فهرست مطالب ایمان نظری

Considered life-threatening diseases, including cancer and enhance the emotional disorder and dramatic reduction quality of life in patients. The purpose of this study was to the comparison of the effectiveness of gestalt therapy group and choice theory on marital intimacy in women with breast cancer in Yasouj.

This experimental study was conducted with a pretest, posttest and follow-up design with control group. 45 woman were selected using a purposive sampling method, and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and one control group (each group of 15 woman). To collect data questionnaires such as Marital Intimacy of Waker & Tompson were used. The experimental groups underwent individual Gestalt Therapy Group (8 sessions 90 minutes) and Choice Theory (10 sessions 60 minutes), but the control group received no training. Data were analysed using covariance analysis.

The results showed that both Gestalt therapy group and Choice theory were effective to increasing marital intimacy in women with Breast cancer (p<0/01) and the results showed that there was no significant difference between the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy group and Choice theory on increasing marital intimacy in women with Breast cancer (p>0/05) and these results continued until the follow-up stage.

It can be concluded that Gestalt therapy group and Choice theory are used to increasing increasing marital intimacy in women.

 Addiction as a social problem is a phenomenon that destroyed the ability of society to organize and maintain the order of actual affairs, and it is one of the major causes of early death. The aim of the present research was to determine the mortality rates due to substance and stimulant abuse in the deceased submitted to the forensic medicine department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad who died due to substance abuse in 2013-2018.
Instruments &  This cross-sectional descriptive research was carried out on all portfolios of the deceased submitted to the forensic medicine department of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, who died due to substance abuse in 2013-2018. Data were collected from the medical cases of the subjects. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software, through the descriptive statistics and chi-square test.
 Of the 123 studied cases, 93.5% were male and the rest were female (6.5%). Most of the deceased referred to the forensic medicine department were related to the 20-30 (37.4%) years age group, single people (54.5%), people with diploma (35.8%) and middle school certificates (32.5%), people with the freelance job (42.3%) and unemployed (26.0%). Opium (39.0%), methadone (27.6%) and tramadol (17.9%) had the highest frequency of drug use, respectively. The highest concurrent drug use was observed in opium-methadone (28.4%). There was a significant difference between opium, heroin, glass, tramadol and methadone consumables between 2013 and 2018 (p<0.05).
 The deceased are young people with low education, low income and unemployed as well as addiction to methadone and tramadol has an increasing trend over the years.

The present study aimed to compare the factors affecting sustainable treatment of substance-dependent individuals with relapse, without relapse, and under methadone maintenance treatment. The present research was a causal-comparative study. A total of 150 people were selected as research sample using a convenient sampling method. The research instrument included Cloninger’s Temperament & Character Inventory (TCI) and a researcher-made questionnaire of family, emotional (mood), environmental, and occupational-financial factors. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the three groups regarding occupational and financial factors, so that the mean scores on occupational-financial factors were higher in the methadone maintenance treatment group. Also, the three groups were different from each other regarding the personality factor of harm avoidance and cooperativeness, so that the mean scores on cooperativeness were higher in the group without relapse than the other two groups, and the mean scores on harm avoidance were higher in the group with relapse than in the other two groups. Therefore, it can be said that family support, the acceptance of substance-dependent individuals as a patient in the family, trust in them, as well as the collaboration of the members and their participation in the substance-dependent treatment program can play an important role in preventing relapse. In addition, given that individuals with high scores on harm avoidance are at risk of returning to substance use, identifying these individuals and further monitoring their performance can be effective on more sustainable treatment, and consequently, the rate of damage caused by substance dependence and relapse is reduced in these individuals. Occupational factors also play a critical role in sustainable treatment. Hence, it can be said that having an occupation and occupational skills also contribute to the sustainability of substance-dependence treatment. Therefore, the need to create occupational opportunities to prevent relapse is emphasized.

Among the problems affecting the mental health of war veterans is post traumatic stress disorder. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Gestalt therapy on post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms on veterans of Yasuj city, Iran. The research design was based on pre-post test study with control group and a three month followed-up. The research population included veterans who were referred to Salman hospital and had been diagnosed of having PTSD. The sample included 24 veterans with PTSD which were randomly selected and divided into two groups of experimental and control (n=12). The Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Mississippi Scale (M-PTSD) administered before training for both groups was used to assess symptoms of PTSD. The experimental group was exposed to Gestalt therapy interventions in six, 90 minute weekly sessions. Both groups were conducted measurements after the first, third, fifth and seventh therapy sessions. The data were analyzed using ANCOVA. The results in the post-test stage revealed that Psychological Debriefing and behavioral interventions reduced PTSD symptoms (p<0.01), as well as, the results in followed up stage revealed that Psychological Debriefing and behavioral interventions reduced PTSD symptoms (p<0.05). Gestalt therapy technique can be used as a standard in conjunction with other treatments which can be used to improve the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Patient advocacy concept is a very important issue، because if the me-aning of advocacy in nursing profession is not clear، nurses will not properly prepare to perform one of their basic roles. Sear-ching the literature shows that there is not a useful tool to evaluate the advocacy role of nurses in Iran. Therefore this study was conducted for designing and validating the nursing advocacy scale in Iran. This study was a methodological research. Initially، instr-ument items were designed through a comprehensive overview of present quail-tative and quantitative studies and used tools in the field of nursing advocacy conc-ept in the word. Then، validity of the tool was obtained through face، content and constructs validity and its reliability was obtained via internal consistency and test-retest. Content validity index of Waltz and Bausell for all instruments of nursing advocacy scale was 93. 72. In order to det-ermine face validity of nursing advocacy scale، we tried to use writing، structuring and a seeming logical and interesting for the tool. By using exploratory factor ana-lysis، principal components method and orthogonal Varimax rotation، the factor structure of the nursing advocacy scale instrument was documented in five dime-nsions. Cronbach''s alpha coefficient for nursing advocacy was 0. 920 and test-retest reliability coefficient was 0. 916. Discussion & At the end of the study، «nursing advocacy scale» which co-ntained 57 items، and was composed of five dimensions were designed and prep-ared. These aspects included A) Necessity of nursing advocacy with 12 items، B) Nature of nursing advocacy with 16 items، C) Facilitating factors of nursing advocacy with 10 items، D) Inhibiting factors of nursing advocacy with 13 items and E) and results of nursing advocacy with 6 items.