فهرست مطالب ا. دانائی

This research aimed to explore the empowerment of trainees of agricultural schools for the development of their professional performance. It was a survey study. The statistical population was composed of all trainees studying in agricultural schools in Iran in the 2020-2021 educational year, amounting to 1,119 students, out of whom 169 trainees were sampled by simple randomization. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the closure of the schools, the questionnaires were sent and received by e-mail from the provinces of Tehran, Khuzestan, Fars, Qazvin, Mazandaran, and Semnan. Data were analyzed by the structural equation method using Smart PLS3. Based on the results, the educational content, educational process, management process, technical trainer development, and supply of space, equipment, and technology in agricultural schools have positive and significant effects on the empowerment of trainees in these schools. The standardized path coefficients revealed that the educational content directly accounted for 67.2% of the variance in the trainees’ empowerment. Also, 39.9, 31.1, 30.2, and 29.8% of the variance in the Iranian trainee’s empowerment were captured by the educational process, management process, technical trainer development, and the supply of space, equipment, and technology, respectively.

The first experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of spermidine, citric acid and proline (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) on some metabolites and enzymatic activities of Calendula officinalis L. under drought stress (No stress: Control, 25, 50, and 75% field capacity). The second experiment was performed to study the effect of foliar application of spermidine, citric acid and proline (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) on the post-harvest shelf life of flowers (beginning of the experiment, 5, and 10 days post-harvest). The experiments were factorial in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. All treatments had a significant effect on the measured variables. In the first experiment, FC 25% reduced all traits, FC 75% increased carotenoid, carbohydrate, phenol, flavonoid, protein, Peroxidase (POD) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activities. The highest vitamin C was observed in the control FC. Also, foliar application of 100 mg L-1 proline, increased carotenoid, carbohydrate and phenol, 50 mg L-1 proline increased protein content. Also, 100 mg L-1 of spermidine increased flavonoid and 100 mg L-1 of citric acid increased vitamin C, SOD and POD activities. In the second experiment, all evaluated traits were reduced ten days after harvest, the highest post-harvest life was for 100 mg L-1 of citric acid (9.7 days) and the lowest was for the control (5.3 days). The study results showed that application of 100 mg L-1 spermidine, citric acid and proline with FC 75% improved biochemical properties, nutritional traits, and post-harvest life of Pot marigold.