فهرست مطالب بهنام هاشمی

  The wideuse of beta-lactam antibacterial agents in the treatment of bacterial infections has increased bacterial resistance. Nowadays, one of the problems in the treatment of nosocomial infections is enzymes resistance to broad spectrum beta-lactamases among clinical isolates, especially Klebsiella pneumoniae.Over the past decade, CTX-M type enzymes have been recognized asthe most common type of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase in Europe, Canada, and Asia.The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase-producingKlebsiella pneumoniae bacteria and to identify the CTX-M-3 gene by molecular method.

Over a 9-month period, 130 Klebsiella pneumoniaewere isolated from different clinical specimens (urine, blood, ulcers) of infectious patients in Imam Khomeini Hospital, Sari, Iran. Their susceptibility to nine antibiotics used for gram-negative bacteria was measured by disk diffusion agar method. The extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing isolates were identified using a hybrid disc method. Moreover, strains producing CTX-M-3 enzyme were detectedby polymerase chain reactionmethod.

The 48 (36.8%) isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniaewere the producer of ESBLs. Moreover, 22 (16.9%) of these cases contained the CTX-M-3 gene.

Discussion & The obtained results of the currentstudy showed that the prevalence of ESBL producing strains resistant to quinolones is higher in Iran, compared to the developed countries.

Background and Increasing resistance to Quinolones in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia in Sari, has caused many problems in treatment. Mutation in gyrA gene lead to changes in amino acids and resistance against Fluoroquinolones in E. coli and K. pneumonia. This study aimed at identifying remarkable mutations in E. coli and K. pneumonia isolates using PCR-SSCP analysis.
Antibiotic sensitivity test (ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid) was performed using Agar Disk Diffusion method. Resistance to fluoroquinolones was confirmed by E-test. (MIC experiment). We used PCR-SSCP method to detect mutation in gyrA (ser83 – asp 87) genes. Then, the PCR products were randomly sequenced.
From 103 isolates, 65 (63.2 %) were E. coli and 38 (36.8%) were K. pneumoniae. In all E.coli isolates resistant to Ciprofloxacin, at least one mutation was observed. Also, in all K. pneumoniae samples resistant to Ciprofloxacin, at least one mutation was seen and in 14 samples two mutation points were observed, but in 5 samples that were sensitive to Ciprofloxacin no mutation was observed.
This study showed that the mutation in gyrA genes is closely related to quinolones resistance. High prevalence of quinolones resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates requires more appropriate infection control programs.

Portulaca oleracea is one of the most utilized herbs in the world. According to some antibacterial effect of plants extracts, it seems that this extracts can be used in the bacterial infection treatments. In order to assessment of antibacterial effect of the Portulaca oleracea extract, we determined minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration of the Portulaca oleracea extract on the pathogenic bacterial species that antibiotic resistant pattern was determined in this species.
Hydro-Alcoholic extract of the Portulaca oleracea was harvested. Bacterial species including S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, A. baumannii, E. coli and K. pneumonia was collected from the Iran pasteur institute. Antibiogram was determined by disk diffusion method and then MIC and MBC of Hydro-Alcoholic extract of the Portulaca oleracea was determined.
Highest MIC concentration was observed in P. aeruginosa, L. monocytogenes, E. coli and K. pneumonia. While highest MBC concentration related to L. monocytogenes.
Herbal antibacterial extracts can be useful in human infection control. In order to this goal, in this study antibacterial effect of Portulaca oleracea extract determined against six important pathogens. According to Our results hydro-alcoholic extract of Portulaca oleracea show antibacterial effect on human pathogens including E. coli, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa and L. monocytogenes.

Beta-lactamase enzymes are the most important resistance factors among Gram-negative bacteria to the beta-lactam group of antibiotics. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in Escherichia coli isolates using PCR method.
This descriptive – analytic study was conducted on 120 Escherichia coli samples isolated in hospitals in Sari in northern Iran during 2013. Antibiogram was conducted using combined disk method to determine the sample resistance. The presence of β- lactamase gene of CTX-M-15 in ESBL was assessed using PCR method.
Out of 120 Escherichia coli, 98 (81.6%), 15 (12.5%) and 7 (5.8%) bacteria isolated from urinary tract, blood and wound, respectively. Multiple drug resistance were seen in 98% of urine samples, 12.7% of blood samples and 3.6% of wound samples (P Beta-lactamase enzymes were detected in high percent of Escherichia coli isolated from urine samples.

bjective (s): The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Spiritual Well-Being (EORTC QLQ-SWB) is a cross-cultural international module measuring spiritual well-being of patients with cancer، receiving palliative care. This article intends to address the process of providing Persian version of the module. All steps of providing Persian version of the measure were carried out based on the EORTC Quality of Life Group-Translation Procedure. After contacting the translation coordinator in the EORTC and receiving permission to translate the measure، forward translation from English into Persian using two qualified translators was performed. Then، forward translations were reconciled into a single version. Consequently، the version was provided for two other translators، not informed of the original questionnaire to do backward translation. After receiving backward translations and comparing them with original questionnaire، appropriate changes were made in provisional Persian version. Before pilot testing، a report was sent to the EORTC Quality of Life Study Group and necessary modifications were made. Then pilot testing was conducted and the related report was sent to EORTC. Approval by the EORTC yielded the final Persian version of the questionnaire. Following the EORTC Quality of Life Study Group guidelines in translating a standard measure of quality of life questionnaires could result in providing a version that conceptually is equivalent to the original questionnaire as we found it for the Persian version of the EORTC QLQ-SWB.