امین بابادی عکاشه

Ethno-Archeology is the study of modern lifestyles to enable archaeologists to understand processes. The interdisciplinary approach of ethno-archeology can provide very clear information from archeology. One of the tribes that in terms of architectural pattern, livelihood and settlement are very similar to the sample of archaeological data in prehistoric and historical periods and interdisciplinary studies have been done in connection with them, the Bakhtiari people. The present study tries to introduce the Bakhtiari Mafe-Gah architecture, one of the behavioral aspects of this people, using the ethno-Archeology approach. The main purpose of this research is to introduce, record and document the complete Mafe-Gah in detail and compare its structural and cultural features with ancient evidence. After examining the characteristics of this work, by examining the ancient evidences such as pottery motifs, the effects of seals and the effect of seals in the Bakhtiari region, the common aspects of this behavior are compared. The descriptive-analytical research method is based on documentary studies and identification of sources and texts. In the field studies or surface survey in Bakhtiari areas, common methods in anthropology include interviewing people, visiting and observing the daily life of nomadic areas, as well as participating in funerals and mourning ceremonies of Bakhtiari people to pay attention to details. And observation of the manner in which their customs have been used. The results indicate that the installation of horns on Bakhtiari Mafe-Gah can be seen in the evidence and relics of the culture and civilization of ancient Elam.

Many customs of the Bakhtiari kinfolk are accompanied by ambiguities that can be adequately answered by comparing them with the archaeological findings of the Elam civilization, because animals were of special importance in ancient Elam and many cultural works left from the civilization of Elam have motifs related to animals and they have played an important role in the culture of the Bakhtiari people since long ago. Therefore, this research tries to investigate the comparative presence of animals such as lions, snakes, goats, etc. in the civilization of Elam and the Bakhtiari people.This research tries to answer these questions, which findings indicate the transfer of the concept of these motifs from the civilization of Elam to the Bakhtiari culture, and in what aspects of the Bakhtiari culture can it be seen? The research method is descriptive-analytical with field investigation with a comparative approach. The aim of the research is to examine and compare the motifs related to animals in ancient Ilam with the culture of the Bakhtiari people and it is also a study of the influence of these characters in the culture of the Bakhtiari people and by doing this research, the origin of sanctity and importance of the most important animals in Bakhtiari culture is determined and it is also proven to some extent that considering the relatively long time that has passed since the ancient Elam rule, traces of their culture can still be observed in the culture of the Bakhtiari people. The statistical population of the research includes 32 works of archaeological and artistic evidence decorated with motifs related to animals from the civilization of Elam. The research results show that the position, role and importance of animals such as; Lion, snake and goat in Bakhtiari culture and in the nomadic areas of Khuzestan, Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, the same importance and role of animals in Ilam civilization is continued. The continuity of these motifs has been influenced in Bakhtiari culture from Ilam in two ways: One is the transmission of religious and theoretical concepts that have come in different and partial forms from Bakhtiari culture as; Determining the gender of the child by using the carcass of a snake and animal sacrifice to remove the plague and the other in the form of tangible works such as; Bardshir and the use of horns in architecture and religious ceremonies.

Recognizing the history of culture governing the currentchr('39')s traditional societies is one of the important and significant issues which has been studied by domestic and foreign investigators. Archaeologists are among the researchers, accompanied by other interdisciplinary investigators, who can reconstruct the culture of our ancestors through the findings obtained from exploration, and match them with various aspects of nomads and tribes. In the present investigation, it has been tried to study the customs of Bakhtiari people. The main aim is to study the micro-cultures which have been expressed in the life of Bakhtiari people in the form of some customs of ancient Ilam. The assumptions of this investigation are based on the following questions: which customs of ancient Ilam have been inherited by Bakhtiari people? Which aspect of their life have been influenced by this expression? The method is descriptive-analytical along with field survey via a historical approach. In this investigation, 23 archaeological works from ancient Ilam civilization have been studied. The results of the research indicate that the customs of people who are now known as Bakhtiari are somewhat the lineage of the people who lived as a strong government of ancient Ilam in the region. Although the cultural and population complex of Bakhtiari has significantly changed during thousands of years, there is still an evidence implying that they are the heirs of old culture of ancient Ilam.