اوین شافعی

The number of lawsuits against doctors and healthcare personnel and medical institutions has steadily increased in recent years worldwide. The evaluation of medical malpractice in hospital’s mortality committees is one of the ways to investigate medical errors, which, despite the lack of complaints against doctors, addresses malpractices in cases of deaths in hospitals. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of medical malpractice in dead patients examined at the Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran in 2017. Material and This is a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study. In this study, after obtaining the Ethics Committee approval of the Kurdistan University of medical sciences, the records of all the patients died at Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2017 evaluated. Out of these cases, referral cases to the Mortality committee and the outcome of the evaluation of the baccalaureate of the committee were evaluated, and eventually information was extracted from cases where the malpractice was recorded by the hospital mortality committee. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, mean, standard deviation, percentage and for analytical purposes, Chi-square test was used. Data analysis was done using SPSS 22 software. Among the total 732 deaths in Tohid Hospital, the highest number of cases was males (52.6%), illiterate (70.2%), urban residents (73.7%) and housewives (32.9%). The mean age of the deceased was 69.8 years. The largest cause of death was cancers (22.7%). Of the total number of deaths, 25 cases (3.5%) were suspected of having errors in the preliminary evaluation, which malpractice confirmed in 2.3% of all deaths and 68% of the cases referred to the mortality committee. The most type of malpractices were due to Indifference in 58%. The findings of this study showed that the most cases of medical failure were due to medical indifference in medical personnel. Considering the improvement of the abilities of physicians and other medical staff in various stages of treatment during their education and in the form of effective workshops after graduation, and paying more attention to religious standards and ethics can reduce the deaths due to medical malpractice have a significant impact on treatment centers.

Mental workload is one of the affecting factors in efficiency and performance of therapist in the workplace. Neuro feedback is a new modality for improvement of healthy person's daily activity and its quality. The aim of this study is evaluation of neurofeedback effects on mental work load in occupational therapists.
This study has experimental design with pre-post test, experimental- fake group and was performed on 22 occupational therapists. Subjects were divided into two real neuro feedback and mock neuro feedback (placebo) groups. Both groups were treated with neuro feedback for 12 sessions. NASA (task load index) was used to assess both groups before and after the treatment. Effect size and improvement percentage were used to analyze the collected data.
The results of the improvement percentage showed that mental need and hopelessness subscales in real neuro feedback have more than 15% difference in comparison with mock neuro feedback that indicate clinical significant. Effect size in the real neuro feedback on mental need subscale was great and in time need and hopelessness subscales were average. Effect size in mock neuro feedback on total subscales was low.
The effectiveness of real neuro feedback was not due to the changes in the placebo. It can be as a complementary decreasing in the mental work load.