بهزاد غلامعلیئی

Diabetes is a debilitating disease negatively affects the job performance and quality of life of patients. Since type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease and creates disability and the patients need lifetime care, the quality of life in patients is highly affected by this disease and its implications. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-esteem, resilience and quality of life among patients with type 2 diabetes in Hamadan City.
In this analytical cross-sectional study, 186 patients with type 2 diabetes who had medical records in Hamadan Diabetes Center were examined, in 2015. Data collection instruments included: Coppersmith’s self-esteem inventory, Connor-Davidson resilience scale and the World Health Organization’s quality of life questionnaire. Data analysis was performed via SPSS 19 software utilizing descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression and independent T-test.
Two variables: self-esteem (P The quality of in patients with diabetes is improved life with increasing self-esteem and resilience of them. Offering suitable strategies to raise self-esteem and resilience in diabetic patients causes an improvement of quality of life in these patients.

Marriage and family are one of the factors in mental health and individuals’ life styles and its role in reducing personal and social disruptions is known. In order to plan properly and increase youth’s awareness of right marital criteria, it is necessary to know their viewpoints. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the criteria of married couples about to get married referred to the Marriage Counseling Center of Tuyserkan City in 2015.
This study was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study that was conducted on 204 couples referred to the marriage counseling center, who were selected by the available sampling method, in 2015. The research instrument was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics and preference criteria of spouse selection inventory (PCSS). The data were analyzed by using the chi-square and Spearman correlation test, using SPSS version 17 at the level of error of less than 0.05.
The results showed that among married criteria, 183 persons (89.5%), 179 persons (87.7%) and 177 persons (86.8%) chose love, chastity and mental health. Couples in urban areas married at higher ages. Also, there was a significant relationship between income and occupation and the gender of the couples (P It is essential to hold marriage preparation courses targeting and identifying desire educational needs of the target group in the appropriate time to create right attitude in mate selection criteria..

Delay in diagnosis and timely beginning of treatment are among the effective factors on successful fight against tuberculosis. This study aimed to identify the factors leading to delayed diagnosis of tuberculosis in Abadan during 2010-2013. As a retrospective cohort study, 367 patients with tuberculosis were studied in Abadan. The delayed diagnosis was defined as the 3 month or higher interval from onset of symptoms until diagnosis. Data were collected by the prepared check list including gender, residence location, age group and time of diagnosis, together with the clinical variables including type of tuberculosis, sputum smear test result, HIV status and treatment groups. The chi-square test was applied to evaluate any relationship between variables and delay in diagnosis. Data were statistically analyzed by STATA version 12. Among the 367 enrolled tuberculosis patients, 250 (68%) were male and 316 (86.1%) participants were living in urban areas. Delayed diagnosis was significant different between the residence locations (p=0.025) i.e. delay in rural area was higher than urban areas. Furthermore delay in diagnosis of HIV positive cases was lower than HIV negative patients (p=0.025). Median of delay was 2 months. The delay in tuberculosis diagnosis was higher in men and in rural areas. Thus, patient screening programs should be strengthened, especially for men and rural areas.

One of the Millennium Development Goals is 50% reductions in tuberculosis (TB) mortality rates by 2015, compared to 1990. This study was aimed to determine the factors associated with mortality in patients with tuberculosis in the city of Abadan during 20092013. The present cross-sectional survey studied all of the registered tuberculosis cases in Abadan during 2009 to 2013. The patients’ information were provided through tuberculosis registration software, together with patients’ records in health centers of Abadan. Among of the total 367 identified TB patients, 36 (%9.8) patients have been passed away. The mortality relative risk of patients with early treatment 3+ sputum smear test was 12.8 increased compared to the patients with 1+ sputum smear test. Furthermore, the risk of death in group 2 of treatment (including relapses, treatment failures and the absence of treatment) were significantly greater (2.87 times) than the new treated patients (group 1 of treatment). The mortality rate of TB patients is affected by some factors like treatment group (previous treatment history) and the result of sputum smear test at the beginning of treatment. So, the health care system should be more sensitive to identify and treat TB patients at the proper time and in accordance with the standard protocol, in order to reduce treatment failures, relapses, and most importantly resistance to treatment of the patients.

Motorcycling is one of the most important factors of causing injury and motorcyclists are assumed to be as a vulnerable group of road accidents. Evaluation of epidemiological characteristics of traffic accidents in motorcyclists provides valuable information to be used for determination of research priorities. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of country-level traffic accidents among motorcyclists in 2013.
In this Cross-sectional study data was collected and studied from the national accidents record program in 2013. All traffic accidents, that injured people has received medical services in any private or public hospitals, were considered. Incident rate of accidents in motorcyclists was calculated per ten thousand. For the occurrence of accidents, GIS software package was used and data analysis was done by Ecxel 2010 and Stata 11.
In the present study, all injured motorcyclists included 168239 male and 23222 female. Number of traffic accidents in men was higher than women [87.9% and 12.1%, respectively] and the most affected people were in range of 20-24 years old group. Also, most of the traffic accidents has occurred on streets and alleys (84.12%).
Most of the traffic accidents has occurred in young people and urban areas. To reduce the risky behaviors and therefore decrease in the rate of motorcyclists’ traffic accident, development of strict laws and improvement of the cultural awareness should be emphasized more strongly.

Low levels of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes is one of the greatest challenges in the treatment and control of diabetes, this study was designed to determine medication adherence and its related factors in patients with type II diabetes in 2015.
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 300 patient's records with type 2 diabetes in the health centers of Tuyserkan city were randomly selected. Data collection instrument was self-made questionnaire which consisted of factors related to medication adherence questionnaire and medication adherence questionnaire. Questionnaires were completed after Confirmed validity and reliability, by questioning and interviews. To analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics (T-test, ANOVA, Simple and multiple linear regression) were applied, using spss software, version 19.
26.3% of patients were male and 73.7% were female. Also, 65% of patients were illiterate, 24% of patients had some degree of symptoms, 59.4% of patients had poor medication adherence. There were a significant relationship between age, education, patient care and treatment expenditure, health care team and health system, therapy-related factors and condition-related factors, beliefs about illness, efficacy, concerns about drugs with medication adherence (P This study showed that medication adherence in diabetes patients are not suitable and individual, economical and social factors affect on it.Therefore, the role of these factors must be considered when designing intervention programs.

With respect to the aging process, one of the challenges facing the health sector in the coming years is cause of accidents in the elderly which has an effective portion in disability and death. In Iran, accidents and their causes in the elderly, to take the necessary measures has not been well studied. This study was conducted in 2014, with the aim of determination of the factors associated with injuries caused by accidents in the elderly referred to hospital of Tuyserkan city. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 222 elderly referred to hospital of Tuyserkan city that have accidents in 2014. First, by referring to the fight against diseases of public health center, primary data were taken about status of victims, and then with referring to the hospital, checklist of injuries from medical records was completed. Checklist Including personal information, type, severity, time and consequences of the damage. The data were analyzed by statistical software SPSS16. The extent of injuries in men was more than in women (respectively 62/2% and 37/8%). Most elderly people injured are in age group of 60 to 64 years (58/1%). Also, most injuries was related to traffic accidents and falls (respectively 38/7% and 35/6%). Severity of the injuries were moderate (58%). Elderly people, due to physiological conditions are in danger of accidents and their irreversible effects. Therefore, effective and regular training about injury prevention and secure of living environment and society for the elderly, and regarding to reduction of injuries in this age group is necessary.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorders in pregnancy. Identifying risk factors for GDM helps to better understand the disorder and develop appropriate screening Strategies. This study aims to identify risk factors for GDM among pregnant women in rural areas of Hamadan province. This was a case-control study. GDMs were extracted in rural areas of Hamadan province during the year 2011. After removing those who migration out of the province، died cases and those with a history of diabetes deaths، 112 pregnant women with GDM were identified. The control group was selected and necessary matches between the two groups were performed. After referring to their pregnancy files، The checklist were completed. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software، version 11، an and error level less than 5% was considered. Most cases were in the age group 30-40 (57. 1%)، Their mean age was 33. 3±0. 5 years. 37. 5% of cases had experienced third pregnancy. Body Mass Index (P=0. 03)، history of hypertension before pregnancy (P=0. 03) and a history of high-risk pregnancies (P=0. 003) had a significant relationship with GDM. According to the results of the present study، high BMI، history of high-risk pregnancy، history of hypertension before pregnancy had a significant relationship with GDM. Because of the differences in some of the relevant factors for GDM in different locations، prospective studies with larger sample size and standard criteria for the diagnosis of GDM is necessary.

YPLL index is important in prioritizing health interventions. This index gives more weight to death of the younger people. Using this index one can calculate major causes of premature death and compare them with other societies. This study is aimed at determining the main causes of premature deaths in Toyserkan. The study population based on the 2011 mortality data was Tuyserkan. Mortality data from death certificates, that had already been extracted and entered into the software, were collected. The standard World Health Organization software was used to calculate YPLL. After removing the empty code number, 707 deaths were analyzed. Total mortality rate was 6.7 per 1,000 people. And per 1,000 people, a total of 122.2 years of life was lost due to premature death. Except those aged 30-39 years and 70-79 years, in all age groups the YLL rates in women were higher than in men. Cardiovascular diseases, accidents, respiratory illnesses are placed first to third in the YLL respectively. The results showed that non-communicable diseases are the main cause of premature death in Tuyserkan while changing patterns of communicable diseases to non-communicable diseases as the leading cause of deaths in the city are seen.