فهرست مطالب امین صالحی ابرقویی

Female sexual dysfunction is a global common problem. Tribulus terrestris has long been used to treat infertility, impotence and low sexual desire. Studies assessing the effect of Tribulus terrestris on female sexual dysfunction have reported contradictory findings. Thus, the present study was performed with the aim of systematically reviewing articles on the effect of Tribulus terrestris on female sexual dysfunction to facilitate decisions regarding the use of Tribulus terrestris in this regard.

In this review article, to find the related studies, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Magiran, SID and Google Scholar databases were searched using the keywords "Tribulus" or "Zygophyllaceae" without limitations on language, time and location until December 2021. Two authors extracted articles'' information independently. Eligible studies were evaluated using the Cochrane collaboration quality assessment instrument.

A total of 1367 papers were retrieved using the search strategy. Six papers were eligible to enter the study. The data showed that Tribulus terrestris improved some of the factors associated with sexual dysfunction in childbearing and menopausal women. In three studies, testosterone levels were evaluated, and the findings indicated an increase in free testosterone levels in postmenopausal women.

Consumption of Tribulus terrestris is effective on improving sexual dysfunction in women. Although, due to the limited number of studies, the final decision on the use of this plant in the treatment of female sexual dysfunction requires more accurate and careful investigations.

pre-hypertension is a common worldwide disease in 30-50% of the studied population. Diet compliance among pre-hypertensions is one of the most important changes in lifestyle. This study aims to determine compliance dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) among pre-hypertensions.

This cross-sectional study in 2017, using a cluster sampling method, 165 pre-hypertensive patients referred to health centers of Ferdows were surveyed. The data gathering tool was a three-day food inventory questionnaire. Information about the nutrition program was obtained using N4 software and data was analyzed using SPSS software version 19 and descriptive and analytic tests. The diet was measured by using a three-day dietary questionnaire. In order to analyze the data the consumed food substances were converted into gram scale and then the N4 software rendered the data on diet. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS using chi-square and covariance.

The average Dash diet compliance was 24.21 ± 4.4. The mean and standard deviation of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were Respectively 133 ± 9.8, 82 ± 11. Compliance with the diet was accompanied by an increase in the consumption of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, whole grains, beans, Nuts and reduced sodium intake Sweet drinks, and red meat and processed. There was a significant difference between the components of the diet plan and the score of the diet plan.

Considering the importance of following a diet plan to prevent high blood pressure and its moderate follow-up among pre-hypertensive individuals, it is suggested that theoretically-focused interventions be designed to increase compliance with the diet.

Studies showed that about 25 percent of children with less than 5 years of age were underweight to varying degrees in Iran. Mothers, as the most influential group in family education, play very significant roles in preventing growth retardation and regular monitoring. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of educational intervention based on reasoned action theory on the behavior of mothers with malnourished children. This experimental study was conducted on 130 mothers with malnourished 2-5 year-old children in Sepidan city. Participants were divided into two groups (65 in the case group and 65 in the control group). Data were collected using a questionnaire containing demographic data and a questionnaire based on the structures of the reasoned action theory. Data were analyzed by SPSS 16. The mean score of attitude in the intervention group increased from 33.1± 5.2 to 38.5±3.8, their intention score from  24.4±3.3 to 30.03±3.1, and practice score from  31.6±4.9 to 42.5±3.8, which were statistically significant (p<0.001). However, the mean score of subjective norms increased from 31.4±5.5 to 32.7±5.3 and the difference was not statistically significant. The weight mean of children in the intervention and control groups were 1.1 ± 1.6 and 11.5 ± 1.5 kg before the intervention, respectively. After the intervention, the weight mean of children in the intervention group increased to 12.05±1.4, which was statistically significant. On the other hand, weight gain in children of the control group was not statistically significant. Educational intervention based on reasoned action theory was effective on behaviors of mothers with malnourished children. So, this theory can be used as an educational framework to prevent malnutrition in children.

Introdution: Since limited data are available in regard of the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity among children, our aim was to examine the association between SES and obesity among children. This cross-sectional study was done in Farokh Shahr among children aged 6-12y in 2009. 380 students were recruited through multi-stage cluster random sampling method from different districts. SES was defined through the questionnaire and participants were classified in to tertiles. Overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity were defined based on age- and sex-specific national cut-off points. Comparison of continuous and categorical variables was conducted by using independent samples’ t-test and Chi-square test, respectively. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess SES in relation to general and abdominal obesity in uni- and several multi-variable adjusted models. All statistical analyses were done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 15.0). P values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Comparing individuals in the highest versus lowest tertile of SES, there was no significant difference in waist circumference mean, but those in the middle tertile of SES had greater means of BMI after controlling for potential confounders (16.19±0.27 vs. 15.27±0.27 kg/m2, P= 0.002). We observed a greater chance of being overweight/obese for those in the highest tertile of SES compared with the lowest tertile (OR: 4.00, 95% CI: 1.53-10.59, Ptrend=0.004). No significant association was seen between SES and abdominal adiposity, either before or after controlling for potential confounders. We found that children in the highest SES class had a greater chance of being overweight/obese than those in the lowest SES class.

The bacterium causes listeriosis with severe clinical consequences such as meningitis, septicemia and abortion. There are a minimum data on dairy products contamination of Listeria in Iran. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in traditional ice cream in Yazd, Iran and to summarize the studies that reported Listeria monocytogenes contamination in traditional dairy and if possible conduct metaanalyses to report single estimates for raw milk and ice cream for the whole country.
A total of 85 samples of traditional ice cream were examined for the presence of Listeria monocytogenes using a two-step selective enrichment. All isolates were subjected to standard biochemical test. We searched PubMed, science direct, Scopus, Google Scholar and Iranian local databases including Iranian Scientific Information database (www.sid.ir), Magiran (www.magiran.com) using the following keywords: prevalence, Listeria monocytogenes, raw milk, ice cream and Iran. Twenty-six items of related articles on raw milk and ice cream were conducted of different cities. Studies were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical heterogeneity between studies was evaluated using Cochran's Q test and I-squared. All Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA version 11.2.
On the basis of biological tests, none of the samples were contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in raw milk 4% and 7.1% traditional ice cream. P values less than0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Consumption of raw milk with mild heat treatment or its usage in traditional dairy a common practice in Iran. Therefore, the lack of appropriate control measures could pose serious health problems.

The growing evidence suggest on the association between dietary patterns and obesity. This study was done to determine the relation between pattern of nutrient intake and obesity in Isfahanian adults.
In this descriptive - analytical study, dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire in 8,691 subjects aged 18-55 years. Complete data of 6,724 and 5,203 adults were available for general and abdominal obesity, respectively. Daily intakes of 38 nutrients and bioactive compounds were calculated for each participant. Factor analysis was applied to derive major nutrient patterns.
Three major nutrient patterns were identified: 1) pattern high in fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin B12, vitamin E, zinc, choline, protein, pyridoxine, phosphorus, and pantothenic acid; 2) high in thiamine, betaine, starch, folate, iron, selenium, niacin, calcium, and manganese; and 3) high in glucose, fructose, sucrose, vitamin C, potassium, dietary fiber, copper and vitamin K. Men in the highest quintile of the second pattern were less likely to be generally obese in the fully adjusted model (95% CI: 0.20-0.76, OR: 0.39, P0.05).
Nutrient patterns were significantly associated with general, but not abdominal obesity in the male Iranians participating in SEPAHAN study.

Triage is a part of the organizational process in emergency departments that affects their functional outcome. Each emergency department has its own special strategic state that may require adjustments to its triage system for localizing the process. Therefore, sufficient documentation is required in this field and studying triage is necessary. The purpose of this study was drawing a scheme of the studies carried out regarding triage in emergency departments during 2013 and 2014. For this purpose, articles published in this field were searched in Pubmed internet gateway using triage, fast track, hospitals, health care, emergency, medical services and emergency service as keywords. Based on this search strategy, 119 articles were found and classified into 7 triage- related fields. Finally, distribution of the articles regarding place, subject, type and methodology of the study was evaluated using descriptive analysis.

People affected by natural disasters like flood or earthquakes and also athletes like mountain climbers and also sailors who continuously go to jungles or deserts, might get into trouble in the nature and need help to get back to their home and therefore, they might need high energy supplements to keep them alive up to the time they find a food source. The goal of this study was to design and make these laboratory prototypes of high energy tablets.
For making tablets 15 different formulations were designed and made in the laboratory and then were tested to be suit. We objected to design formulations that could provide at least 20 kcal per each tab and amount of daily protein (about 25 grams), Tablets were design to provide not only the minimum energy needed but also the minimum protein needs and daily requirements of some vitamins and minerals of a healthy male adult.
Laboratory samples of 5 gram high energy (21 Kcal) were produced. The best formulation that had the capacity to be converted into tablets consisted of olive oil (16%), maltodextrin (36%), high biological value protein powder (25%), sesame seed (17%) and wheat germ (6%). 25 tablets should be taken each day which provides 525 kcal energy, 25g protein and different vitamins and minerals, daily; therefore, they will provide the minimum energy needs for at least 10 days if provided in 1.2 kg packs.
The production of high energy tab rations can provide minimum energy needs for at least 7 days for athletes, tourists and people who face natural disasters when there is no access to any other food resources because they occupy the minimum volume and their production is accessible in Iran.

L - Arginine is a semi-essential amino acid that affects some blood indices. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementation of L - Arginine on plasma lipids, blood sugar and blood pressure in healthy subjects. This study was a randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. A lot of, 56 male athletes with an average age of 20.85±4.29 were selected from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences clubs in the winter, in 2014. Athletes received L- Arginine supplementation with a dose of 2 g daily for 45 days in the intervention group and the same amount of placebo (maltodextrin) in the control group. At the beginning and the end of the study serum levels of blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressure were measured. Data were analyzed by using SPSS software version 19. At the end of this study, levels of fasting blood sugar, lipid profile in subjects received the L – arginine supplementation significantly improved in comparison to the control group (p value<0.05). However, no significant changes were observed in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (p value> 0.05). This study showed that a daily intake of 2 g dietary supplements of L- Arginine for 45 days in healthy subjects can improve levels of lipid profiles and fasting blood sugar and it can be used as a health-promoting supplements in healthy people.

Long-term endurance training improves the rheological parameters during the rest and exercise time. Increased blood fluidity as a result of consuming garlic can boost these beneficial effects, and therefore, can increase endurance performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of consuming garlic supplement on aerobic performance in non-athlete men. 20 healthy, non-athlete men were randomly selected and divided into two groups: supplement (mean age, 24.2 ± 1.2 years) or placebo (mean age, 23.6 ± 2.1 years). Subjects in both groups completed the Cooper Test. Then one group received garlic supplement (in the form of capsules, 500 mg, Nature Made, America) (n=10), and the other group received placebo ((in the form of capsules, 500 mg of glucose) (n=10). Next they were asked to take capsules after each breakfast and dinner for 7 days. On the eighth day, the subjects performed the Cooper Test again. In order to analysis the data, the researcher used t-test. In all tests, the significance level was considered as p < 0.05. The results showed that means of subject's running distance of the two groups before supplementation were not significantly different (p=0.91) But after taking garlic supplements or placebo for 7 days, a significant difference was observed (p=0.007) as well as, Supplementation with garlic supplements for 7 days resulted in a significant difference in peak oxygen consumption compared with that of the placebo group (p=0.007). In conclusion, according to the findings of this study, it seems short-term consumption of garlic has a significant effect on aerobic performance in non-athlete men.

No studies thus far have addressed the effects of daily consumption of multispecies probiotic supplements on the metabolic profiles، hs-CRP and oxidative stress of diabetic patients. The present study was designed to determine the effects of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles، hs-CRP and oxidative stress in diabetic patients. Fifty-four diabetic patients 35-37 years of age participated in this randomized double-blind controlled clinical trial. The subjects were randomly assigned to consume either a multispecies probiotic supplement (n = 27) or a placebo group (n = 27) for 8 wk. The supplement contained 7 viable and freeze-dried strains of lactobacillus acidophilus (2 × 109 CFU)، lactobacillus casei (7×109 CFU)، lactobacillus rhamnosus (1. 5 × 109 CFU)، lactobacillus bulgaricus (2 × 108 CFU)، Bifidobacterium breve (2 × 1010 CFU)، Bifidobacterium longum (7 × 109 CFU)، Streptococcus thermophilus (1. 5 × 109 CFU) and 100 mg fructo-oligosaccharide in lactose as a carrier substance. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 wk of intervention to measure metabolic profiles، hs-CRP and biomarkers of oxidative stress. The consumption of probiotic supplements prevented a rise in the FPG (changes from baseline: +1. 54 ± 30. 73 vs. +28. 73 ± 43. 44 mg/dL، p = 0. 01) and HOMA-IR (+0. 78 ± 1. 61 vs. +2. 38 ± 3. 34، p = 0. 03) values. No significant effect was found from the probiotic supplements for serum lipid profiles and HbA1C levels. A significant decrease in serum hs-CRP levels (-777. 57 vs. 878. 72 ng/ml، p = 0. 02) was found after probiotic supplementation compared to the placebo group. Supplementation also significantly increased plasma GSH levels (240. 63 vs. -33. 46 µmol/L، p = 0. 03) compared to the placebo. No significant effect for probiotics was observed for plasma TAC and serum uric acid levels between the two groups. Multispecies probiotic supplementation for 8 wk by diabetic patients increased glycemic control، decreased serum hs-CRP and increased plasma total GSH. It did not affect serum lipid profiles or total antioxidant capacity.

Although many observational and experimental studies have investigated the effect of dairy consumption on body weight and composition، the results are inconsistent. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the available evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of dairy consumption on body weight، fat mass، lean body mass and waist circumference (WC) in adults. PubMed، ISI Web of Science، SCOPUS، Science Direct and EMBASE were searched from January 1960 to October 2011 for the relevant English and non-English publications. Sixteen studies were finally selected for the systematic review and fourteen were included in the meta-analysis. The number of studies on weight، body fat mass، leans body mass and WC included finally in the review was 14، 12، 6 and 8، respectively. Overall، the mean difference for the effect of dairy consumption on body weight was -0. 61 kg (95% CI: -1. 29، 0. 07، P=0. 08). As compared to the respective control values، increased dairy intake could result in an additional reduction of 0. 72 kg (95% CI: -1. 29، -0. 14، P=0. 01) in fat mass، an additional increase of 0. 58 kg (95% CI: 0. 18، 0. 99، P>0. 01) in lean body mass، and an additional reduction of 2. 19 cm (95% CI: -3. 42، -0. 96، P-value < 0. 001) in WC. Subgroup analysis revealed that increasing dairy intake without energy restriction in both the intervention and control groups could not significantly affect weight، body fat mass، lean body mass or WC. Consumption of a high-dairy weight loss diet would lead to anadditional 1. 29 kg (95% CI: -1. 98، -0. 6، P<0. 001) weight loss، an additional 1. 11 kg (95% CI: -1. 75، -0. 47، P=0. 001) reduction in body fat mass، an additional increase of 0. 72 kg (95% CI: 0. 12، 1. 32، P=0. 02) in lean body mass، and an additional reduction of 2. 43 cm (95% CI: -3. 42، -1. 44، P<0. 001) in WC، compared to the respective control values. Increased dairy consumption without energy restriction might not lead to a significant change in body weight or body composition. As compared to common weight reduction diets، inclusion of dairy products in energy-restricted weight loss diets significantly affects body weight، body fat mass، lean body mass and waist circumference.

Prevalence of early and juvenile myopia has been increased recently scientists suggest that early life style including breastfeeding may play a role. Hence we tried to investigate the association between breastfeeding pattern and likelihood of myopia in 6-7 year old children. 245 new myopic cases and 245 controls were recruited. Anthropometric measurements and Raven IQ test were administered. Parents filled Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and two other questionnaires assessing breastfeeding pattern and myopia risk factors. Odds ratios for breastfeeding pattern and other potential risk factors were estimated. Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months (OR: 0.17, 95% CI: 0.03- 0.96) and breastfeeding for 12 months or more (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.03-0.74) were independently related to myopia after adjusting for other potential risk factors. Refined carbohydrate consumption (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.02-4.21), Being overweight (OR:2.20 95% CI: 1.05-4.64), number of siblings (OR:0.28, 95% CI: 0.13-0.59), distance between child and TV (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.06- 0.29) or computer (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.14- 0.76) before awareness of myopia, myopia at least in one of parents (OR: 6.91, 95% CI: 3.33- 14.34), mother’s education (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.26-5.56) and maternal age at birth (OR: 0.24, 95% CI:0.09-0.64) were independently related to myopia in childhood. Our findings suggest that Exclusive breastfeeding for 6 months and breastfeeding for 12 months or more are independently associated with decreased risk of myopia in 6-7y children and further studies to investigate the effect of long-term breastfeeding on early myopia is recommended.