فهرست مطالب بیژن رضایی

The mismatch between university education and labor market demands is a critical concern for many education systems. However, there's a lack of established models to guide the development of strategies that address this issue. This article aims to bridge this gap by proposing a new, locally-developed model for aligning the development of advanced technical university education with labor market needs.The research employed a mixed methods approach with nested logic. The qualitative section utilized theoretical sampling based on the snowball technique. Interviews were conducted with 17 individuals until reaching theoretical saturation, a point where no new insights emerged. The quantitative section involved a survey administered to 120 experts. The validity of research tools was ensured through self-review techniques and triangulation across data sources. Additionally, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient confirmed the study's reliability.The findings reveal a multi-dimensional and interconnected set of factors influencing the effectiveness of aligning university education with market demands. The proposed model further demonstrates that causal, interventional, and contextual factors influence this phenomenon. Additionally, the model suggests potential economic, educational, and social outcomes associated with implementing strategies for developing advanced technical education. The research identifies "correct planning in strategies" as the most critical factor (total factor load of 4.14), while the presence of "skilled professors with executive experience" plays a less significant role (factor load of 1.000) within the model's framework.

Knowing the processes of Transition from Start-up to Scale-up and removing the obstacles in front of it will determine the success or failure of the Start-up. Therefore, the current research was carried out with the aim of conceptualizing the interpretive structural of Transition barriers from Start-ups to Scale-ups.
This study is practical in terms of its objective and, given its nature, falls into the category of mixed (qualitative-quantitative) research, based on sequential-exploratory design, and data collection through descriptive and field-documentary research. The study population includes all key informants, such as entrepreneurship faculty members with relevant resumes and backgrounds, start-up owners in the transitional and existing scale-up stages, mentors, experts, and planners of relevant organizations in the start-up ecosystem of the country. In this study, three methods of inductive content analysis, Interpretive Structural Modeling, and degree of penetration and dependence analysis were used.
The results led to the identification of 12 obstacles for the Transition from Start-ups to Scale-ups, which were classified into 7 levels after analysis. Also, their level of influence and degree of dependence were determined in a range of independent, linked, and dependent influence.
Barriers to transition from startups to scale-ups in order of levels, including weaknesses in environmental analysis and continuous scanning, weakness in determining appropriate goals and strategies, weakness in reviewing and developing marketing plans, team problems and weaknesses in founder leadership and management, weakness in enhancing the value proposition, weakness in establishing and shaping the structure, weakness in normative and cultural capital within the team, weakness in creating appropriate financial capabilities and reducing costs, weakness in team learning processes and empowerment, weakness in appropriate infrastructure, processes and technologies, weakness in the preparedness of individuals' mental blocks for change, and weakness in selecting the appropriate time for scaling up. The current research has identified and analyzed a set of barriers to the Transition from Start-ups to Scale-ups, which can act as a guide with a step-by-step approach to increase the percentage of successful Transition. Also, the findings of this study can provide appropriate achievements and solutions for policymakers, planners, managers, and stakeholders in the Iranian start-up ecosystem.

 "The high speed of changes and fluctuations in the business environment poses significant challenges for individuals and organizations. Complexity in organizations and environmental fluctuations has been rapidly increasing due to factors such as heightened competition, globalization, technological advancements, and human resource issues. Addressing these challenges requires harnessing the power of the mind and empowering individuals. Rastacoaching, a form of business facilitation, promotes creative thinking and business development by connecting less experienced individuals with more experienced mentors who guide them through a formal or informal coaching process. A development-applied research study on Rastacoaching has been conducted in Iran to explore effective strategies for managing complexity and rapid changes in the business environment."

The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part includes 20 business coaches (with international coaching certification from the Federation (ICF)), and in the quantitative part it includes business coaching activists who are both informally/independently and officially in statistics Published by the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Trade, there were 307 official business coaches and 87 informal coaches who provide coaching services in scientific and research cities, and a sample of  200 people was randomly selected.

The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire in the quantitative part, which was compiled using the literature and research background and findings from the interview, and its validity and reliability were checked using experts' opinions and was approved. The results of the research included the identification of 35 codes, which were distributed quantitatively among the community in the form of a questionnaire, and the results indicate that the variables of value creation, promotion of coaching culture, targeted advertising along with the improvement of the level of general skills have significant direct and indirect effects on development. are coaching and the variables of strengthening the mutual benefits of coach and coach, interaction and uniformity of science and experience in the coaching market, positive mindset along with commitment to learning have an indirect effect on the development of coaching.

 Considering that scientific coaching is emerging and has attracted a lot of attention during the past decades, and its purpose is to increase the professional and personal capacities of people. As one of the most applied sciences, it can play a role and the need to investigate it is inevitable.

In the fast fashion phenomenon, the field of garment is known as the dominant consumer industry. This is while the development of the concept of sustainability, with the theory of quiet fashion, tries to change the attitude and behavior of consumers. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyzing of consumer buying behavior in the field of garment, under the influence of awareness of sustainability in the fashion industry. The study is applied in terms of purpose and has a survey-correlation approach. The statistical population was consumers over 18 years old and referring to shopping centers in Kermanshah. Due to the infinity of the statistical population, the method of estimating the sample size of the infinite population was used (384 people). Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, regression analysis and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data. Briefly, findings show Knowledge and awareness (cognitive component), emotions and feelings (emotional component) and purchasing decision (behavioral component) as dimensions of attitudes toward the concept of sustainability affect the buying behavior of fashion consumers in the field of garment and in this regard, gender, the moderating variable role Plays. Also, the level of income and employment affects the buying behavior of consumers. Finally, we can say, the amount of real knowledge is less than the claimed knowledge about the concept of sustainability, and therefore consumers should increase their level of awareness to avoid fake social media ads.

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying and prioritizing business coaching competencies in the Iranian market with a qualitative-quantitative approach, which is classified as developmental-applied research. The population studied in the qualitative section included business coaches, a sample of 20 of them was selected with a targeted approach and snowball method. In a quantitative part, the statistical population included business coaching activists who provide services in scientific-research institutions (307 official coaches and 87 informal coaches) and a sample of 200 of them using Cochran's formula Systematic randomness was considered. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, documentary and interview methods were used, and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used, the validity and reliability of which was confirmed. Also, in order to analyze the data, exploratory factor analysis Verification and Friedman rank test were used to prioritize the identified criteria. The findings show that among the identified criteria, the highest average rank is related to the variable of gaining experience with a rank of 4.04 and the lowest rank is related to the variable of psychological characteristics with a rank of 3.67. It should be mentioned that very few studies have been done in relation to business skills and its impact on business development, and a serious vacuum is felt in this field.

The purpose of this research was to present a paradigmatic model for the development of entrepreneurship education in the third generation universities. This research is applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of approach, which was conducted using the grounded theory method. The studied community included all experts in the field of the research. The samples were selected using the snowball and theoretical sampling methods. The stage of data collection continued until theoretical saturation was achieved, and theoretical saturation was achieved with the number of 19 people in this research. Data collection tools included open questionnaire, in-depth individual interview, and note taking. Validity was verified using the triangulation and member check techniques. The results obtained from the research data were extracted and classified in the form of concepts in the process of open, axial, and selective coding. The results showed that for the development of entrepreneurship education in third generation universities, the existence of a set of factors is necessary, the most important of which include causal conditions (such as entrepreneurial leadership, innovative strategy, improving the quality of entrepreneurship education, and human capital development), contextual conditions (such as factors related to entrepreneurial culture, flexible organizational structure, and development of a network relationships), intervening conditions (such as correct policy making and infrastructure development), actions (such as the development of economic and entrepreneurial activities, the development of education and research in the field of entrepreneurship, the development of communications and interactions, the development of cultural-social infrastructures and resources), and consequences (such as psychological consequences, educational-scientific consequences, economic consequences, and cultural-social consequences). Based on the results of the research, updating entrepreneurial training through the development of relationships among stakeholders is suggested.

The aim of this study was to design a conceptual model of barriers to business coaching development in the Iranian market based on the approach of Strauss and Cobain (1989). In order to collect information, semi-structured in-depth interview tools were used and the theoretical saturation of the findings was obtained in the twentieth interview. Data analysis was performed by grounded theory method using open, centralized and selective coding. The statistical population in this study included all experts and holders of international business coaching certificates across the country that participants were selected by purposive sampling (snowball type). In order to observe the qualitative characteristics of the research, three criteria of acceptability, verifiability and reliability were used and the results of this study were presented to the experts participating in the research and approved by them. The research findings indicate that there are five serious challenges in the development of the emerging business coaching industry in the country, which include: challenges related to conceptualization, cultural and social challenges, legal challenges, challenges Are management and training challenges that if we look at each of these challenges as an opportunity, certainly with the right programs and solutions can provide a good platform for the development of business coaching. Finally, strategies and final model based on research findings are presented.

Small and medium-sized businesses are one of the most effective and fundamental strategies for the comprehensive development of a country. Therefore, the importance of paying attention to creating small and medium-sized businesses in different parts of the country is quite evident. The present study was conducted with the aim of designing a development model for small and medium-sized businesses in Lorestan province. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and uses the qualitative research method with Grounded theory. The population was managers, specialists and SME’s owners of Lorestan province; which, 18 people were selected using purposive sampling method of snowball strategy. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect research data. The data collection process continued to the level of theoretical saturation. Qualitative data analysis was performed using the three-step coding method of Strauss and Corbin (1990). The model obtained from this study showed that the main category that leads to the development of SME’s in Lorestan province is the resistance development plan. Among these, the effective causal factors in this process include the components of access conditions and planning; Underlying factors include improving the business environment; Interfering factors include components of barriers and strategic factors also include components of using resistance economics. Finally, by using resistance economics as SME’s development strategies, we see the empowerment of employees, proving the effectiveness of resistance economics, growth of investment in business, democratization of economy and development of technology in business creation.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Information Technology, Organizational Capabilities and IT personnel skills on discovering emerging e-business opportunities. The present study was applied and quantitative research in terms of research methodology paradigm using a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the present study included all small and medium businesses (1670 one) in Kermanshah Povince. In the first stage of sampling, the proportional allocation classification method was used; then, in the second stage, the companies were randomly selected. According to the Krejcie and Morgan Table, the sample number was estimated to be 313. 296 questionnaires were completed by managers, executives and supervisors of the sub-units of the companies. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The research data was analyzed by structural equation modelling using AMOS software. The results showed a significant and positive effect of IT and organizational capabilities and personnel skills on the discovery of emerging e-business opportunities.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of inspirational entrepreneurship stories (failures and successes) on individuals’ entrepreneurial intentions. This study is considered among descriptive-correlation research in terms of execution and data collection method. The statistical population included 295 graduate students from the Faculty of Economics and Entrepreneurship at Razi University, from which a sample of 180 people was selected using a simple randomized method based on the sample size obtained from Morgan's table. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data and structural equation modeling and Smart PLS3 software were used to test research hypotheses. Results of the path analysis indicated that success stories can leave a significant and positive impact on people’s entrepreneurial intentions by leaving a positive influence on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude as well as propensity to act, perceived desirability, and perceived feasibility, while failure stories can leave a significant impact only on entrepreneurial intentions through influencing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Overall, it can be argued that people create or improve and enhance their entrepreneurial intention through being inspired by stories that fit their purpose but might deal with a reduced tendency to entrepreneurship due to changes in their attitude when they are exposed to negative and inconsistent stories. Results of the present study can be effective in the design and implementation of entrepreneurship training programs.

Ideation, research, and technology-based innovations are valuable, when they lead to value creation and wealth creation. Commercialization is a tool that can be used to connect knowledge to the economy and to create wealth from the knowledge-based economy. The present study was to analyze the factors affecting of technology commercialization in knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah province based on analytical-case studies and with a qualitative approach to theme analysis. The study population was managers and employees of Kermanshah province's knowledge-based companies, along with experts. The data gathering tool was in-depth interviews. In this research Judicial and snowball sampling methods were used for achieving data theoretical saturation. To confirm the reliability of the research tool, the method of calculating the "percentage of agreement within the subject" was used and to confirm its validity, the method of triangulation was used. The results of the content analysis findings introduced three effective internal, external and common factors in advancing the technology commercialization process of knowledge-based companies, which in order from the highest to the lowest code include 7 sub-themes: 1. Effective marketing and sales factors, 2. Policy, legal and infrastructure effective factors, 3. Factors of team and management, 4. Financial effective factors, 5. Factors of culture, 6. Factors of consultation and knowledge and 7. Factors of strategy. Finally, practical suggestions for facilitating the technology commercialization process were presented.Keywords: Technology Commercialization, Knowledge-Based Company, Theme Analysis, Factors Affecting Commercialization.

In the advanced human life today, it is believed that wealth is better if obtained from science and science is better if wealth can be obtained from it, and the example of this is the creation and development of knowledge-based companies. This article was prepared with the aim of designing a model for the creation and development of knowledge-based companies with a data theorizing approach in Kermanshah city. The present study is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of methodology uses a data theorizing approach. Data was collected during a semi-structured interview with 26 senior managers of knowledge-based companies in Kermanshah who were selected by purposive sampling. Based on the data theory process of grounded theory, during the open, axial and selective coding stages, 518 open codes and 243 final extracted codes were created and categorized into 6 main categories and 20 sub-categories. The model obtained from the analysis of research findings comprised of six steps of academic research, creation and disclosure of innovation, intellectual property decision, technology marketing, technology licensing and knowledge-based company creation and six main strategies including development of research and development units, market needs assessment, acquisition of competitive advantage, attracting specialized and creative manpower, introducing a role model and holding joint meetings between industry and academia. The government could accelerate and facilitate the formation of knowledge-based companies by providing a platform for effective communication between academia and industry.

The present research was performed to investigate the relationship between organizational culture of school and teachers’ work motivation considering the intermediary role of psychological empowerment. A descriptive research methodology with a correlational scheme was adopted. Statistical population of the research was composed of all elementary-school teachers working in the city of Islam-Abad-e-Gharb during 2018/19 educational year, making up a total of 513 individuals, of whom a statistical sample of 219 individuals was selected through cluster sampling. Research instruments included the school cultures scale (SCS) by Gruenert (2005), work motivation scale (WMS) by Bakhshi et al. (2007), and psychological empowerment instrument (PEI) by Spreitzer and Mishra (1997). Results of testing the hypotheses by correlational and structural equations-based tests in SPSS 25 and SmartPLS 3 showed that the organizational culture exhibits a significant positive correlation with the teachers’ work motivation. It was further found that the organizational culture of school is positively and significantly associated with the psychological empowerment of teachers. Finally, the relationship between organizational culture of school and teachers’ work motivation, considering the intermediary role of psychological empowerment, was found to be significant and positive. According to the results, it can be stipulated that one may expect strong work motivation among teachers should the organizational culture of school as well as psychological empowerment of teachers be at high levels.

Villagers and their entrepreneurial skills are important social and economic factors in society and undoubtedly important solutions for rural development, which is also part of the country's sustainable development. In the new theories of rural development, entrepreneurship is a suitable solution for empowerment and capacity building in rural areas to change the current life pattern, reduce the gap between the city and the countryside, and create economic, environmental and institutional economic equality. Many researchers believe that entrepreneurial activities by women have a prominent role in the health of the national economy. In a short time, women were able to create considerable changes in the economic development of countries after being entrepreneurs. However, there are some issues in woman’s empowerment, including the lack of participation of women as half of the country's population (49% of the total population) in social and economic activities, the existence of a large number of women in Iranian society below the poverty line, the lack of self-confidence and self-esteem among them to participate in various social activities, their lack of awareness and knowledge of labor market information, technical and professional training courses, working environment conditions, labor law and most importantly cultural specificities.
Nahavand County is in a good position for integrated development because of its strategic position and abundant resources. However, despite having capabilities, their optimal usage has yet to be made for this county. The rural people of Nahavand County, located south of Hamadan Province, have a very high migration rate due to unemployment and a lack of facilities. For this reason, the problem in the study area is the low level of women's entrepreneurship, personal abilities such as self-confidence and self-esteem, support from the government support and behavioral environment. Therefore, the main issue in this research is analysing factors affecting rural women's entrepreneurship in Nahavand County.

This research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlative in terms of method, so the study follows the positivism paradigm. The statistical population of the research consists of women entrepreneurs in the villages of Nahavand County, and a total of 110 people were surveyed as a sample. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Analysis of the obtained data was done using SmartPLS3 software.

The research findings indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between individual factors, family factors, economic factors, sociocultural factors and entrepreneurship of rural women, based on the results of path analysis, the influence of individual factors (0.556); family factors (0.125); economic factors (0.398); cultural-social factors (0.349), which shows the impact of all identified factors on rural women's entrepreneurship. Also, individual and economic criteria had the greatest impact on rural women's entrepreneurship.

The importance of open innovation and its role in increasing the competitive advantage of organizations cannot be over-exaggerated. On the other hand, due to the lack of systematic study of open innovation in universities and the research gaps in this field, it is of great importance to explore the barriers of universities to transit from closed innovation to open innovation. The present study aims to identify barriers to moving toward open innovation at Razi University. The research is a mixed-methods (qualitative/quantitative) study in approach. In the qualitative stage, the theme analysis method was used to identify the obstacles through semi-structured interviews with 15 experts who were selected by the snowball method. The results in this phase were analyzed by coding (open coding, axial coding, and selective coding). In the next stage (the quantitative phase), a researcher-made questionnaire was used to examine and rank the barriers using a descriptive survey. The statistical population in this phase consisted of 110 faculty members who had a background in commercialization, teaching, or doing research in the field of entrepreneurship at Razi University. By stratified random sampling, 86 people were sampled. Data in the quantitative phase were analyzed by descriptive statistics. According to the results, eight main categories were identified as barriers, including supportive barriers, communication barriers, cultural barriers, structural barriers, macro government policies, educational barriers, motivational barriers, and personality barriers. The highest and lowest means were found to be related to supportive barriers (5.14) showing their high importance and personality barriers (3.82) showing their low importance, respectively.

Today, universities are operating in a complex and changing environment, it is necessary to be present in this complex environment to improve your knowledge and information. Open innovation has made it possible for universities to share their produced knowledge with the outside world and receive the knowledge they need. As a result of the importance of open innovation in the university environment and its effect on organizational innovative performance, this research has investigated the effect of open innovation on organizational innovative performance with the role of environmental transformer. The method used in this research is a descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of the research is 24 higher education centers in the city of Kermanshah, 3 higher education centers, Razi University, Islamic Azad University and Applied Science University were randomly selected as samples, and 284 managers and experts of these centers answered the questionnaires. they answered Data analysis was done using structural equation modeling method with Smart PLS software. The results showed that the dynamic environment and the competitive environment moderate the effect of open innovation on the organizational innovative performance of human resources and show it positively and meaningfully.

Health tourism is almost a new topic today, and developed and developing countries are investing in it as a new source of income, and Iran has a high potential in this, both because of its medical facilities and because of regional conditions and neighboring countries. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the background of the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem on the consequences of health tourism in Iran. The statistical population of the study is 94 people active in the field of health tourism in Kermanshah province, of which 75 people were selected as a statistical sample. This research has been carried out with the method and paradigm of proof of belief and deductive approach by survey method. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire that the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on experts' opinions and the construct validity was confirmed based on confirmatory factor analysis and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. For data analysis, the structural equation model with PLS method was used with the help of Smart-PLS software, the results of which show that the background of entrepreneurial ecosystem formation is effective on ecosystem formation. The formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem has an impact on the consequences of health tourism. Also, regional business dynamics in Kermanshah province affect the consequences of health tourism. Finally, regional business dynamics play a moderating role in the relationship between the formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the consequences of health tourism.

Entrepreneurship is one of the key factors in economic development and a key indicator in the development of growing societies. What motivates the entrepreneur to start an entrepreneurial activity is entrepreneurial motivation. Entrepreneurial motivation is the process of transforming an ordinary person into an entrepreneur who can create opportunities and help maximize wealth and economic development. The purpose of this study is to identify and classify the motivations of entrepreneurs.

This research has been done with a systematic review approach and using a six-cell matrix in two components for motivation (traction or pressure) and sources of motivating (economic, psychological or social).

According to the six-cell matrix, the highest frequency of motivations identified are: psychological traction motives with 61%, economic traction motives with 21.1%, social traction motives with 6.2%, psychological compulsive motives with 9.2%, Social pressure motives 2% and economic pressure motives 5%. Shows the percentage distribution of motivations.

The cultural context and demographic characteristics of entrepreneurs are not separated in this studyPractical Consequences: Identifying and classifying their motivations and focusing and strengthening these motivations in the programs of policy makers and planners will lead to economic and social development.Innovation or value of the Article: According to the new model, entrepreneurs' motivations are classified into two components: motivation and motivation source.

Earthquake is a kind of natural crises that has caused a lot of damage to the affected communities in different dimensions throughout history. In this regard, NGOs, along with governmental organizations, can play an effective role in minimizing these harms and achieving maximum recovery and sustainability of these communities, if are planned properly. The main purpose of this research is to analyze of the role of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in the rehabilitation and sustainability of earthquake-stricken areas in Kermanshah province. This research has applied a qualitative approach and directional content analysis method. The study population of this research is the NGOs active in the earthquake affected areas of Kermanshah province. The purposive sampling (a kind of snowball) has been used to select interviewees. Sampling continued to reach the theoretical saturation. In this study, theoretical saturation is obtained by reviewing 23 samples from the study population. Data collection is carried out through interviewing, observing and taking field observations, examining documents and often a combination of these methods. The findings reveal that the major activities of the NGOs in the areas of the earthquake include Needs Assessment and Information, Collecting and Distributing Goods, Providing Medical Services, Providing Psychological Advice, Providing Services to Children, Providing Services to Women, Providing Residential Services, Providing Health Services, Providing Environmental Services, Providing Social Services and Providing continuing education services. The results indicate that NGOs have played a significant role in rehabilitation and sustainability of earthquake-stricken areas, and with the right planning and policy, the maximum participation of active NGOs can be used as powerful arms in the reconstruction and sustainability of affected areas in future crises. Finally, some suggestions are provided based on the findings.

The approach of cluster development as one of the new strategies of industrial development in the last two decades has been considered by policymakers. The business clusters as a spatial focus of firms with shared opportunities and threats, in order to survive in a turbulent competitive environment, requires simultaneous attention to exploring future opportunities and exploiting current capabilities. Ambidexterity in business clusters as open systems with complex economic and social links requires recognizing the interaction between actors and paying attention to their preferences. This research is descriptive in terms of data collection and qualitative in terms of data type which is based on the study of articles, policy documents, reports and conducting interviews with experts. Due to the complexity of the conflict between actors, using a game theory model called graph model, interactions and preferences between different actors of the ambidextrous business clusters are modeled and analyzed and based on it, and the most probable results are presented. The results of the model show that the government, business clusters and scientific and research centers are three actors that are in a new equilibrium state with unilateral improvement, while financing institutions and business development service providers are not in a new equilibrium state.

The purpose of this study is the strategic analysis of Razi University Community Relations Office as one of the most important communication channels between the university and society to develop entrepreneurship in knowledge-based communities..

This research is using a hybrid approach (swot-ahp). In the qualitative part, the targeted sampling and snow bullets were used. After nine interviews with experts, the theoretical saturation was achieved in the quantitative part, to dedicate a weighting factor to each of the SWOT factors, paired comparison was given to the same experts in the qualitative section

The findings showed that aggressive strategies for the development of research and educational products with the subject of trade development in border markets. Conservative marketing strategies of university capabilities to activists and associations in the field of agriculture, industry and reviewing the policy of attracting and promoting professors with an industry-oriented approach, competitive strategies to develop discourse interactions between industry and academia, reviewing faculty motivation Getting to university and Selective policy defensive strategies were presented to support motivated or industry-related professors and to budget the facilities and resources of the university and office in the face of surroundings problems.

According to the results of this study, when the three pillars of government, industry and academia play their role properly, it will be possible to establish an effective and efficient relationship between industry and academia. The macro-social, economic and political environmental conditions of the country play a key role in establishing this relationship.

Business clusters evolve as a spatial focus of firms with shared opportunities and threats in a nonlinear behavior, with a multiple feedback mechanism between cluster actors, and require attention to ambidexterity- exploiting of current capabilities and exploring future opportunities- in order to survive in a complex and competitive environment. In recent decades, the harsh sanctions of the arrogant powers have been one of the obstacles to accessing the world's latest technical knowledge and technology to help economic growth and development, which has been considered a source of serious controversy in reducing the competitiveness of enterprises. In this study, in order to investigate the issue of sanctions in interaction with other actors, information collection through reading articles, policy documents, reports and receiving expert opinions through interviews has been considered. Due to the complexity of this conflict, using a game theory model called the graph model, the interactions and preferences between different actors in the business cluster are modeled and the most probable results are presented. According to the analysis, the government, business clusters and scientific and research centers have an improved equilibrium point, but there is no preferential financing for the centers to change the current situation.

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the antecedent of the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem on the consequences of health tourism in Iran. This study also examines the role that regional business dynamics play in strengthening or weakening this relationship. The research population consists of 94 individuals and specialists active in the field of health tourism in Kermanshah province.. The philosophy of the research is positivism, the approach is deductive, and the strategy is surveying. After reviewing the literature and designing a conceptual model, a questionnaire consisting of 34 questions was presented to a statistical sample consisting of 75 experts in this field. Then, the data were gathered and analyzed by Smart PlS software through correlation matrix, structural equation model and fitness test. The results of data analysis show that the antecedent of the formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is effective on the formation of the ecosystem. The formation of entrepreneurial ecosystem is effective on the consequences of health tourism. Finally, regional business dynamics play a moderating role in the relationship between the formation of the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the consequences of health tourism.

Unfortunately, at present, the coronavirus crisis has caused a lot of damage to the tourism industry, while this crisis is a challenge for the tourism industry. The tourism industry must be managed, policy-made and managed in such a way that the threats of this crisis become opportunities for its development in order to provide the ground for endogenous development of Kermanshah province in the long run. The main purpose of this study is to Presenting a safe tourism model for the continuation of tourism businesses in times of crisis with emphasis on endogenous development of Kermanshah province. The study population included business owners in the field of tourism in Kermanshah province. Purposeful sampling of the type snowball was used to select the interviewees. Sampling was continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In this study, theoretical saturation was obtained by examining 38 samples from the mentioned population. Data were collected through open (unstructured) questionnaires, in-depth individual interviews, note-taking, document review, or often a combination of these methods. The results obtained from the research data in the coding process were extracted and classified in the form of concepts and based on them, "a model for safe tourism in the conditions of coronavirus crisis with emphasis on endogenous development of Kermanshah province" was presented. The results showed that principled and scientific policies can not only cause the continuation of tourism industry activities in times of crisis, but also provide the context for the development of the tourism industry and the endogenous development of the province in the Post-corona era. Subsequently, based on the research findings, recommended were made to make the research model operational.