فهرست مطالب بیژن میرزایی

International power is considered one of the essential and fundamental components in international politics. In the classical view, power has been analyzed primarily from a hard power perspective. Consequently, governments, politicians, and policymakers have been encouraged to understand and utilize hard power. However, with the examination of soft power and related concepts such as soft overthrow, soft warfare, and soft security, these ideas quickly gained significant attention in the political discourse of various countries, including the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study, employing a descriptive-analytical approach and using library and online resources, seeks to answer the question: What is the analysis of the Islamic Republic of Iran's soft power and its impact on national security? The findings indicate that the most important components of Iran's security in the realm of soft power stem from the dominant values of society, the values of the Islamic Revolution, and soft power in higher-level documents, all of which have a direct relationship with ensuring national security.

The virtual world is a reality that overshadows the realities of real life. Two important areas of virtual reality are society and politics, which are closely related. To understand the relationship between the two, attention has been paid to the question of which of the two makes the most of this new habitat. That is, Antonio Gramsci and Isaiah Berlin examine the two concepts of hegemony and freedom. The purpose of this article is to answer the fundamental question of whether the virtual ecosystem has led to more human freedom or not. In analyzing this question, this paper shows that governments and governments, through a new model of government that is closely related to the virtual world and the information society, called hegemony, have created a kind of dependence of satisfaction in citizens, which is the dependence of dependence. It has created an illusion of freedom in their minds.This study shows that governments, through hegemony through the virtual ecosystem, control society, and this is where citizens are confused as to whether they are truly free or in the grip of power; However, it seems that getting out of these two paths of hegemony and freedom in the virtual world is becoming impossible day by day and this hegemonic domination should be controlled only by creating networks of consciousness.

The Middle East has long been the scene of competition between regional and transnational powers and has always attracted the attention of many international actors. The Islamic Republic of Iran, as one of the most important regional actors, has a major role in influencing regional balance and shaping the economic, political, and security structures of the new Middle East. Thus new regional developments such as the Arab revolutions of the Arab Spring, the crisis in Iraq and Syria, ISIL terrorism, the redefinition of the role of other regional and transnational actors, and the increasing pressure on Iran by Donald Trump's arrival in the States The United States and its changing attitude towards Iran require that the Islamic Republic of Iran review and reconstruct the strategic requirements of its regional foreign policy in line with the foreign policy of other influential regional and transnational actors, especially the United States of America. To put in place an effective strategy to take full advantage of leading opportunities and minimize potential threats and challenges. The present article seeks to answer the question "What are the effective strategic requirements for enhancing the political and regional role of the Islamic Republic of Iran in regional developments?" The research hypothesis is that the new strategy is based on expanding regional cooperation. sustainable regional security based on a cooperative security approach, confidence building, de-sensitization, and the use of strategic rationality in balancing power, with emphasis on the three regional powers (Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey) and most importantly strengthening the democratic system Religion based on social capital can be very effective. The purpose of this study is to examine the new strategy due to the role of the Islamic Republic in the development of the region and how to use it in a neutral policy. The research method is descriptive-analytical and data collection is done using library and internet tools based on objective data.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the main elements of the discourse of the government after the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and to explain the main elements of the discourse, Laclau and Mouffe's discourse approach and descriptive books and research articles were used. Since every discourse has signifiers, the findings of the research show that the reformist discourse forms signs such as freedom, legalism, religious democracy, human rights, and having fair and free relations with the whole world around the central signifier of the people. They gave. On the other hand, fundamentalists have formed their semantic system by adding signs such as justice, security, values, cultural invasion, etc. around the central sign of the province.

Corona's omnipotence put governments in a critical position while they did not expect such a situation at all. This epidemic has not only medical posed a real threat, but has also targeted the effectiveness of government policies. In the meantime, the adoption of appropriate policies to deal with this crisis has, above all, returned to a fundamental category: social capital. Social capital and the political trust that accompanies it, most of all, help governments, and its scarcity is fundamentally detrimental to their policy of curbing the all-encompassing crisis. In Iran, too, the government found itself in such an unfavorable and critical situation. Although many governments were in a similar situation, reducing social capital in Iran, which had emerged from previous and recent crises, made it even more difficult. Did. In this article, while examining the category of social capital and political trust, the example of the Iranian government will be mentioned and the question will be asked: What are the consequences of the reduction of the government's social capital in Iran in the issue of Corona epidemic? And according to studies, this decline has been largely due to previous crises, political distrust and inefficiency of the government in its macro-policies.

Reza Khan's rise to power in the Iranian political climate had many aspects. He was the son of a tumultuous time after the constitution. One of the most influential groups that had a key role to bring him to power was intellectuals of the late years of Qajar. The failure of the constitutional movement to establish a modern, centralized, and legitimate government and the involvement of Russian and British powers in Iran's internal affairs, along with international developments and the outbreak of World War I and the occupation of Iran, prompted intellectuals to seek a "superman" that could bring about the unity of the country by employing "force" and establishing a stable government to put Iran in the gates of the modern world. Here the intellectuals of this period had a significant difference, despite many similarities. The first generation of Iranian intellectuals saw their modern-day identity in the "law-making" that the result was the constitution revolution. However, the second-generation intellectuals saw their identity in the "Enlightened despotism," the result of which was the rise of Reza Khan and, ultimately, his kingdom. This paper applied the theoretical foundations of cognitive sociology (the interrelationship between thought and the structure of society). In a descriptive-analytical way, it examines the evolution of intellectualism, considering the law-abiding nature of first-generation and opinions of some of the most important second-generation intellectuals.

Today, the global system is formed based on multilateralism, which is based on international relations and the origin of international organizations and institutions. But this matter is endangered by the unilateralism pursued by the United States of America. Coercive unilateral measures such as sanctions, threats, military intervention, and even measures such as withdrawal from international treaties are exerted at high levels. Therefore, such actions by a country, which considers itself protector of the human rights and interests of the international police, are contrary to the international law and the United Nations Charter and must be opposed by the international community. This study has adopted a descriptive-analytical approach and is based on internationally accepted documents and procedures. Data collection is done using library and internet tools and relying on objective data. In this study, we seek to answer the critical question of whether the United States' unilateral and hostile sanctions against the Islamic Republic of Iran are legitimate in terms of international law and human rights. Our initial answer (hypothesis) to this question is that the hostile actions of the United States of America against the Iranian people are blatant violations of international human rights law following the resolutions of the UN and the Human Rights Council. The fundamental rights of the Iranian people, such health, life, and the right to development, in all its legitimate respects, have been directly influenced by the hostile and unilateral actions of the United States, and have a worrying impact on the human rights and life of the Iranians. The United States' actions also impede the establishment of lasting and comprehensive peace and security in the international arena. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine and evaluate the contradictions between the sanctions as one of the most essential enforced and hostile actions of the United States' government against the economic resources of the Iranian state and nation from the perspective of the international law and human rights.

Reza Khan getting into power is one of the main events of Iran contemporary history for which various factors have been proposed from interference of foreigners to the chaos of Iran after constitutional revolution. In this regard, the intellectuals who played significant role in making Reza Khan get into power through their intellectual and practical support should be mentioned. The intellectuals of this period considered the saving path of country in establishment of "authorized government", "expansion of nationalism" and "authoritarian modernization" by avoiding the constitutional ideals and perceived the satisfaction of these ideas in Reza Khan's personality. Thus, in their publications which they published until Reza Khan Kingdom, they pursued these ideas and were united in fulfillment of them through establishment of a superior and concentrated political power. The coalition between Reza Khan and intellectuals leads to enhancement of political status of Reza Khan and succeeded in providing a map for his future government which he tried to implement during his 20 years of presence in politics

Through radical and wide-scale social changes، renovation among Europeans led to the emergence of modern and developed societies based on modernization and with the help of bourgeoisie، absolutist، national and modern government. However، despite the attempts done in Reza Shah Reign، renovation in Iran did not lead to the creation of a modern and developed society. Renovation took place hastily in the first Pahlavi era. Because of government dominance on the power sources، incompetence and dispersion of the civic society، renovations were carried out in areas consistent with the essence and structure of an absolutist government. Thus، prevention of participation an also development of competitions enforced by the absolutist government turned Iran’s political zone to an undeveloped area in its economic and social structure. In other words، the absolutist government was against development in the political system، which led to recreation of autarchy and dictatorship. Due to basic stability and structural inadequacy، the government could not manage to solve main crises of identity، legitimacy، distribution، main internal and external conflicts and establishment of an institutional، systematic and durable stability toward capitalism and a developed society along with reinforcement of civic، democratic، national and independent bourgeoisie organizations. In this research، we are looking for the answer to this question: Why، despite the renovation experience in the first Pahlavi era، Iran could not manage to become a modern and developed society. There for، related reasons and causes will be defined and analyzed in order to put forth a new approach to understand the lack of development and stalemate in the said era. The methodology in this article is mainly based on library activities and a historical-analytical study.