فهرست مطالب برهان الدین قاری

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two instructional approaches (game based and traditional) on physical activity, self-determined motivation and physical activity enjoyment in university students who participated in physical education classes. This study was semi-experimental. The participants included 30 male university students (mean age 20.67±1.72 years) who were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups: game based instruction and traditional instruction. They participated in 18 sessions (for 6 weeks and 3 sessions a week) of basketball. The data were collected by the System for Observing Fitness Instruction Time, Beurer pedometer, Intrinsic Motivation Inventory, and Self-Determination Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, independent t test, ANCOVA, and RANCOVA were used for analysis of data. The results showed significant differences between game based and traditional groups in the duration of moderate to high intensity physical activity and the number of steps (P≤0.001). There were no significant differences in physical activity enjoyment and a sense of competence between game based and traditional groups; But there were significant differences between two groups in autonomy (P≤0.001) and belonging (P≤0.013).The results showed that game based instructional approach can enhance physical activity level and quality of motivation of university students in physical education classes.

The present study investigated the effects of the three instructional approaches including tactical-based (TGFU), the hybrid, and the technique to tactic (traditional) on the university students’ decision-making, skill execution, support and basic techniques learning in Basketball. The study adhered to a quasi-experimental design by employing pre-, mid-, post-, retention and transfer tests to evaluate the participants’ performance over eight weeks. The participants included 45 male students, who were divided into three groups of TGFU (n=15), hybrid (n=15), and the traditional one (n=15). The treatment was designed and implemented during an 18-session practice program. The results demonstrated that TGFU and hybrid groups outperformed the third group in decision-making and support factors, while in terms of Basketball Skills Test, hybrid and traditional groups performed better. The findings suggest that tactic-based models and using a questioning process based on a modified game framework is an appropriate training method for improving game performance in male students and it seems that the progress can be more transferable to the real game situation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between performance and the perception of size of target under internal and external attention focus conditions as well as the relationship between the initial perception of the size of target and performance. 70 male students (mean age of 21±1.6 years) voluntarily participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to internal and external attention focus based on the type of attentional instruction. Subjects performed dart throwing task in 20 trials. The target size estimation test was performed before the trials, after the last trial and after the first successful trail. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for data analysis. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between the performance and perception of target size in external focus group. But in internal focus group, a significant relationship between performance and perception of the size of the target was not observed. Also, there was no significant relationship between the initial perception and performance in both groups. It is suggested that the focus of attention can be a mediating factor for action-specific perception phenomenon.

Physical and mental health is important for the whole groups of society, especially veterans. The purpose of present research was the comparison of body dimensions satisfaction and sociophysical anxiety between veteran athletes of team and single sports.Instrument & The present causal postevent study was done in 2014. Statistical samples included 70 men veteran athletes which were selected randomly from team (35 athletes) and single (35 athletes) sports. Instruments of research were questionnaires of body dimensions satisfaction and sociophysique anxiety. Data analysis was performed using independent T test in SPSS 19 software. The mean age of participants was 42.04±2.52 years. Veteran athletes of team sports had significantly more body dimensions satisfaction and less sociophysique anxiety in comparison with veteran athletes of single sports (p≤0.05). Veteran athletes of team sports have more body dimensions satisfaction and less sociophysique anxiety in comparison with veteran athletes of single sports.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of manipulating sensory and cognitive interference on the dynamic balance task. The research sample was consisted of 60 students of Urmia University of Physical Education with the 25-19 age range. Subjects were targeted in four groups: control, impaired vision, impaired somatosensory and visual removed and performed balance task in the balance system dynamic, once without cognitive task and once with the cognitive task. For analyze the data were used Analysis of variance with repeated measures, ANOVA and Tukey test. Results showed significant main effects test type and interaction with effect of group (P≤0.01).In other words, the secondary cognitive task has significant effects on the dynamic balance. ANOVA test results showed a significant difference between groups in both types of test. Finally, the results showed that there is a paired difference between the groups, except of visual impairment with sensory impairment groups. As a result, the increased cognitive load can disturbed perform of dynamic balance task. Also the dynamic balance task is related to somatosensory and visual information and Impairment of the senses, causing a decrease in performance of optimal task.