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Using medications that decrease postoperative pain and opioid consumption is a widely recommended approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous Ibuprofen and its complication in controlling pain after abdominal surgery.

This study was a randomized, double-blind, interventional clinical trial. Sixty patients aged 20 to 60 years were candidates for abdominal surgery (inguinal hernioplasty and appendectomy). Patients were divided into two equal size groups (n=30) using a random block design method. The First group received (400 mg IV) ibuprofen every 6 hours for 24 hours as well as (15 microgram/ml bolus) fentanyl pump with PCA. Second group only received (15 microgram/ml blous) fentanyl pump with PCA. 

Demographic characteristics and duration of surgery, ASA class, type of anesthesia and type of surgery were similar in the two groups. Pain severity in 24 postoperative hours was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group compared with the control group. Nausea and vomiting frequency in 24 postoperative hours was significantly lower in the ibuprofen group compared with the control group. Patients belonging to ibuprofen group were significantly more satisfied with their analgesic method.

Results showed that using 400 mg intravenous ibuprofen every 6 hours mitigates postoperative pain, reduces fentanyl consumption and is highly tolerated by patients.

Wound infection usually appears on days fifth to eighth after a surgery. The most important clinical signs are: redness, increased pain, and swelling or warmth around infected area. An effective way to reduce an infection is use of surgical mask for reduction of bacterial drips splashing from one's mouth or nose. This study was done to compare the effect of masks and shield in incidence of wound surgical infection
This study, which is considered as an observetional study, was done to compare the role of surgical mask and face shields in a wound infection. A number of 807 individuals participated in this study. A group of 404 patients was under surgery with use of mask and 403 patients had no use of mask (shield group). In shield or no mask group, individuals under study were in access and in group of mask, individuals under study were selected the same as first group. The required information were also gathered from abservation and interview.
In patients who have been under surgery with face shield, infection was observed in 26 individuals (6.5%) and in patients under surgery with mask, 34 individuals had wound infections (8.4%). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.34).
Conclution: According to this study, there was a 2% reduction of infection for the face shield comparing with use of mask but, this amount is negligible statistically. Therefore there is no privilege of using face shield to mask to prevent a surgical wound infection.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a globally widespread infection that spreads mainly through sexual contact, mother to child and intravenous drug use. The disease can vary from an asymptomatic state to advanced immune deficiency and AIDS-related opportunistic infections and complications. Patients may be diagnosed at different stages of the disease. In this study, we aimed to analyze the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with HIV and its consequences during the past 10 years (2005-2014) in Ardabil city.
In this descriptive and case series study, patients with HIV (including live and dead patients) referring to the Ardabil behavioral counseling center were included during 2005-2014 years. The checklist containing demographic data, modes of transmission, time of diagnosis, clinical and therapeutic problems during this period, etc. was prepared for each patient. In dead patients, the causes of death as well as the interval between diagnosis and death were investigated.
In this study, 60 patients with HIV were evaluated, the mean age was 42.96 years, 76.7% of patients were male and 48.2% were intravenous drug users. In 39.7% of cases, patients have probably been infected through intravenous injection and 33.3% by sexual contact. The mean CD4 lymphocyte cell count of patients was 252 cells per ml. The most common early symptoms of the disease were fever (63.33%), aphthous stomatitis (35%) and diarrhea (28.33%). In 7 cases (50%), tuberculosis was the most common opportunistic infection. 6 patients (10%) had coinfection with hepatitis B or C. 28 patients (46.6%) died within the time of study. The median time from diagnosis to death was 44.84±39.65 months and cardiorespiratory failure was the most common cause of death among patients.
This study showed that most patients were middle-aged and intravenous drug use was the most common risk factors for HIV. The most common way of transmission was intravenous injection and hepatitis C and tuberculosis were the most important comorbidities, respectively. Raising community awareness about the disease, early diagnosis and appropriate care during illness are basic measures to deal with this global problem.

The Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) is indirect measures that can be used to assess a patient’s gerenal level of inflammation. An extremely elevated ESR (>100 mm/h) has a 90% predictive value for a serious diseases. This study has been done for preparing more information about the reasons of ESR (>100 mm/h) in adults who had been referred to ImamKhomeini hospital.
This is a descriptive study and whole hospitalized patients in this hospital with the ESR levels more than 100 included in this study from September 2014 to September 2015.
127 patients have been encountered in this study and 59.08% of them were female and 40.92% were male. The average age of the participants were 55.54 and the average ESR level were 112.6 with the highest affluence of 34% for infection and 13% for other diseases. The most important illnesses in this study were osteomyelitis (14%), CKD (14%) RA (10%). The levels of Hb and Cr have been evaluated that are 9.27 for Hb and 2.1 for Cr.
In comparison to different studies, the most important reasons for the rise of ESR level are infection diseases and secondary reasons malignancies and autoimmune diseases and kidney defects are the reasons for the rise of ESR level.

Even though replantation surgery has now become a routine procedure, it remains delicate and demanding surgery, requiring adequate training and expertise in microsurgical techniques. Functional outcomes following replantation vary with the level of injury. Replants of the fingers distal to the flexor superficial are insertion, the hand at the wrist, and the upper extremity at the distal forearm can achieve good function. With the advent of refined microscopes, sutures, and needles, along with specialized surgical training, replantation has become a routine part of hand-surgery practice in centers all over the world. Clearly, survival does not equate with function. Amputations constitute multisystem injury, with disruption of skeletal support (bone), motor function (muscle), sensibility (nerve), circulation (blood vessel), and soft-tissue coverage (skin). A lot of News work-related accidents published daily. Complete amputation of the palm with sharp objects electric disrupts quality of life and irreversible effects on their life. Replantation or repair the damaged organ can improve their quality of life, functional body.
The case is a man with complete amputation of the palm while working with an electrical machine, at the same time as damage and severe crush was also the distal phalanx of the first finger of the right hand. Patient was admitted to the emergency unit at Fatemi Hospital of Ardabil city in January 2014, Iran, and underwent to surgery for replantation.
Complete amputation of palm and its successful replantation are among rarely occurred and reportable cases. Complete amputation of palm and successful replantation and the 10-month follow-up indicated that the patient had a successful operation. No abnormalities were found in the blood circulation, and finger grasping was acceptable. Nerve development was acceptable.

Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder that melanocytes are destroyed. Treatment of vitiligo depends on the extent of the disease and its distribution pattern. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of PUVA and NBUVB in patients with vitiligo.
A clinical trial has been performed on 60 patients with vitiligo referred to Bouali hospital and Mehrgan laser center in 1392 and treated with UVB and PUVA therapy methods. In first group treated with PUVA, oral tablets containing 8-methoxypsoralen were taken 3 hours before phototherapy twice a week. The second group was treated with NBUVB twice a week.
In patients treated with PUVA, 40% and in patients treated with NBUVB, 43.3% were male. Seventeen (56.7%) of patients treated with PUVA had generalized vitiligo, 30% of them had segmental Vitiligo and 13.3% had focal Vitiligo. Seventeen (56.7%) patients that were treated with NBUVB generalized vitiligo, 30% had segmental and 10% had focal vitiligo. Repigmentation was significantly higher in patients treated with NBUVB than PUVA 3 and 6 months after initiation of treatment (P NBUVB is superior to PUVA in treatment complications and its recovery rate was acceptable.

Predictive validity is one of important characteristics of a test; it means that what extent a test predicts scores of criterion test. This type of validity can be obtained through determining correlation between scores of two tests. This study was performed to determine correlation between the scores obtained by medical students in various educational courses ,Basic Sciences and Pre-internship Comprehensive Exams.
In this study, 55 students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, accepted within 2004-5 and completed all stages of their training were studied. Information included scores averages in basic sciences, physiopathology, externship, and internship courses and scourges of Basic Sciences and Pre-internship Comprehensive Exams. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using descriptive statistics (number and percentage) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient).
The correlations between the averages of each semester from basic science to clinical sciences gradually declined. The highest correlation was between the average of Basic Sciences and Physiopathology courses (r=0.814) and the lowest correlation was between the average of physiopathology and internship courses (r=0.334). On the other hand Comprehensive Test of Basic Sciences had the highest correlation with the average of basic sciences course (r=0.746) and gradually, this correlation declined in the next periods. Pre-internship Comprehensive Exams had the lowest correlation with the average of Pre-internship courses (r=0.463).
The low correlations between averages ofeach semester from basic science to clinical sciences may cause by different types of training in this courses and the lack of accurate assessment of student performance in the clinical course. The low correlations between scores of Comprehensive Exams and averages of next courses may cause by using one method of evaluation (multiple choice questions) in these tests and not using new and different methods of evaluations.

Low back pain is one of the areas of body and mind interaction. Treatment of chronic low back pain by active rehabilitation included training of social-psychological skills along with therapeutic experiences, which has been increasingly supported in recent years. The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of active rehabilitation on the functional ability and quality of life in patient with chronic low back pain.
This study is experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population was all patients with chronic low back pain who were referred to physiotherapy clinics of Ardabil city in 2012. Thirteen subjects with chronic low back pain were selected conveniently and assigned randomly to two groups of experimental and control (each n=15). Data collection was performed using pain coping inventory, physical activity indicator, Quality of Life questionnaire of the World Health Organization, and musculoskeletal complaints indicator. The intervention method in this research was active rehabilitation treatment, which was implemented in 10-30 sessions of 30 minutes each. The research data were analyzed using multivariable analysis of variance (MANOVA) on the differences between the scores of pretest and posttest variables.
In this study, active rehabilitation was effective in the improvement of physical activity, quality of life, increase in cognitive-behavior strategies, and decrease in pain symptoms.
The findings of this research indicate that active rehabilitation is effective in functional ability and quality of life of patients with chronic low back pain.

One of the most lethal damages of the gastrointestinal tract is esophageal perforation. The prevalent causes of esophageal perforation are diagnosis interventions, trauma, and Boerhaave’s syndrome. Although esophageal perforation after vomiting is rare, but has a high mortality risk; therefore, early diagnosis and treatment is essential.Case Report: The patient was a 44-year-old man admitted to the emergency room due to severe chest pain with a history of vomiting after eating egg, 4 hours ago. Vomiting was not too severe and the pain was in the right chest. After the diagnosis of esophageal rupture, the patient underwent thoracotomy. As esophageal perforation is a real emergency, on-time diagnosis and treatment is vital.

Complete Amputation of wrist is physical and psychological trauma that can affect person's life. During recent years, various amputated organs were replanted back into their own body leading to improvement in quality of life, function and body image. Case Report: The case was a34 years old man with complete amputation at left hand at wrist level, while working with chainsaw. Patient was admitted to the emergency unit at Fatemi hospital of Ardabil city, and underwent tosurgery for replantation. Complete amputation of wrist and its successful replantation are among rarely occured and reportable cases. The5 -month follow-up indicated a successful operation. During this period, no abnormalities were found in the blood circulation. The finger grasping and nerve development were acceptable and no symptom of infection was observed

Pancreatic simple cysts are smaller than the complex cysts and are located in distal areas of pancreas. Papillary solid and cystic tumor is a rare neoplasm in children and elderly, and often occurs in young women and girls.Case Report: A forty-year-old woman with a history of epigastria pain for five years had referred several times to medical centers was conducted to be candidate to pancreatic systectomy with general anesthesia. She underwent distal pancreatectomy. Patient postoperative follow-up was continued. Papillary solid and cystic tumor of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm with unknown origin and often benign. It presents with vague abdominal pain. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT-scan would help to make diagnosis before the surgery. Surgery is the choice treatment and the diagnosis would be proved with histology and immunohistochemistry.

Students’ academic achievement and its related factors is one of research priorities in the educational programs. Due to success in the studying, students achieve a position that can use the maximum Internal (individual) and external (environmental) power to attain their higher educational goals and gain needed conditions for successful social life. Accordingly, the goal of this study was to investigate individual and environmental factors affecting educational achievement of Ardabil medical students. This study was a case-control research. Statistical sample were consisted of all 200 medical students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. Through checking educational dossiers of students, the scores of two semester in academic year of 2009-2010 obtained, and accordingly, statistical samples of successful students (score >16) and unsuccessful (score>16) were identified and 32 persons were selected for each group by simple random sampling. For data collection, demographic questionnaire, Raven Intelligence Test for Adults, Cooper smith Self Esteem Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory were used. Data analyzed using descriptive-analytical tests in Spss v.19 software. Results showed that, among 64 students, 34 people were males, of which 16 (47.1%) were in successful and 18 (52.9%) in unsuccessful groups and among 30 girls participated in the study, 16 persons (53.3%) were in successful and 14 (46.7%) were in unsuccessful groups. Results showed that there werent a significant relationship between gender and marital status with academic achievement, but there were statistically significant relationship between residence variables, averaging diploma, employment, being native, socio-economic status, self-esteem, depression and IQ with the progress or lack of academic achievement. So, most of students with higher academic achievement were non-residential, unemployed, native and graduated with high diploma score, higher socioeconomic level, higher IQ and self-esteem and lesser depression level)p<0.05 (. Residential place, diploma score, being native, socioeconomic status, self-esteem, depression and IQ level are some of factors affecting academic achievement. Conditions should be created to identify the student personal and environmental conditions that affect academic achievement to take the necessary steps to improve their academic

Seizure is accompany with neurons function disorder and abnormal electrical action. However, febrile convulsion seizure is usually benign and causes no important problem for patients; but all children with febrile convulsion are usually faced with behavior disorders. In these patients, prophylaxis and anti-convulsion drugs are used. This study aimed to survey the efficacy of zinc sulfate in prevention of febrile convulsion recurrences. In this clinical trial study, 80 children the same in age and gender, after passing inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided in two equal groups: drugs and placebo. We got blood samples of both groups and checked serum zinc level after release, prescribed zinc syrup for case and placebo for control group. After a year, we measured serum zinc level in patients and finally we analyzed the data. In case group, 27 (67.5%) and in control 24 (60%) children were boys. The mean age was 28.90 ± 16.19 and 27.65 ± 13.47 months in case and control groups, respectively (P = 0.709). The mean zinc level was 75.36 ± 8.12 and 73.21 ± 7.32 µg/dl in case and control groups, respectively. In case group, 7 patients and in control group, 10 had seizure recurrences in a year (P = 0.412). There was no relationship between recurrences and age or gender; but the first and the last measured level of zinc and the amount of increase of zinc level in children with recurrence were significantly less than the children without it. In current study, we observed that zinc sulfate syrup could not decrease the seizure recurrences related to insufficient serum zinc level, probably because of incorrect drug using or secondary decrease of serum zinc level in these children.

Hypertension is one of the most important and common health problems in societies. Hypertension is often asymptomatic and can be simply treated. Many of drugs are available for treatment of hypertension including diuretics، beta blockers، blockers of calcium channel، angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors، angiotensin receptor antagonists، alpha blockers and arterial dilators. This research was performed to evaluate the efficacy of some of these drugs on the hypertension. This may help to choose an appropriate medication for the treatment of stage 2 hypertension. A total of 150 patients with hypertension who were not under antihypertensive treatment and didn’t have contraindications for using hydrochlorothiazide، enalapril and atenolol were randomly allocated into three groups. These groups received atenolol 50 mg daily، hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg daily and enalapril 5 mg twice daily، respectively. After three weeks blood pressure of patients was measured and results were analyzed using SPSS. Atenolol reduced systolic blood pressure (26. 7±6. 7 mm Hg 16. 1%)، diastolic blood pressure (10. 3±1. 2 mm Hg 10. 4%) and mean arterial blood pressure (16. 1±6. 4 mm Hg 13. 1%). Enalapril reduced systolic blood pressure (30. 6±8. 8 mm Hg 17. 4%)، diastolic blood pressure (11. 5±4. 4 mm Hg 11. 4%) and mean arterial blood pressure (17. 9±7. 0 mm Hg 14. 2%). Hydrochlorothiazide reduced systolic blood pressure (25. 1±5. 8 mm Hg 14. 6%)، diastolic blood pressure (9. 2±2. 3 mm Hg 9. 3%) and mean arterial blood pressure (14. 5±6. 4 mm Hg 11. 8%). Despite recommendations the use of hydrochlorothiazidein the treatment of hypertension، seems lower effect only use of this drug groups in comparison with other groups، and maybe add this category to other drugs and combined treatment is better than monotherapy with these groups.

Sleep disorder is one of the major problems of health، because it causes impairments in daily function and decreases mind and body functions. The Student’s academic life is accompanied with numerous sleep disturbing factors، e. g. studying for long times، living in dormitory and so on، which influences their function and instruction. The main goal of this study was investigating the parasomnia disorders and its effective factors in medical students. This cross-sectional study was done on 210 people of medical students of Ardabil in 2012. Data collection was adjusted in a two-part questionnaire that was made by researcher. The first section included demographic information (Age، sex، marital status، residence، education). The second part consisted of 35 questions، which 7 questions were related to Parasomnia and 28 questions were related to factors affecting Parasomnia. The data were analyzed by SPSS v. 19 and descriptive and analytical statistics. 210 medical students participated in this study; of which 103 people (49%) were males and 107 (51%) females، 191 (91%) were single and 76 (36. 2%) native. Prevalence of parasomnia was 9. 5% (20 people)، and among different types of parasomnias، night mare with 48. 5 % (102 people) was the most common and enuresis with 1. 4 % (3 people) was the least. Between different courses of medicine، parasomnia was the most common in physiopathology with 22. 6 % (12 people). Parasomnia was more common in girls than boys (p<0. 05). The differences between various levels of medical courses was significant (p<0. 05)، too but there were no differences between native and nonnative students. This research showed that، sleep disorders are common problems among students، which can be affected by factors like stress and emotional and familial problems Thus، using environmental factors modification strategies can improve sleep quality in university students.

Considering new pandemic attack with new emerging (H1N1) influenza virus، the study was designed for evaluating clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of patients in Imam Khomeini hospital، admitted with presumptive diagnosis of H1N1 influenza. In all of the patients clinical and paraclinical findings and outcome (including mortality rate and definitive diagnosis) were evaluated. Bed occupancy rate in infectious disease ward and ICU and also mean days of admission were calculated. This is a cross sectional study. All 118 patients with acute respiratory symptoms and possible diagnosis of emerging H1N1 influenza that had been admitted at least 24 hours in hospital from 20 October to 1 February 2009 were enrolled in the study. Data collection was done based on questionnaires، with a team other than researchers. The questionnaire included demographic data، clinical symptoms، laboratory findings، radiographic manifestations and outcome of patients. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software version16. A total of 118 patients were studied: 71 patients (60. 2%) were female and 47 patients (39. 8%) were male. Mean (±SD) age of admitted patients was 33. 81±15. 64 years old. The most of admitted patients were in age range of 15 to 30 years old. The most common findings in CXR were bilateral respiratory consolidations and the most common symptoms were fever، weakness and fatigue. About 12. 7% of patients had diarrhea. Leukopenia (WBC < 4000) and leukocytosis (WBC > 10000) occurred respectively in 4. 58% and 33. 2% of cases. Nine patients (7%) were admitted in ICU. In 21 patients (18%) RT-PCR test results were positive and three of these patients had been admitted in ICU. In patients admitted in ICU while their diagnosis was confirmed، mortality was 33%. 48. 3% of patients had at least one predisposing medical condition. Total admission days were 577 days، consisting 519 days in infectious disease ward and 58 days in ICU. Average of hospitalization days per a patient was 4. 88 days. Except epidemiologic clues، there was no pathognomonic sign or symptom to differentiate influenza H1N1 from other respiratory tract infections. High proportions of pregnant women، bilateral respiratory consolidations، and presence of diarrhea and leukopenia in considerable number of patients were the most important findings of the study.

One strategy in management of patient with dyspepsia in absence of malignant or ulcer signs is H.pylori infection role testing, and treatment of all positive cases. Because of high prevalence of pylori infection in Ardebil, and its probable role in chronic gastritis and dyspepsia as well as recently, FDA approved H.pylori stool antigen test for screening of suspicious patients, this study was design to evaluate the frequency of pylori infection in dyspepsia.

In this study, 100 dyspeptic patients of gastroenterology clinics of Ardebil city that had not responded to current therapies such as h2 blockers were entered study with excluding patients who taking antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors or Non Steroidal Anti inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) in last two weeks, and alarming danger signs such as weight loss, bleeding and melena. Stool antigen detection test for H.pylori were done for them.

100 patients enrolled in the study. The study group consists of 60 men and 40 women. The average age was 35 years (14-57 years).The prevalence of H. pylori was 72% among dyspeptic patient. Statistically significant differences were not seen between H.pylori infection and the sex, smoking, marriage and infection. There were no differences in clinical symptoms of dyspepsia among patients with and without H.pylori.

Among patients bothersome postprandial fullness was the most common symptom. Clinical signs were not useful in differentiate H.pylori infection persistence in dyspeptic patients. It seems that in hyper endemic areas for H.pylori such as Ardabil H.pylori has high association with dyspepsia, but for further explanation about its role in symptom creation, further population based studies With an emphasis on cost analysis and treatment outcome are needed.

Low dose aspirin has been widely used in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The bimodel action of aspirin on serum uric acid showed that aspirin at a high dosage promoted uricusuria; while intermediate doses were (1-2gr/day) caused uric acid retention. The main goal of this study was to survey the effect of low dose aspirin on serum level of uric acid in patients with ischemic heart disease. The study design was cross-sectional and analytical type. In this study we selected 60 patients who used low dose aspirin among the patients of Imam Khomeini hospital's heart clinic (2008-9) and their information was registered in special questionnaires including serum level of uric acid and creatinine before and after prescription of aspirin. Data was then statistically analyzed using Paired t test and Willcoxon. Of 60 patients 11 (18.3%) were under 50 years and 49 (81.7%) were above 50 years. The male to female ratio was 1.72 (38: 63.3% versus 22: 36.7%). 53.3% of patients showed an increase in serum uric acid, but 46.7% did not. No significant differences in uric acid levels was found in patients under 50 years before and after administration of aspirin. Serum uric acid levels were increased after administration of 0.1unit of aspirin. Low-dose aspirin (80 mg/ day) caused a slight but significant increase in serum uric acid and creatinine levels in patients over 50 years of age.

Type 2 diabetes is a major cardiovascular risk factor such as HTN, HLP and smoking. A primary diabetic cardiomyopathy represents a high risk factor for heart failure in the absence of ischemic, valvular and hypertensive heart disease in the diabetic population. CAD is more common in diabetic patients and it is almost asymptomatic.Unquestionably, an early detection of LV damage and CAD is a major goal for the prevention of cardiac disease in the diabetic population. This study was done as Cross-Sectional method. The study sample consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension and cardiac symptoms (mean age 47 years) who recourse to diabetes clinic of Ardabil Imam Khomeini Hospital during 2009-2010. Left ventricular (LV) function was studied by echocardiography and exercise test using Bruce protocol. Data from the patients were collected and analyzed using SPSS 17 software. All studied cases had a normal systolic function. 22 cases (55%) had diastolic dysfunction and 8 people (20%) had a positive stress test, which all had diastolic dysfunction too. This study showed that an impairment of left ventricular diastolic function occurs early in the natural history of diabetes mellitus and CAD is more common in diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction.

Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heredity and psychological disorder that often continues to adulthood and causes great number of emotional, social, educational and occupational problem for college students. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of ADHD among students residing in the dormitory of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. In this cross sectional study, all students in the dormitory of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences were included. They filled the Self reporting Conner’s ADHD questionnaires. Data were extracted and analyzed with SPSS. During this study, the prevalence of ADHD was 8.6 percent. The males show more involvement rate than females. The students with ADHD showed more incidences of smoking and psychotropic drug consumption. Due to the high prevalence of ADHD among the college students, early diagnosis and treatment of ADHD seems to be necessary.

The most common drug poisoning in Iran، especially in Tehran، is poisoning with tramadol which is a synthetic analgesic. Like poisoning with other opioids، poisoning with tramadol is commonly treated using naloxone. As documented in poisoning references، seizure is a serious and dangerous side effect of this poisoning. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of seizure between patients with tramadol overdose who received or did not receive naloxone in Imam Khomeini Hospital، Ardabil، Iran. In this cross-sectional، descriptive study during 2007-10 data about 122 patients with tramadol overdose in Imam Khomeini Hospital was collected using a questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS. Males constituted 89. 3% of the participants (n = 109). The mean age of subjects was27. 0 ± 7. 2 years. Seizure was observed in 21 persons (17. 2%). No significant relationship existed between seizure and sex، age، and history of addiction to tramadol and other opioids (P > 0. 05). Among the 60 subjects who received naloxone، 28. 3% had seizure. The prevalence of seizure in persons who did not receive naloxone was 11. 2%. The highest prevalence of seizure caused by naloxone was seen during the first 1. 5 hours after injection. The lowest dose of naloxone that caused seizure was 1000 mg. Seizure caused by tramadol had no relationship with sex، age، and history of addiction to tramadol or other opioids. Moreover، seizure occurrence is rare in therapeutic dosage. Using naloxone in treatment of tramadol overdose increases the risk of seizure.