فهرست مطالب جبار خدادوست

This article examines the impact of German dependence on Russian gas supplies for Europe’s ability to apply effective sanctions against Russia. It demonstrates that by focusing on the environmental dimensions of energy policy and a policy of rapprochement with Russia, Germany has neglected the security of supply implications of its dependence on Russian gas. The article argues that Germany’s excessive energy dependence on Russia has limited the ability of the EU to challenge Russian revisionism by targeting its energy sector through sanctions. The article makes a number of energy policy recommendations which will be essential for Germany to avoid undue Russian influence on its foreign and security policies. The article concludes by exploring the utility of Neoclassical Realism in understanding Germany’s approach to energy security. In doing so it highlights the dangers of allowing ideology to cloud a sober assessment of the imperatives of the balance of theat.

With the cold war out of the way, the establishment of the European Union and the contagion of economic convergence to other cultural, political and security dimensions, the motivations and conditions required to form the E.U. common security regime were realized. Additionally, the development of new international events including the 1990s Balkan crises which severely jeopardized Europe's security strengthened the motivations of a number of Europeanist leaders of this continent including Germany to move on towards the realization of Europe's military-political independence and unity. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, NATO suffered from an identity crisis, but it managed to survive the crisis by redefining itself and its peripheral security environment, and specifically in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, it tried to more objectively highlight its new goals concerned with the strategy of action outside NATO's realm in order to preserve and implement peace, in the process of which Germany too played an active and efficient role. The present research intends to address Germany's approach in composing and implementing EU's defense and security policies using analytical-descriptive research method and collecting sources with library method. The research hypothesis states that Germany in Post-Cold era has been able to maintain an active presence in NATO in order to amplify the operational performance and conducting its new missions beyond the realm of NATO, while at the same time promoting EU's security-defense convergence.