بهنام حبیبی

The principle of access to justice is composed of a set of legal and organizational factors for the civil justice system to provide accessible and effective judicial services. The principle of access is one of the strategic principles in the general theory of civil procedure, which has a moral basis and a functional approach. Among the features of the principle of access to justice should be easy access, free access and quick access to the courts of law. Easy access to the allocation of resources and judicial facilities is based on judicial accountability and ritual compliance. The principle of free access comes into effect once the process of judicial proceedings, such as litigation, private litigation, and compulsory advocacy starts.
In the present paper, the concepts of access to justice will be Finally, some conclusions will be drawn on the principle of access to the judicial system. The approach taken in this essay is within the purview of comparative studies.

Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics in which practical solution in strategies of each reactor has direct impact on other reactors decisions. Therefore, there is an interior dependence between reactors that have an influence on the result of the game. Game theory is actually meant to analyze players profit based on the game theory. The civil procedures game theory is to analyze the civil gamers' behavior. However, interchangeable factors such as either party's expectations from judicial system, their incomplete information, incompetent trial regularity as long as illogical motivations can misdirect the procedures of "choice of strategy" and lead to unwanted and unpleasant trial results. Civil games can be cooperative and uncooperative. In an uncooperative civil game theory each reactor's choice of strategy will be conservative which leads the result to be no predictable or "win-lose". On the contrary, through a cooperative civil game theory each gamer is aware of other gamer's procedures. Their information will be partly shared, so the results wil be predictable and "win-win." This article , focuses on the concept and the basis of the game theory and the effective factors on the game and types of civil procedure games along with a focus on cooperative game procedure.

The term ''Folklore'' verbally means public and people's culture. Expressions or symbols of folklore include productions, works, creativity, believes and traditions of a group or a definite society which have been flourished and emerged via tangible or intangible ways, in the form of artistic (either performances or nonperformances) or literary works or in the form of indigenous knowledge (including medical, agricultural and environmental science) and natural and ecologic sources. These factors have always been the instrument of recognizing the communities and also have been the cultural, biological and historical identity of such societies. In this essay, along with the clarifying the concept and historical background of folklore expressions, three traits of folklore, including the oldness, belonging to a certain territory and collectivity, will be studied. However, in association with the identity of folklore, three theories are propounded, including ''sui generis'', '' exploitation right'' and ''property right'', in which collective property right is accepted and finally the abstractness of relationship between creators and owner against aspects of folklore is regarded as acceptable.

Folklore consists of two separate words, "folk" and "lore". "Folk" means people and "lore" means knowledge. Generally, the folklore refers to culture and traditional knowledge. We can also define folklore as a collection of works, creations, ideas and tradition of certain groups or ethnics belonging to a nation that include tangible and intangible elements, such as, literature and artistic work, values, practices, traditional knowledge and the like. In this article, we have reviewed the experience of certain countries in this respect. We have also discussed the model law drafted by WIPO and UNESSCO for protection of folklore. This article is mainly dealt with this model law in order to assess whether it has been successful in providing full photoreaction of folklore.

Expressions of Folklore include (but are not limited to) productions, creations, innovations, beliefs and traditions belonging to a specific group or society. Also natural and genetic recourses are included in the Expressions of Folklore. Folklore is probably the most important and well-acclaimed component of the cultural heritage of a nation. The Issues discussed in this article highlight one crucial point: An attempt to protect indigenous folkloric works and traditional knowledge within existing intellectual property law system is akin to fitting a square peg in a round hole. The former underlies a dominant social and economic order, which has afforded little accommodation to the principles espoused by the latter.The tenets of individualism and economic value that are central to Eurocentric thought and legal order are alien to indigenous peoples, who embrace a holistic attitude to life and nature.It is this understanding that should inform the dominant social order vis-à-vis any attempt to accommodate the interests of indigenous peoples in the legal system. It is suggested here that the most suitable means of addressing the problem is through the enactment of sui generis legislation, which recognizes indigenous intellectual property rights as a distinct and separate group of rights from copyright regimes though there may be similarities.The legislative action must be reinforced by effective policy guidelines and protocols, as well as educational campaigns that promote recognition of the right of indigenous peoples to own and benefit from their own cultural heritage.