امیرقلی سنجری

Mahtab barley variety (line CB-84-10) was initially selected from International Winter Barley Crossing Block Nursery received from ICARD in 2001-2002 cropping season. During observational evaluation, preliminary yield trial and advanced yield trial during 2002-2005 cropping seasons based on its considerable grain yield compared to the other studied genotypes, this line was selected for final evaluation in the elite barley lines yield trial which was conducted in Karaj, Mashhad, Jolge rokh, Miandoab, Tabriz, Ardabil, Hamadan and Arak research stations during 2005-2007 cropping seasons. The average grain yield of Mahtab cultivar in this experiment was 7167 kgha-1, that was 591 kgha-1 (9%) higher than the grain yields of check variety Bahman. Mahtab has facultative growth habit, plant height of 88 cm, thousand kernel weight of 44 grams and exhibits lodging resistance and non-shattering rachis as well as wide adaptability across cold regions of the country. In addition, this variety has moderately-resistant (MR) to moderately-susceptible (MS) infection responses to yellow rust and powdery mildew and MR infection response to barley stripe and barley net blotch. The protein content of this variety is 11.5% that indicates its appropriate quality for animal feeding. Based on high biomass of Mahtab variety in the soft dough stage, this cultivar can be also used as green forage for animal feeding. Agricultural lands located in the cold regions of Alborz, Khorasan Razavi, Fars, East Azarbaijan, West Azarbaijan, Ardabil, Hamadan, Zanjan, Ghazvin, Markazi, Kurdistan, Kermanshah, Lorestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, Isfahan and Kerman provinces are appropriate areas for cultivation of the new cultivar.

Tak-Ab is a new winter bread wheat cultivar developed from evaluation of ICARDA-Turkey-CIMMYT international bread wheat germplasm to supplementary irrigation areas. Study of new cultivars under supplementary irrigation in Maragheh and Ardebil Research Stations (2005-2012) showed that, Tak-Ab had high grain potential under supplementary irrigation conditions. Based on results means of grain yield for Tak-Ab, Azar2 and Alvand with one time irrigation at sowing date were 3636, 2785 and 2556 kg ha-1 respectively. Average of grain yield of Tak-Ab and Azar2 with two times irrigation (Sowing Bolting) was 4737 and 4346 kg ha-1 respectively. Results revealed that this line is more tolerant to cold, moderate resistant to rusts and resistant to logging, thus it is suitable for supplementary irrigation in cold dry lands of Iran, and it has higher 1000 kernel weight and good bread quality as well. It is a winter habit and early maturity, 80 cm plant height, 36gr. 1000 kernel weight, grain color red and with 12% protein content. Based on these results, thenew line (Manning/Sdv1//Dogu88 OYC-OYC-OYC-12YC-OYC) was released in 2013 under the name of Tak-Ab.

In order to study effect of water deficit on growth، yield and yield components on three spring barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) genotypes، an experiment was conducted in Ardabil Agricultural Research Station، Iran in 2003-2004. The experiment was split plot as complete block design with three replications. Water treatment including: Well watered (Normal)، No irrigation in all growth stage (stressed) and Water stress induction after anthesis were arranged in main plots and three barley genotypes: LB-IRAN، N-81-7 and N-81-14 in sub plots. In all water treatments dry matter accumulation trend was sigmoid figure، however the value had variation under water treatment affected. Maximum and minimum LAI obtained from well watered and stressed in all growth stage treatment respectively. LB-IRAN genotype had the highest values of growth parameters. There was no significantly different on tillage per plant and grain number per ear between non- irrigated and exposing of water stress after anthesis، but 1000- grain weight of them was significantly affected. Final grain yield of non-irrigated treatment decreased compared to well watered and water stress exposing after anthesis (63. 7 and 17. 2 percent، respectively). Maximum grain number per ear obtained from LB-IRAN and N-81-14. The highest 1000- grain weight was belonging to LB-IRAN and N-81-7 genotypes. The grain yield in LB-IRAN genotype (2034 kg. ha-1) was higher than others genotypes. According to Fernandez tolerance index، N-81-14 genotype had high yield stability.

In order to study the effect of irrigation cut on dry matter remobilization and some of agronomy traits on spring barley, a field experiment was conducted by using a split-plot based on randomized complete block design (RCBD), in three replications, at agricultural and natural resource research center of Ardebil, in 2009. Irrigation treatments included normal irrigation (as local routine in past years), no-irrigation and irrigation cut at stage an thesis substituted in main plots, and spring barley genotypes, EBYTW-11, EBYTW-2, EBYTW-3, and EBYTW-7 were placed in sub-plots. Results showed that amount, efficiency and contribution of dry matter remobilization from various organs of plant to grains were increased with irrigation cut, so that the contribution of dry matter remobilization at no irrigation treatment and irrigation cut in stage an thesis were estimated 67.8 and 38.0 percent, respectively, higher than that normal irrigation treatment. Means comparing of interaction effects showed that EBYTW-2 genotype had higher dry matter translocation (culm and various organs total) and contribution to grain yield. the highest dry matter efficiency of culm and leaf was belongs to EBYTW-3 genotype and the highest dry matter efficiency of peduncle was obtained from EBYTW-11 genotype in no irrigation and irrigation cut at an thesis stage treatments, respectively. The plant height, head and panicle length decreased at no irrigation rather than normal irrigation treatment (33.9, 24.5, and 11.9 percent, respectively). Results showed this reduction were 47.4 and 16.9 percent for grain yield, also 36.6 and 9.9 percent for biological yield at no irrigation treatment and irrigation cut at thesis stage in compared with normal irrigation treatment. The EBYTW-2 genotype in head length, 1000-grain weight, grain and biological yield had higher value than other genotypes.

To classify the wheat breeding research stations of Iran, 15 lines/cultivars with different growth habits and vernalization requirements were grown in three sowing dates (12 Oct., 01 Nov. and 21 Nov.) in 18 research field stations in 2005-2008 cropping seasons. Experiments were carried out as split plot arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. Sowing dates were assigned to main plots and genotypes were randomized in sub-plots. Grain yield from all filed stations in three years were analyzed to determine the suitable sowing date for each location. Combined analysis of variance showed that the first date of sowing (Oct. 12) was suitable for most of the locations except Zarghan and Isfahan where the first and second dates of sowing were not significantly different. The third date of sowing was not suitable for any of test locations. Cluster analysis based on mean of the days to heading of genotypes in each date of sowing grouped 18 research stations into three groups:1) Varamin, Mashhad, Karaj, Zarghan, Isfahan, Khorramabad and Neishabour. 2) Ardebil, Arak, Hamadan, Miandoab, Kermanshah (Islamabad), Qazvin, Zanjan, Khoy, Jolgeh Rokh and Eqlid. 3) Darab. In the first and third groups spring wheat genotypes had higher grain yield, whereas in the second group winter and facultative wheat genotypes performed better.

Mihan is a new bread wheat cultivar originated from the cross between Iranian cultivar Barakat with the Chinese cultivar 90-Zhong 87 at Karaj Research Station in 1995-96 cropping season. The F1 plants were grown at Karaj in 1996-97 cropping season, furthermore F2-F6 populations and regional preliminary yield nursery were evaluated at Ardebil Agricultural Research Station during 1997-2003 cropping seasons. Mihan was tested as C-84-8 prior to release. Mihan has been tested in yield trials under normal irrigation and post-anthesis drought stress conditions in cold regions of Iran. It yielded well under both conditions. The mean grain yield of Mihan under normal irrigation and post-anthesis drought stress conditions was higher (7787 and 5967 kgha-1) than the mean yield of national check cultivar Shahryar (7064 and 4714 kgha-1), respectively. Mihan is a winter wheat with amber kernel. Its average height is 84 cm and is resistant to the yellow rust. Its average thousand kernel weight under normal irrigation and drought condition was 43 and 34 gram, respectively. Mihan has grains with average protein and gluten contents of 11% and 26.4, respectively. Mihan was officially released in January 2011 for cultivation in cold regions of Iran with post-anthesis drought stress condition.

Breeding for environmental stress is one of the most important goals in plant breeding. Among stresses, drought stress has high influencing on limitation of wheat production. So, in order to find the best drought tolerant genotypes, 24 genotypes were planted in three separate experiments in Ardebil: one with optimum irrigation (control), another with water stress at pre-anthesis stage and the other with water stress at post-anthesis stage. RBCD experiment design with four replications was used. Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI), Mean Productivity (MP), Tolerance (TOL), Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP), Stress Tolerance Index (STI), Modified Stress Tolerance Index for optimum condition (K1STI) and Modified Stress Tolerance Index for water stress condition (K2STI) indices were used to evaluate susceptibility and tolerance of the genotypes. Results showed that, genotypes number 15 and 21 had higher grain yield than mean in all irrigation conditions. These genotypes had the highest STI and located at part of high yield potential and low sensitivity to drought in the biplot. According to TOL and STI, genotype number 15 had the highest water stress tolerant and highest yield in all studied conditions. Also, results of biplot analysis and correlation drought tolerant indices with YS and YP showed that STI, GMP and MP were the best indices for yield predicting. K1STI and K2STI along with STI were important indices to select genotype for control and stress conditions

Pishgam was selected from the progeny of a cross between Barakat Iranian bread wheat cultivar and Chinese 90-Zhong 87 winter-habit (Bkt/90-Zhong 87) in 1995. The F1 generation seeds were planted in Karaj station in 1995-96 cropping season. Selected-bulk method was applied to segregating generations from F2 to F5 generations for characters such as winter hardiness, plant height, straw strength, disease reaction, and plant and kernel type under irrigation in the field conditions of cold region at Ardabil Agricultural Research Station from 1996-97 to 2000-01 cropping seasons. Selected Individual plants were grown in F6 generation and selected plots were harvested in bulk and forwarded to F7 generation for evaluation in preliminary yield trial in Ardail in 2002-03. The new selection was entered into the national PRWY Tests and evaluated for grain yield, agronomic performance and disease reactions in trials grown in Ardabi, Zanjan, Karaj, Hamedan and Mashad under both normal and TDS conditions in 2003-04. Under TDS conditions, trials were irrigated by just the booting stage. Due to superior grain yield of newly selected line over check cultivars (8.707 tha-1 vs 6.549 tha-1 of Shahryar and 5.561 tha-1 of Cross of Shahriar under normal irrigation, and 4.959 tha-1 vs 3.541 tha-1 of Shahryar and 3.746 tha-1 of Cross of Shahi under TDS conditions) it was selected and forwarded to advanced trials. This line was tested in regional advanced trails of cold zone breeding program during 2004-05. Due to its superior characters including high grain yield, freezing tolerance and resistance to stripe and leaf rusts, it was considered to be included in adaptation trials. Therefore, as an elite promising line (designated as C-84- 5509) this line was evaluated in adaptation trial in six research stations of cold regions along with check cultivars (Toos and Cross of Shahi) during 2005-07. Based on results of two cropping seasons, this line produced 5.219 tha-1 grain yield in average in comparison to 4.684 tha-1of Toos and 3.851 tha-1 of Cross of Shahi under TDS conditions. The grain yield of C-84-5509 was 8.738 tha-1 compared to 7.840 tha-1 of Toos and 5.987 tha-1 of Cross of Shahi over six locations in two cropping seasons under normal irrigation. Based on stability parametric methods it was one of the most stable lines of the investigated gremplasm set. In respect to diseases resistance, its reaction to a newly spread of stripe rust race (166E134A+) was 0-5R against100S, 70S-100S and 70MS-100S for check cultivars Alvand, toos and Shahryar, respectively. Results of LT50 determination in plants sampled from cold region of Firoozkooh showed that LT50 of new line was about -15˚C against, -8,-10,-12 and -12C for check cultivars Alavand, Zarrin, Shahryar and Gaspard, respectively. Bread making quality of this line was assessed to be moderate to good based on 11.2% grain protein content, 50.4 grain hardiness and normal gluten elasticity. Validation trials in farmer's field conditions confirmed the grain yield and agronomic superiority of this line compared to check cultivars. This line is superior to other winter wheat cultivars and registered for production for cold regions of Iran