جواد باغبانی

The two topics of ‘’infallibility’’ and ‘authority of the holy texts of Ibrahimic religion have been the special concern of the scholars of these religions. One of the reasons behind their concern is that Islam, Judaism and Christianity are among the text-based religions. When a Muslim, Jewish or Christian knows that his holy Book has no error and becomes sure that there are no probable errors in his Book, which can impair its validity, he/she will base his thoughts and deeds on the Book and lead a peaceful religious life.
Every Muslim and fair scholar absolutely agree that the holy Qur’an is impeccable because all agree about its authenticity. Also, it represents a great challenge and it is free from substantial differences. The certainty of the infallibility of the holy Qur’an’ dispels and doubts about its authenticity.
The Christians and the Jews tried hard to buck this strong trend and verify the authenticity of their Books. The Jewis consider the Old Testament as holy and heavenly, but their perception of the holiness of the Old Testament is different from Muslim's perception of the holiness of the holy Quran. They believe that the scribes of the Old Testament received divine providence while writing these Books and that these Books are reliable authoritative sources.
Likewise, the Christians believe that God is the author of the holy book and that this work was written by scribes. Accordingly, they consider the Bible to be authentic. However, this authenticity is not confirmed by evidence about the infallibility of the two holy texts. This is because the authenticity the Old Testament and the New Testament is not agreed upon by all authorities, these Books do not represent a challenge and they consist a lot of differences and contradictions.

Contrary to the advice of Jesus Christ who told people not to call anyone "father", Christians called their eminent bishops who were theologians andwriters as Church fathers from the 1st to the 5th centuries. Here the Church is used to mean the whole Christianity. For theological reasons, the period of the Church fathers is of great importance for each of the three large Christian denominations. The area of study which deals with the life and works of the Church Fathers is called patrology. Christian historians have divided Church Fathers in various ways. For example, they have been grouped in terms of the language they speak. Therefore, we have Latin fathers and Greek fathers of the Church. There is also a group of fathers who do not belong to either of these two groups. The present inquiry deals with the subject.