تکتم فتحی

The current study was conducted with the purpose of familiarizing and documenting the culture of traditional use of applied species in Sarayan region in South Khorasan province. In this study, after familiarizing with the ways to reach different parts of each region, by preparing a questionnaire we referred to the natives of each region and a personal interview conducted with traditional botanists, especially the elderly and knowledgeable people in the city and village who had information in the field of medicinal plants. The interviews focused on the local name of the plants, vegetative form, collection time, method of harvesting, organs used and how to use and properties of the plants, and continued until the repeated answers ascertained the stability and accuracy of the interview. Collected plants were identified using valid botanical sources. In this study, 133plant species with different applications were identified from Sarayan region, which belonged to 37 genus and 37 families, which had the highest contribution among the families of Asteraceae, Chenopodiaceae,Lamiaceae , Gramineae, of which 87 species are medicinal. The results of studying the traditional use of plants showed that the most medicinal use of plants is for treatment of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The most application of consumable organs of plants included leaves, seeds and fruits. Investigation and comparison of different application of plants in the studied region as well as other parts of Iran proves the similarity of uses among some similar plant species in different regions of the country.

To compare some ecomorphological, phenological and phytochemical properties of common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.) in two regions Ferdows and Tabas, three habitats from each region were randomly selected and studied in 2018. Soil analysis of the habitats indicated the growth of the plant in sandy loam soils. On the other hand, the soil of these two habitats was alkaline with low salinity. Soil lime content was higher than crop soils. The results of phenological studies also showed that in Ferdows, this plant grows in early April and blooms in June. Then the seeds begin to ripen in late October and fall in late November. In Tabas, the plant begins to grow in the second half of March, flowers in May and flowering continues until early autumn. The seeds start to ripen in the second half of August and fall in early November. In Ferdows and Tabas, the recession period of plant activities coincided with dryness of the environment and the onset of the cold season, respectively. Phytochemical analysis of leaves, flowers, seeds, and stems extracts of the plant in two regions showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, emodol or emodine, saponins, carbohydrates, starch, sterols, steroids, anthocyanosides, and cumarins in low to high amounts in each organ of the plant. Anthracenoside was not found in any of the three ethanol, aqueous and ether extracts. Also, four phenolic acids (linoleic, linolenic, synergic, and paracomaric acids) were detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in seeds, stems, flowers, and leaves of the plant in both areas. The results also showed that the anthocyanin content of the leaves decreased with increasing the region's altitude.