فهرست مطالب بهمن قاسمی

The main purpose of this study was to provide a model of the factors affecting the success of marketing Iranian organic agricultural products using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory. The data collection instrument was semi‐structured interviews with 12 marketing managers of companies producing organic agricultural products selected by the purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was performed in three stages of open, axial, and selective coding in which 343 key concepts, 111 codes, and 32 subcategories were identified and classified into five main categories including "product‐related factors", "price‐related factors", "promotion‐related factors", "consumer‐related factors", and "production‐related factors". Finally, a comprehensive model of the factors influencing the marketing success of organic agricultural products is presented.

Majority of Islamic scholars except Ibn Taymiyyah and other Salafies maintain that setting up grave on the tomb is permissible. Although some scholars believe that if the intension behind this act be flaunting, it is haram. Those allowing this act argue that the verse "We will set up a place of worship over them." is a good proof. On the other hand, those believing in forbidding this act maintain that building grave will lead to associationism and conclude that we must destroy the graves. They doubt on the interpretation of the above-mentioned verse and say this ritual was for the previous nations and the Muslims are not allowed to do this. And some Wahhabi also believe that those wanting to build mosque on the grave of companions of the cave were the pagans not the Muslims. But, if we have a careful study, we will know that those wanting to establish mosque were the Muslims and not the pagans. And also, if we study the narrations forbidding this act, it will be cleared that this prohibition was for the worshipping of the dead by the pagans and there is no contradiction in building the monument for worshipping the God.

In the current study impacts of fluid sloshing on the dynamic performance of a partially filled tank vehicle have been investigated. A nonlinear and three-dimensional solver of fluid flow equations were coupled with dynamic equations of a three degrees of freedom moving tank vehicle through an intermediate software to simulate the fluid sloshing behavior inside the tank and the vehicle dynamic performance influenced by liquid sloshing. The fluid sloshing solver is based on corrected Navier-Stokes equations which are included some additional terms owed to taking tank vehicles motions into account. In the present work we used “body weighted method” to consider the effects of accelerating motions of the tank on fluid’s elements. The mentioned method was used to simulate the partially filled container during accelerating horizontal motion which crashed an obstacle after a while from the start point. Computed results were compared to experimental results from literatures to valid the proposed method. The water level evolution on the left wall of the container compared to the experimental one showed a good agreement. Moreover, the two-dimensional rectangular container subjected to periodic external excitation was considered. The pressure history on the tank wall was compared to the measured impact pressure to figure out the ability of the scheme to capture the flow properties to anticipate the exerted forces on the walls. One is observed that there is a good agreement between the computed and measured results. Furthermore, the coupled tank vehicle-fluid simulation has been done during vertical excitations through passing symmetric bumps.

The question about seeking intercession of the Holy Prophet (S) is one of the issues of contention between Wahabis and other Muslims. Muslims generally believe that seeking the Prophet's intercession is allowed and permissible today as it was permissible in his lifetime. One of the reasons for permissibility of this act is Uthman's b. Hanif's tradition which has been narrated in some Sunni books with a reliable chain of transmission. On the contrary, Wahabis have rejected seeking the Holy Prophet's intercession after his demise saying this act is tantamount to believing in invisible power for God's servants; such a belief amounts to shirk (polytheism). That is because Allah, the Exalted, alone is capable of doing things which are invisible and it is not permissible to associate any partners with him in this regard. For this reason, Wahabis are of the view that those who seek intercession are unbelievers. In their belief, Uthman b. Hanif's hadith does not signify permissibility of intercessions nor does it indicate that the predecessors did this. Even if this hadith is assumed to be valid, it still does not indicate permissibility of intercession after the demise of the Prophet (S).
Anyhow, if we look carefully at the purport of this tradition, it is inferred that the hadith, which does not seem to be having any difficulty, signifies permissibility of seeking intercession of the Prophet (S) in the intermediate world, and it can be said that the objections raised by Wahabis is rejected.

Physalis is a tropical fruit, native to South America. Due to its pleasant taste and medicinal properties, it has recently found many fans in Iran, and has been considered as a valuable and expensive fruit. This research, arranged as completely randomized design with three replications, was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of Thidiazuron (0, 20 and 40 mg/L) on size and some qualitative characteristics of physalis fruits. The obtained results showed that fruit size and fresh weight were significantly increased (P≤0.01) at 20 and 40 mg/L trestments as compared to the control. The electrical conductivity, total soluble solids (TSS) and lycopene content of fruits decreased with increasing concentration of Thidiazuron (P≤0.01). Also, increasing Thidiazuron concentrations from 20 to 40 mg/L led to significantly increasing (P≤0.01) fruit maturity time (7 and 11 days, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed that storage life of the fruits was significantly increased (P≤0.01) by increasing the Thidiazuron concentration. The untreated fruits showed the least shelf life (11 days) at room temperature, while fruits treated with 20 and 40 mg/L Thidiazuron had higher shelf life (22 and 28 days, respectively). Although application of Thidiazouron reduced somehow some qualitative features of the fruits at harvest time, but increased considerably the quantitative traits (fruit size and weight) and fruit shelf life.