بهار ضمیران

In order to plan scientific and socially- realistic program and with regard to the limited facilities and capacities of society, it is necessary to prioritize social problems and gradually plan to control them. The aim of this study was to evaluate students' perspectives of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences on social problems in campus and community. This study was a cross-sectional research carried out in Tabriz University of Medical Science in summer of 2017. After designing the questionnaire and evaluating its validity and reliability, the self-administered questionnaire was completed by 370 students. Convenience sampling method was used. Friedman test was applied to rank social harms. After data collection, data was entered into SPSS software version 16, and ranked social harms based on the mean rank scores of each item. From the students’ point of view, unemployment with a score of 19.3, poverty 17.3, addiction 16.6, nepotism 16.6, and high prices 15.4 were the major social harms in the community. Nepotism 9.2, lack of motivation 8.6, lack of job conscience 8.4, discrimination 7.8 and brain drain 7.3 were the major social harms in the campus. There was a significant difference between the views of female and male students on social harm in the campus regarding alcohol consumption, nepotism and dropout. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the views of native and non-native students on social harms in campus. The findings of this study indicated that from the students’ point of view, unemployment, poverty, and addictions are the major social harms in the community. In addition, nepotism, lack of motivation, lack motivation, and lack of job conscience are the major social harms in campus.

Many researches have been done on the addiction process، but few studies have examined the process of resiliency against addiction. This study was aimed to identify the facilitating and inhibiting factors in the young people’s resiliency process by analyzing their living experiences. This qualitative study was based on grounded theory with Strauss and Corbin’s approach. The data underwent open، axial and selective coding. The study focused on Darvaze Ghar neighborhood of Tehran. Data were collected through open unstructured interviews and focus group discussion. In total، 21 interviews were conducted with 12 respondents and a focus group discussion was held with 7 participants. Lincoln and Guba (1985) scales were used to ensure the trustworthiness of the study. The obtained codes were classified into 19 categories، including personal characteristics، family support، culture، spirituality، spiritual beliefs، environment، and social interventions. According to their nature، these categories were facilitating or inhibiting the process of resiliency against substance abuse. The youth with more religious beliefs، awareness، self-confidence، optimism and hatred towards drugs are more resilient against substance abuse. Moreover، the families with a higher sense of responsibility trust and monitor their children’s activities، talk to them about different issues and provide them with good trainings from the very childhood; therefore their children will be more resilient against addiction.

International studies show that women are at risk of poverty, social disadvantage and reduction of their health more than men. In particular teenage girls and young women due to less access to education, advocacy, economic capital and skills to improve their economic status are more vulnerable. In this paper, reviewed and compared strategies for empowering girls and young women in Africa and Latin America.Source: This study done with systematic review articles method. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund Institute reports, The Adolescent Girls’ Advocacy and Leadership Initiative (AGALI) and world bank- poverty- inequality and gender group America and the Caribbean Region was assayed. 23 projects of empowerment strategies used in 24 countries and reviewed, analyzed, classified and compared. Seven strategies were extracted. These strategies includes: financial services, employment and life skills and social protection in Africa and gender equality strategies, women empowerment in agriculture, increase of women income and activation of women labour in Latin America and the Caribbean were extracted. Using of different strategies according to the needs and cultural factors, social and geographic items Recommended.