comes to our notice. This article is the result of a fundamental and interdisciplinary research that intends to examine the issue of persuasion and attitude change in human communication with a special regard to the Infallible Imam''s communicative behavior and by adopting an extra-religious approach.

The present article is to study the characteristics and general nature of audience and is described it as "Audience phantasm" in developing countries. It firstly notes that there will be consequences such as audience distancing themselves from local and official media if policy makers and media official's imaginations of audiences become far from related bare facts have happened in the era of global media and the nature of audiences. Knowing and analyzing the image of audiences presented in new communication theories. Accordingly, as the abovementioned authorities’ viewpoint of audiences exposed to media messages keeps distance from the true nature of media activities, media‐message receivers and their current position in the booming market of media, as termed by Mohsenyan Rad as “Message Bazaar”, there will possibly be disastrous social, cultural, political, and even economic consequences with regard to media uses.Then the history and definitions of “audience”, "uses & gratifications theory" and the concept of "Audience Phantasm" is described. After that, based on those and the increased options as well as the right of selecting of today-audience in the situation of message bazaar, as a result the characteristics of them are explained.

Faculty Member of the Culture, Art and Communications Institute; This article aims to explore the Public culture and social relations of Iranians including numerous behaviors observed by European travel writers who traveled to Iran during the Qajar and Pahlavi dynasties. The methodology adopted for this analysis consists of a study on the importance of these two eras in the contemporary history of Iran, followed by a brief history of travel in Iran. The subsequent parts are allocated to European travel writers and travel books of the Qajar era and to an exploration of their views on the for mentioned issues. In addition, with regard to the prominence of Persian language and literature in Iranian culture, a separate part is devoted entirely to this topic. The final part, with an overview of the Pahlavi era, surveys views and opinions of travel writers on culture and social relations of Iranians in this era

Since in looking at communication from a process-oriented point of view, the topic of “effect” finds prominence, this article aims at examining the theories of mass media effects, the changes they have undergone, and the ways in which media influence audiences. Meanwhile, focusing on the contents of authentic Islamic texts, including the Quran and authentic Hadiths coming down to us from the Prophet Muhammad and the holy Imams (peace be upon them), the topic of positive effects on audiences will be discussed. In the field of media studies, much research has been done and various discussions have been presented about the effects of mass media on audience attitudes, assumptions and behaviors, and about their depth and intensity, all appearing in an eighty-year time span. It must be pointed out that almost all such studies agree on the effects of the media as a basic assumption, although there is no consensus about its intensity and power as yet. From a commonsensical point of view, mass media have some degree of effect on ethical issues, beliefs and behaviors.The historical process of considering the effects of media dates back to early 20th century, beginning with the presumption that media have strong effects on audience members (hypodermic needle theory), later replaced with limited-effect theory. During the same time, a two-step flow hypothesis was also presented. In the 1950s and 60s we can see a re-emergence of powerful-effect model, followed by Gerbner’s cultivation theory, McLuhan’s theories concerning media effects, negotiated media influence, spiral of silence, etc.