فهرست مطالب انوشیروان صدیق

Controlling biological parameters is a crucial aspect of disinfecting drinking water. As such, a study was conducted in 1400 to examine the changes in the concentration of residual free chlorine at the point of consumption and distribution network of drinking water in Parehsar city, as well as the factors that influence it.

This study was conducted in Parehsar City, taking samples daily from 10 different points. In this cross-sectional study, according to the population of the city and based on the existing guidelines, sampling was done daily from 10 points in the city. Samples were taken during one season, one week every month, and daily, with ten samples from the point of consumption and ten samples from the distribution network (10 points in the city). A total of 420 samples were taken, and the parameters of residual free chlorine, temperature, turbidity, pH, and coliform were measured according to the standard method. Data analysis was also done using SPSS software.

The minimum and maximum concentration of residual free chlorine at the point of consumption and distribution network were measured, 0.2-0.5 and 0.5-1 mg/liter, respectively. It was determined by the analysis that there is no significant relationship between the residual free chlorine concentration at the consumption point and the distribution network. The changes in the concentration of residual free chlorine at the point of consumption and in the distribution network were independent of changes in temperature, turbidity, coliform, and pH (distribution network). There was only a positive relationship between the concentration of residual free chlorine at the point of consumption and pH at the point of consumption.

Out of the 210 cases measuring residual free chlorine concentration, only one case at the consumption point and ten cases in the distribution network did not meet the standards. However, all other residual free chlorine concentration measurements, temperature, turbidity, and pH were within the standards and guidelines.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure of individuals to bacterial bioaerosols in indoor air and to investigate the factors affecting their concentration in Ardabil city. In this study, 12 Sports halls (including futsal, volleyball, and bodybuilding halls) were selected and the samples of bacterial bioaerosols were taken from their indoor air.

Air sampling was performed using Anderson's single-stage sampler with a discharge rate of 28.3 liters per minute and a respiratory range of 10 minutes.

The results showed that the mean concentration of bacteria in all gyms was 494.24 CFU/m3. The concentration of bacteria in the gyms of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad and Payam Noor were 203.5, 728.5, 504.6 and 576 CFU/m3, respectively. The average bacterial concentration in the air was 60.5 CFU/m3. The dominant species of bacteria in indoor air were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus, respectively.

According to the results of this study, it is found that the concentration of bacterial bioaerosols is high in indoor air of sports halls and these halls can be considered as a potential hazard and cause respiratory diseases in athletes who use these halls.

 The purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial bioaerosols in indoor air of Ardabil universities and to investigate the factors affecting their concentration in Ardabil city.

 Air sampling was performed using Andersen single-stage sampler at a flow rate of 28.3 liters per minute and a respiratory range of 10 min. In this study, trypticase soy agar containing cycloheximide antibiotic was used for bacterial culture. Biochemical tests such as DNase, catalase, oxidase, coagulase, bile esculin hydrolysis test, urease, citrate test, antibiotic resistance to novobiocin, bacitracin and optochin were used for identification and differentiation of isolates.

 The mean bacterial concentration in Ardabil university of medical sciences in the open air, outside the college, the halls, the classrooms and the staff rooms  was 18, 88.4, 76.6, 77.4 CFU/m3 , respectively. The concentration of bacteria in Islamic Azad university of Ardabil in the open air, outside the college, the halls, the classrooms and the staff rooms was 103, 97, 124, 132 CFU/m3, respectively. The dominant species of bacteria in indoor air were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Actinomycetes and Bacillus, respectively.

 According to the results of this study, it is found that the concentration of bacterial bioaerosols in indoor air is not more than standard, but the abundance of bacterial species can cause lung, intestinal and other diseases in academic personnel, staff and students in the long-term.

In addition to supplying the needed water of human body، drinking water contains salts and minerals that are essential for the human body. Deficiency or excess of some of these minerals cause different problems and diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of home water treatment systems on reducing or eliminating the physical and chemical parameters in 2013. This was an analytical descriptive study. 12 water treatment units with different characteristics، in terms of the number of filters and filter life were selected from different locations that have different water sources including wells and surface water. The results showed that mean removal efficiency of nitrate، nitrite، sulfate، chloride and fluoride by home water treatment systems، respectively are 79. 16، 24. 19، 48. 5، 83. 48، 72. 86%. The average efficiency for removing of total hardness، calcium hardness، magnesium، Na، K، turbidity، and residual chlorine were respectively 82. 41، 87. 10، 65. 78، 95. 05، 79. 48، 98. 57، and 100%. Obtained results showed that home water treatment systems have very high efficiency to remove water physicochemical parameters. Using these systems are not necessary since most of the drinking water parameters are blow the Iran drinking water standards. In most cases they reduce the parameters to lower than the standard limits and decrease the taste and fluoride concentration to less than the standard values.

Education and Research are needed two key elements in the university like the two wings of a bird. Evaluation of training medical faculties is considered as main tasks. Evaluation of training programs is main duty in the university of Medical Sciences. Internal evaluation is one of validation tools that represents the views of students and providers about current conditions.This study aimed to determine the profile and educational status of the Associate degree in Environmental Health School of Health and provide feedback.

This study was a descriptive and analytical Method that was conducted in seven of nine field areas based on the ten step guide internal assessment. Data and information needed were collected by using tools such as phone calls, letters, questionnaires and check list from of 45 students. Information gathered was analyzed by using SPSS software. After the program, to obtain the necessary feed back were sent to faculty officials and EDC of university. After completing the program, to obtain the necessary feedback to relevant authorities was University College and EDC.

In this study, the average age of students in research was 20/3 years, 97/8% were single students, 33% of them were male students and 67% female, 100% students were non-employed, 53% of students were native provinces and other non-indigenous. 72 Index by faculty members determined and were evaluated the internal assessment. The results showed that Mean points was 48/33 points from 72 points and the state Department of Environmental Health Technician Training Course is located in the semi-optimal. Turns, 28% index were favorable, 46% were semi-optimal and 26% of index was assessed as unsatisfactory. in the Students field, eight indicators about educational status of students was evaluated. 19 points from 24 points was gained and was assessed as desirable.

The evaluation presented 30 major proposal to develop quantitative and qualitative ones, and Environmental Health Department and Environmental Health Course for officials so that a committee was formed to follow up and bring it to fruition proposals. The most important advantage of this plan were develop rules of procedure in Environmental Health Department.

Establishing centers to stop addiction in our country is one of the measures taken to confront this problem. Unfortunately, it has been shown that about 80% of the addicted people who refer to these centers relapse. The present study set out to investigate the possible causes of this problem. This is a case control study in which a questionnaire was used to collect the required data. The subjects were all addicted people who referred to Shahid Mellat Doust and Shahid Family treatment centers in 2000. The criterions for entering the study in case group were the last record of the addicted person ’ s abandonment in Tehran ’ s welfare center (based on the patients ’ records) and using narcotics at the present time. The control group subjects, on the other hand, had abandoned using narcotics at least four months before and had never used any substance so far. The mean age for case group was 35.99 and that of the control group was 35.09. Regarding the age distribution 98.59% of the case group and 100% of the control group were men. 88.7% of the case group and 97.2% of the control group were urban residents. Considering the job, 40.8% of the case group and 19.4% of the control group were unemployed. 52.1% of the case group and 61.6% of control group were living with their spouses. Opium was the most commoly used narcotics in both groups. In studying the relationship between the variables under study through logistic regression the job was not a main factor in the relapse. The duration of time being away from addiction had a deductive effect on the relapse, and this effect was statistically meaningful (p=0.001). Adding one month ’ s time to the period of being clear (not using the narcotics) caused 98% deduction in returning to narcotics. Because 80% of the patients who referred to the related centers began using narcotics again during the first 6 months after abandoning, it is necessary to improve the preventive measures to help the patients pass this critical period.