فهرست مطالب بهزاد قلیزاده

The Covid-19 pandemic has made fundamental changes in the human world at the levels of relationships, jobs, education, and health issues. This qualitative study was conducted to identify the components of basic psychological coping in people with Covid-19 disease.

The participants of this study were selected from the list of names of Ardabil Health Network in a purposeful manner. The time of approval of the research was 1399 and the date of its completion was 1400. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. Therefore, 20 patients who were hospitalized at home were asked through semi-structured interviews and data analysis process continued until reaching the theoretical saturation point. In this study, 123 codes related to research objectives were identified using open coding method.

The results of the analysis showed three main issues and thirteen primary classes. The main subject of symptoms includes physical, psychological and social classes. The main subject of coping skills includes the first classes of entertainment, nutrition, spiritual, psychological, medical, social resources and despair. The main subject of consequences includes the first classes of life, the first class of concerns and the first class of relationships.

Thus, people with Covid-19 disease, use all kinds of problem-focused to emotion-focused coping strategies and all of their resources even negative coping ways to cope and to survive. Therefore, body and mind coherently tries to ensure the survival of the person.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive flexibility and craving in substance-dependent individuals.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of this study included all individuals with substance abuse who referred to Azadi addiction treatment center in Ardabil in 2019. Among them, 30 individuals were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental (n=15) and control (n=15) groups. In the pretest and posttest stages, both groups answered the cognitive flexibility questionnaire and the post-detoxification craving scale. The experimental group received eight sessions of acceptance and commitment therapy and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed based on multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy significantly increased one of the components of cognitive flexibility (including the perception of different options component) in the experimental group, but it had no significant effect on other components of cognitive flexibility including controllability perception and behavior justification perception. Also, this intervention reduced craving in the experimental group.

The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy can increase cognitive flexibility and also decrease craving in substance-dependent individuals under treatment. Also, this treatment can be used along with other pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments.

 The prevalence of risk-taking behaviors is a severe health threat. According to rapid social changes, it has recently been considered by health organizations, law enforcement, and social policymakers. The present study aimed to predict risk-taking behaviors based on the role of perceived social support components, emotional expression, and brain-behavioral systems in substance-dependent patients.

This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the study included all substance-dependent patients referring to substance dependence treatment centers in Ardabil City, Iran, in 2018. In total, 113 substance-dependent patients were selected by convenience sampling method. The study instruments included Rajaee and shafiee's Risk-Taking Behaviors Questionnaire, Zimet's Multiple Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), King, and Emmons's Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (EEQ), and Carver and White's Brain-Behavioral Systems Questionnaire (BIS/BAS). The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous-entry multiple regression analysis in SPSS.

 The achieved results suggested a significant negative correlation between perceived social support from family, friends, and others, with the risk-taking behaviors of substance-dependent patients (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between negative emotional expression and the risk-taking behaviors of substance-dependent patients among emotional expressiveness components (P<0.01). Moreover, among the components of brain-behavioral systems, there was a significant positive correlation between behavioral activation system and risk-taking behaviors (P<0.01). Additionally, the regression analysis results revealed that approximately 49% of the total variance of risk-taking behaviors of patients with substance dependence was predicted based on perceived social support components, emotional expression, and brain-behavioral systems (P<0.001).

 In general, perceived social support from family and friends, negative emotional expression, and behavioral activation system can predict risk-taking behaviors in substance-dependent patients.

Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) is a multi-purpose indicator species in Arasbaran region, especially in Horand County and a remarkable amount of its fruits is traditionally exploited every year. This research was focused on the quantitative evaluation of production and the economic importance of sumac in the household's economy of Aghboraz Village of Horand County. The data were collected in two parts, including the quantitative evaluation of fruit production via random-systematic sampling strategy and socio-economic analysis about harvesting, selling and processing of sumac via semi-open questionnaire. Based on the results, the average number of sumac stem per hectares was 3928 and its average yield was estimated 428.16 kg per ha. Sum and average of harvested sumac by rural household was 8455 kg and 422.75 kg, respectively. The average annual harvest value of households was 46500 thousand Rials. The average annual household income from raw and processed sumac was estimated 7740 and 46480 thousand Rials, respectively. The average share of household income from the sumac harvesting was 44% of total household income varied from 0.9% to 100% among different households. The average added value created by processing was 332500 Rials. According to the results, it can be concluded that sumac species can be effective in improving the economic situation of the villagers.

Ischemic heart disease is the main cause of death in most societies. The disease has no cure and diseases management is necessary throughout the life of the patient. Medical adherence for preventing further progression of the disease and stroke is very important. The purpose of this study is to review the effect of self-management program and telephone follow up on medical adherence in patients with ischemic heart disease.
The study is a randomized controlled trial (RCT) which contains 60 patients with ischemic heart disease who are eligible for inclusion criteria. They divided randomaly into two equal control and experimental groups. All samples were examined with demographic and medical adherence questionnaire at first. The intervention group participated in the workshop of self management program during the first week after discharging. Then, it was followed up by phone for 8 weeks. Finally 3 and 6 months weeks after the last call, the questionnaire of medical adherence were fulfilled again by all samples and the results of the two different periods were compared.
The results showed that there is no meaningful statistical difference due to demographic characteristic and medical adherence between two groups of examination before interference. But medical adherence of the intervention group after instruction of self management program and telephone follow up increased in a meaningful way compared to pre-intervention on 3 and 6 month periods (p Due to improvement of the medical adherence in the intervention group, instruction of self management programs and telephone follow up is recommend in patients with ischemic heart disease

Stress is a negative emotional experience and assessment of unreasonable events that will lead to environmental disturbance. Nursing is a difficult and stressful job. The contradiction between trying to provide care for patients and poor management policy on productivity and job satisfaction can lead to emotional exhaustion, decreased motivation and interest in the work environment, apathy, and emotional burnout syndrome.
Aims: The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of stress management training and emotional regulation on job satisfaction of nurses. For this purpose 90 nurses working in Bushehr Shohadaye Khalij-e Fars hospital, randomly selected and divided into two case and control groups. The case group was trained for stress management and emotional regulation for three weeks.
The results indicate the effectiveness of the intervention on overall job satisfaction (t=4.75, p Implementation of these interventions, in addition to increasing the productivity of nurses, copes with the challenges of their jobs and could decrease the psychological problems.

Normal functioning of life disrupts in cancer patients and this disruption has a negative impact on mental health.
Having a purpose in life, spiritual beliefs, tolerance and spiritual approach to health can help these patients to improve the quality of life.
This study was design to determine the effectiveness of spiritual therapy in mental health of cancer patients. Seventy patients was randomly selected in Bushehr Cancer Center and categorized to case and control groups. Patients of case group have participated in eight sessions of spiritual approach class. The control group did not participate in any educational sessions. After one month, mental health questionnaires (GHQ-28) were completed by both case and control groups.Spss20 and t-test were used for data analysis.
The results showed that mean score of mental health experimental group (t=4.97, p Spiritual therapy can modify patient's attitudes toward the disease and suggested to use in cancer patients by health giver.

One of the popular studies in medical sciences for finding risk factors and the reason of the disease, are case-control studies that the important index we can calculate is odds ratio. but some confounders which effect on response variable challenge the OR’s validity and present OR more or less than the real value. One way of omitting the effect of confounder is designing matched studies. Logistic regression is one of the general method for modeling this studies. This article compares 3 logistic regression model: independence, marginal and conditional. This study has been conducted on correlated simulated data. Thus the data is simulated from bivariate normal distribution with the correlation coefficients (0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8). Then with changing cut-off points at(0.05,0.25), (0.25,0.1), (0.25,0.15), (0.25,0.25) for their c.d.f ,we convert continues distribution to categorical binary distribution which data are related together. Then 3 logistic regression model in independence, marginal and conditional version fit to data and calculate OR. With 10000 times iteration, we compare 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles values and the median OR percentile value at the above cut-off points for all there models. When the correlation is zero, all three models have the same quantity for OR and also changing in point have the same coefficient. But with the increasing correlation between the observations, OR between marginal model and independence model is not different. But its value will vary with the conditional model. For example, the cut-off point (0.25,0.1) and when the correlation is 0.6, median of OR that obtained in marginal model and independence model is 2.8, but in conditional model this quantity is 5 and it is twice of fitted value. When the correlation between observation is high, using of conditional model is more correctly method and with increasing this correlation , our error rate by using independence or marginal model rises. But when correlation between observations is negligible, using of the three models give similar estimates.

One of the popular studies in medical sciences for finding risk factors and the reason of the disease, are case-control studies that the important index we can calculate is odds ratio. but some confounders which effect on response variable challenge the OR’s validity and present OR more or less than the real value. One way of omitting the effect of confounder is designing matched studies. Logistic regression is one of the general method for modeling this studies. This article compares 3 logistic regression model: independence, marginal and conditional.

This study has been conducted on correlated simulated data. Thus the data is simulated from bivariate normal distribution with the correlation coefficients (0,0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8). Then with changing cut-off points at(0.05,0.25), (0.25,0.1), (0.25,0.15), (0.25,0.25) for their c.d.f, we convert continues distribution to categorical binary distribution which data are related together. Then 3 logistic regression model in independence, marginal and conditional version fit to data and calculate OR. With 10000 times iteration, we compare 2.5 and 97.5 percentiles values and the median OR percentile value at the above cut-off points for all there models.

When the correlation is zero, all three models have the same quantity for OR and also changing in point have the same coefficient. But with the increasing correlation between the observations, OR between marginal model and independence model is not different. But its value will vary with the conditional model. For example, the cut-off point (0.25,0.1) and when the correlation is 0.6, median of OR that obtained in marginal model and independence model is 2.8, but in conditional model this quantity is 5 and it is twice of fitted value.

When the correlation between observation is high, using of conditional model is more correctly method and with increasing this correlation, our error rate by using independence or marginal model rises. But when correlation between observations is negligible, using of the three models give similar estimates.