اکرم امینی

Currently, Escherichia coli is considered as one of the main causes of bacterial urinary tract infections. The aim of this study was evaluating the frequency of necrotizing factor type 1 (CNF1) and hemolysin (Hly) genes among E. coli strains isolated from hospitalized patients of Rouhani Hospital in Babol city.

In this descriptive study, a total of 82 E. coli strains were evaluated. Thereafter, antibiogram test was performed and DNA of the bacteria was extracted and the frequency of CNF1 and Hly genes was determined by the help of polymerase chain reaction.

With antibiotic susceptibility testing, resistance to Erythromycin and Imipenem was reported 59 (71.9%) and 0%, respectively. Also, the percentage of multi drug resistant strains was 31.7%. The frequency of CNF1 and Hly genes was reported as 28% and 32.9%, respectively.

According to the results, the frequency of CNF1 and Hly genes among the studied strains was similar to some related studies

Klebsiella pneumoniae is known as one of the opportunistic pathogens. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance, emergence of multidrug resistant strains, and multiple virulence factors contribute to the development of various infections. In this regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of fimH, magA, and rmpA genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in hospitalized patients from Babol, Iran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 65 Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were collected. In the present study, antibiotic resistance pattern was performed using disc diffusion method. After DNA extraction by a commercial kit, the frequency of magA, fimH, and rmpA genes was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. A total of 65 strains was collected from Rouhani (n=42) and Shahid Beheshti (n=23) Hospitals. Based on the antibiogram pattern, the highest resistance rate belonged to erythromycin (61.5%) and cefotaxime (60%) and the lowest resistance rates belonged to imipenem (0%) and ofloxacin (16.9%). Furthermore, in the molecular method, the frequency of fimH and rmpA genes was reported 86.1% and 10.8%, respectively. It should be noted that none of the strains harbored the magA gene. Based on the results of the present study, antibiotic resistance and multidrug resistance strains among Klebsiella pneumoniae strains are increasing. On the other hand, the presence of some virulence factors can play a significant role in the development of resistant strains.

In the recent decades, the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae beta-lactamase producing strains has a significant role in nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of different types of CTX-M enzymes among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae.

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, during six months, K. pneumoniae strains were isolated from laboratory ward of Babol educational hospitals and referred to microbiology laboratory of Babol University of Sciences for final confirmation. Thereafter, antibiogram pattern analysis and the frequency of CTX-M1 and CTX-M15 genes were evaluated. Finally, the results were analyzed by SPSS version 24 software.

During six months of this study in 2017, 65 K. pneumoniae and also other bacterial strains such as Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii were collected from laboratory ward of Shahid Beheshti and Ayatollah Rouhani Hospitals. By disc diffusion method, the highest resistance belonged to Amoxicillin (91%), Cefoxitin (45%), Piperacillin (45%) and the lowest belonged to Amikacin (24%) and Imipenem (0%). On the other hand, the percentage of CTX-M1 and CTX-M15 genes were also found to be 62% and 69%, respectively.

Regarding to the high prevalence of strains containing broad-spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes and due to the antibiotic resistance among K. pneumoniae strains isolated from clinical specimens and also by considering this issue that the current study was the first research for evaluating the frequency of these genes in Babol educational hospitals therefore, it is necessary to adopt appropriate drug regimens to reduce antibiotic resistances

According to the high incidence of Klebsiella pneumoniae nosocomial infections in different wards of health care units and the emergence of high levels of antibiotic resistance, evaluating the frequency of multi-drug resistant strains and recognizing the virulence factors may help treat the related infections.
In this descriptive cross-sectional study, by presenting to the laboratories of Rouhani and Shahid Beheshti hospitals of Babol (Iran) during six months, Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from clinical specimens and transferred to the microbiology laboratory of Babol University of Medical Sciences for confirmation. Afterwards, the antibiotic resistance pattern was identified by disc diffusion method for the following antibiotics: amoxicillin, erythromycin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin, cefixime, amikacin, and imipenem. Finally, after DNA purification by using a commercial kit, mrkD and Kpn genes were evaluated by PCR molecular test.
Sixty Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were isolated from different clinical specimens during six months. By using disc diffusion method, the highest (95.4%) and lowest (0%) resistance rates pertained to amoxicillin and imipenem, respectively. The frequencies of mrkD and Kpn genes were 71% and 63%, respectively.
Due to the high prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae strains and considering that this is the first report of the mentioned genes in Babol, it is necessary to adopt appropriate therapeutic regimens to reduce antibiotic resistance.

Escherichia coli urinary tract infections are known as one of the most important nosocomial infections. Adhesion genes such as sfa and pap which are important in bacterial attachment and colonization in epithelial cells have a significant role in bacterial pathogenecity. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of mentioned genes among E. coli strains isolated from hospitalized patients of Rouhani hospital in Babol city.
A total of 70 E. coli strains were isolated from urinary specimens of Rouhani hospitalized patients and then identified and confirmed with differential tests by using MacConkey agar, TSI, Oxidase test and etc. Thereafter, antimicrobial pattern were carried out by disk diffusion method. Finally the bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and the frequency of genes was determined by molecular method.
FINDINGS: In this study resistance to Erythromycin (65.7%) and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (57%) had the highest resistance ratio. On the other hand the frequency of sfa and pap genes was 60% and 27% respectively.
In this study for the first time the frequency of both sfa and pap virulence factors of E. coli isolated strains from Rouhani hospitalized patients with urinary tract infection were evaluated.

Backgrounds and House dust mites and cockroaches are important indoor allergen sources causing allergic rhinitis and asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate the house dust mite and cockroach prevalence using skin prick test (SPT). In this study 407 allergic rhinitis and asthmatic patients were evaluated. All patients were tested with the aeroallergens using house dust mix، Dermatophagoides farinae، Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and cockroach mix. Data were analyses by Statistical analysis. Total number of 407 patients 212 (52%) males and 195 (48%) females، age between 4 - 70 years، were studied. In asthmatic and allergic rhinitis، the respective positive percentages for house dust، Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus، Dermatophagoides farinae and cockroaches were 23. 3%، 31. 7%، 35. 6% and 32. 9% respectively. Total IgE level elevated in over half of allergic patients. A relatively high prevalence of mites and cockroach sensitivity was found in our study. These figures are is similar with other reports from hot and humid areas.

Allergic diseases are extremely common disorders worldwide. Different allergens can cause allergic symptoms. In order to take preventive measures and appropriate treatment stratgies of allergic diseases، identification of allergens is essential step in each region. The purpose of this study was to determine sensitivity to common aeroallergens by skin prick test. Subjects and In this cross-sectional study، 410 patients with the sign and symptoms of allergic diseases were investigated for 24 common aeroallergens using skin prick test. Data were analyzed by SPSS-18 software using Chi squared test. Of 410 patients 354 (86. 3%) had positive skin test to at least one of the aeroallergens. Common outdoor allergens (65. 6%) were higher than indoor allergens (42. 6%). Outdoor allergens with lots of weeds (62. 3%) were the most common allergens. Among the weeds، Salsola kali and Amaranthus retroflexus had the highest frequency (72. 2 and 70. 7% respectively) and Lolium perenne with 34. 4% had the lowest prevalence. The average concentration of total serum IgE levels in patients with positive reactions was 176 IU/ ml. Sensitization to pollen of the plants is the most common cause of respiratory allergic diseases in Ahvaz. These findings demonstrate that، in order to achieve a better control and prevention of allergic diseases، the role of plan pollens need to be considered as a major contributing factor in this area. Identifying and determining the most common allergens in the region can provide the necessary recommendations to Patients took an important step in controlling and preventing disease.