فهرست مطالب ایمان یوسفی جوان

The study of pharmacological properties of saffron and its effective substances is important considering its clinical and health applications. Arterial and venous blood clot embolism is the most common cause of death worldwide, and cardiovascular disease currently accounts for almost half of all non-communicable diseases. Saffron is one of the medicinal plants used in Iranian medicine to treat heart disease. In this regard, according to reports on lipid peroxidation in platelet membranes and inhibition of platelet adhesion in the blood of healthy people by the use of saffron. In this regard, an experiment was performed to investigate the effect of saffron style extract on blood coagulation process in rats. In a 21-day period, the effect of concentrations of 15, 25 and 50 mg/kg of aqueous extract of saffron style in eight replicates on the parameters of prothrombin (PT), relative thromboplastin time (APPT) and coagulation time (CT) One-month-old male rats were studied in the laboratory of the Faculty of Basic Sciences of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and the results were analyzed by t-test. Concentration of 50 mg/kg caused a significant increase in prothrombin time. In measuring thromboplastin time, the concentration of 25 aqueous extracts of saffron style made a significant difference at the level of 5% compared to the control. Blood coagulation time in all treatments was 7 seconds. Treatment of 15 mg/kg aqueous extract of saffron straw caused a significant reduction (at the level of 5%) in the number of blood platelets. The findings of this study show the coagulation effect of aqueous extract of saffron style and can be helpful for the optimal clinical use of saffron and also in conducting additional research in this field.

In order to investigate the effect of salicylic acid on reduction of the effects of salinity stress in saffron (Crocus sativus L.), an experiment was conducted in Torbat Heydarieh during 2015-2017. The experiments were performed as split plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of salinity stress levels at four levels in the main plots: a1 (1.5 ds.m-1), a2 (3 ds.m-1), a3 (6 ds.m-1), a4 (9 ds.m-1) and the sub plots of salicylic acid in four levels including b1 (zero (control)), b2 (0.4mM), b3 (0.8mM), b4 (1.2mM). Results showed that in the highest salinity level (9 ds.m-1), application of appropriate concentration of salicylic acid increased leaf number and leaf length by 3 and 20% in first year and 20 and 32% in second year , respectively. Also, with the application of salicylic acid, leaf sodium content decreased by 40% and Leaf potassium content increased by 38% in second year. According to the results, salicylic acid caused balances in glucose and proline content, decrease of Na absorption, prevent disorders of K absorption and enhanced RWC leaves. At the highest salinity level salicylic acid application caused a 20% increase in total chlorophyll compared to control in second year. In the case of stigma yield, application of 0.8 mM salicylic acid at 6 and 9 ds/m salinity increased dry stigma yield (1.12 and 2.45 Kg/ha respectively)by 81% and 118%, respectively. Therefore we can suggested that application of 0.8 mM salicylic acid in salinity stress conditions in order to enhance stigma yield and saffron growth and decrease negative effects of salinity.

One of the most serious problems in saffron production is that it is impossible to plant saffron again in a given farm. Therefore, it is essential to identify the reasons for not being able to plant saffron again in a given farm. This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of residual soil of saffron, different ages of saffron field, its corm and extract on quantitative production of saffron in factorial as completely randomized design with three replications during 2016-2018, in a personal farm under natural conditions in Torbate Heydarieh, Iran. The first factor was soil age at three levels (including field soil without background of saffron cultivation (control treatment), field soil from which corms had been taken out two years ago, and soil under cultivation of saffron in the fourth year) and the second factor was the application of corm and its extract in three levels (including non-consumption of corm as control, crushed saffron corm 14 tons per hectare and consumption of aqueous extract of saffron corm with a concentration of 50 percent). The results showed that most traits were affected by treatments and their interactions. The cultivation of saffron in the field caused a significant reduction in the amount of leaf and flower components and their yield (more than 17 and 27 %, respectively). Also, using aqueous extract and crushed saffron corm reduced more than 10% of flower and leaf components and their yield. The highest stigma and leaf yield were observed in the control treatment (9.88 and 240.97 kg.ha-1, respectively) and the least stigma and leaf yield were observed in field soil two years after the outcrop and using crushed corms (2.27 and 16.09 kg.ha-1, respectively). So, it can be stated that remnants of saffron corm in the field significantly reduce the growth, reproduction, leaf and flower yield and its components and it is recommended that the cultivated saffron residues of the previous year be taken out from the soil for re-cultivation of saffron so that its harmful effects do not reduce the growth and yield of new saffron.

Among environmental stresses, drought stress is one of the main constraints for agriculture around the world. To reduce the effects of environmental stresses, it is important to find genotypes that have genes and desirable traits in this field. To this end, one of the most important research objectives is to understand the molecular mechanisms associated with drought resistance in plants. With recent advances in molecular genetics, hundreds of genes that are induced by stress have been identified and used as gene candidates for genetic engineering. Saffron is a plant that grows in arid and semi-arid regions, and unlike many plants, it is a heroine with a different heat regime. The presence of numerous genes to deal with drought stress limitations in this plant can be investigated. By recognizing the genes involved in creating drought stress resistance and selecting suitable native varieties, saffron can produce relatively similar crops in most areas with different climatic conditions. In this study, the presence of AREB, DREB and MPK genes in saffron was proved for the first time. The pattern of expression of these key genes was investigated using Real Time-PCR technique in different organs of saffron plant.

Osmotic stress such as drought, salinity, and cold is one of the most important stresses. The aim of this study was to isolate and evaluate the genes of AREB and MPK2 in order to study the resistance to drought of tomato plants. In this experimental study, seeds of two varieties of Tomato (Red Cloud) and (Peto Pride; resistant and susceptible to drought stress, respectively) were grown in drought treatment levels of -2 and -4. This study used 3 replications by a model based on a completely randomized block design. Sampling was done for Thiobarbituric acid reactive material (TBARM) for each treatment in 3 replications. Randomized and repeated sampling were done for molecular studies and the genes expression. AREB1 and MPK2 genes were studied, using bioinformatics resources and with the help of specific primers, making cDNA, PCR, and Electrophoresis. The analysis of variance test and SPSS 15 software were used Findings: With increasing drought stress, most of morphological traits had a considerable decline, but cellular oxidative index increased with the increase of stress, so that TBARM increased. The expression of AREB1 was higher than that of MPK2 gene expression. The rate of similarity between LeAREB and kinase 2 protein sequences in resistant tomatoes was 31%. With increasing drought stress, most morphological traits have a significant decline, but TBARM shows a significant increase with increasing stress. The AREB1 resistant drought gene is induced by the effects of drought stresses, while the expression of the MPK2 gene does not show a significant difference.

Saffron is grown for using its flower and red color stigma. This plant has many uses in the food industry, paints and medicine. Due to its high monetary worth, identification of genes involved in the flowering is very important. In order to better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of flowering, Gene and gene expression of Pistillata-Like MADS box (PIC2) were studied. The Gene sequences have high homology with other family members of the MADS-box family (one of the transcription factors control the expression of proteins flowers). In this research, the gene was studied using bioinformatics resources. Primers were designed for amplification of the gene and then the total DNA and RNA were extracted from the leaves of saffron. cDNA synthesis was performed by the reverse transcriptase enzyme and it was used as a template for amplification of PIC2 gene by PCR reaction. The reaction was amplified to a fragment with length 900 bp from cDNA and another fragment with length 2100 bp from genomic DNA. This gene encodes a protein that includes 210 amino acids. By analyzing the molecular structure of protein transcripts based on modeling of the gene homology, the spatial figure showed that they have a regular structure.