فهرست مطالب جواد طباطباییان

This research was carried out with the aim of studying the effect of zinc and potassium levels as foliar application on quantitative and qualitative traits of saffron (Crocus sativa) in Natanz city (village Badrude) in the second year of agriculture during 2019. The experiment was done as factorial layout based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Elements such as KNO3 at the levels of control (K1), 5 in thousand (K2) and 10 in thousand (K3) and Zn-EDTA at the levels of control (Z1), 5 in thousand (Z2) and 10 in thousand (Z3) were the treatments. The studied traits included quantitative traits of fresh and dry weight of the girl's corm, fresh and dry weight of mother corm, fresh and dry yield of the flower, fresh dry yield of the stigma, qualitative traits of Crocin, picocrocin and safranal. The results showed that K2 and K3 levels increased the quantitative traits, especially at K3 level. While spraying zinc only at the Z2 level quantitative traits increased and it had no significant effect on qualitative traits. The application of potassium fertilizer at the K3 level along with the Z2 had the greatest effect on increasing the quantitative traits of saffron. Perhaps one of the reasons for increasing flower yield can be attributed to the positive effects of potassium and zinc on the photosynthetic system of the plant. This increase in the amount of photosynthesis and metabolism, in turn, affects the amount of stigma production and increases  dry weight of the stigma. As a result of potassium spraying, amount of crocin and picrocrocin increased from K1 to K3 by 18 and 13 %, and safranal increased from K1 to K2 and K3 increased by 30% and 48%, respectively. In the present study, there was a positive and significant correlation between the amount of Crocin, Picrocrocin and Safranal contents with quantitative characteristics in saffron. It can be said that quality traits are influenced by quantitative traits and yield components of saffron. Therefore, flowering and flower yield of saffron is also effective in improving its quality.

Mountain celery with scientific name of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff is one of native medicinal plants of Iran that is an endangered species due to illegal removal. Present study was carried out to find the suitable treatment for stimulating germination of seeds this plant. A factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications was used. Stratification (4 ̊C for 0, 4, and 8 weeks), 500 ppm solutions of Gibberellin (GA), Benzyl adenine (BA), Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole butyric acid (IBA) and combinations of these hormones as follows: (GA+IBA), (GA+ NAA), (GA+BA), (IBA+NAA), (IBA+BA), (NAA+BA), (GA+ IBA+NAA), (GA+ IBA+BA), (GA+NAA+BA), (IBA+NAA+BA), (GA+ IBA +NAA+BA) were the treatments. The results showed that Stratification or hormonal treatments alone increased germination parameters, however, 8 weeks stratification and GA were the most effective treatments. The highest germination percent and duration were obtained in GA, BA, GA+IBA+IBA and IBA after eight weeks of stratification at 4 ̊C due to treatments interaction suggesting that seeds of this species has physiological dormancy. There was no synergic effect between hormonal treatments. The results showed that mountain celery had physiological dormancy and treatments with the greatest degree of success in breaking dormancy were GA, BA, GA+IBA+BA, BA and IBA under 8 weeks stratification.

The decrease of the agricultural crops growth is one of the important effects of salinity that in these conditions sodium and chloride ions in shoots and roots have been increased however potassium and calcium ions have been decreased. One of the mechanisms to work with salinity presence of calcium ion that improved the adverse effects of salinity. Maintaining the proper amount of calcium ion in the soil, the toxic effect of sodium ions is controlled. In this study, the effects of three different nutrient solutions, including the sodium chloride concentration with 0, 30, 60 and 90 mM, calcium chloride concentrations with 0, 10, 20, 30 mM and sodium chloride + calcium chloride respectively to the same concentration were reviewed and investigated on two cultivated tomato varieties in a hydroponic form and pots containing Coco peat. In the vegetative growth stage, relative water content of tissue and cytoplasmic membrane stability and leaf chlorophyll concentration after removal of the root and shoot dry weight were measured. Results showed that increase of salinity caused a significant reduction in relative water content of tissues, cytoplasmic membrane stability and chlorophyll concentration in leaves. Dry weight yield of roots and shoots also decreased with increasing the salinity so that all the characters were lowest in 90 mM of sodium chloride concentration. The results showed that the growth terms of calcium chloride and chloride + calcium chloride solutions were better, as the 10 mM concentration of calcium chloride has a significant impact on improving the damage caused by the salinity.

The effect of foliar application of zinc on yield and seed quality of wheat under water deficit was studied as split factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2009-2010. Main factor was water deficit condition at three levels of complete irrigation, irrigation halting after pollination, and after grain milk stage. Sub-factors were three wheat genotypes (Mahdavi, Shiraz and Pishtaz) and three different concentrations of zinc (0, 2.5 and 5 mg.kg-1). Results revealed that grain yield, total dry matter and harvest index were reduced and seed protein was increased with stress intensity increasing. All cultivars, particularly Mahdavi showed high performances at complete irrigation condition. However, Pishtaz produced higher grain yield (6107 kg) at irrigation halting after pollination. According to the results, zinc sulfate had positive significant effect on most of the studied traits and application of zinc sulfate 2.5 mg.kg-1 increased grain yield of wheat up to 27% at complete irrigation condition. Besides, zinc sulfate application increased zinc concentration in seeds, significantly.

Limitation of water resources and water stress in different final growth stages appear the importance of zinc sulphate foliar application in the vegetative growth phase.To investigate the effect of water stress and zinc sulphate foliar application and its interaction on grain yield and water use efficiency, a split factorial experiment as a randomized complete block design with three replications in crops was conducted in Isfahan Kabootarabad research station at 2009-10. Water stress treatments in this experiment at three water stress levels (no water stress, water stress at flowering stage and water stress at grain filling stage in the main plots and foliar application treatments were exposed to three zinc levels (0, 2.5, and 5 mg kg-1 as ZnSO4.7H2O) and wheat cultivars including Mahdavi, Shiraz and Pishtaz were leading in the sub plots. The results showed that the difference between water stress treatments on grain yield and harvest index at the 5% probability level and in total dry matter, and grain weight and water use efficiency at the %1 probability level were significant. Increasing zinc sulphate up to 2.5 mg kg-1 in the water stress at grain filling stage increased grain yield up to 12 percent. Grain yield response to leaf feeding zinc sulphate in cultivar Pishtaz to Shiraz and Mahdavi cultivars was higher. According to grain yield in water stress at flowering stage to no water stress decreased 13 percent, but less than two rounds done of irrigation (468m3 ha-1) and water use efficiency significantly 60% increased. According to the results, the use of zinc at 2.5 mg kg-1 concentration in reducing water stress and using Pishtaz cultivar in water stress condition is recommended.

To investigate the effect of foliar application of zinc on yield production and seed quality of wheat under water deficit, an experiment was conducted as split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications during 2009 and 2010 growing seasons. The main plot consisted of different water conditions (complete irrigation, halted irrigation after pollination, and after grain milk stage) and sub-plots comprised three wheat genotypes including Mahdavi, Shiraz and Pishtaz and three different concentrations of zinc including 0, 2.5 and 5 mg.kg-1. The results indicated that increasing stress intensity caused decreased grain yield, total dry matter and harvest index, but seed protein increased. Although, by increase water deficit, grain yield was reduced in all cultivars. Pishtaz showed the maximum grain yield (6107 kg/ha) when irrigation halted at pollination phase. However, all varieties, especially Mahdavi, produced higher yield at complete irrigation condition. Zinc sulfate application had a positive and significant effect on the most studied traits, so that application of 2.5 mg/kg zinc sulfate at complete irrigation treatment increased grain yield up to 27%. Besides, zinc concentration of seeds increased as zinc sulfate was applied.

In order to determine the effects of date of planting, phenotype and genotype growth parameters on grain yield formation, and also assess the characteristics of autumn wheat ideal cultivars, a research was performed in the experimental farm of Ardestan Azad University during the 2004 growing season. The experimental design was a split plot with three replicates. The sowing dates were 5th and 20th of November and 5th of December, and the ten cultivars of wheat used were Ghods, Pishtaz, Hirmand, Hamun M-73-18, Roshan, Shiraz, Falat, Chamran and Dez. The date of sowing and cultivars were the main plots and sub-plots, respectively. The sowing date had a significant effect on the length of spike, the length of peduncle, the number of grains per spike, and also on grain yield in such a way that on the 5th of November (first planting date) different cultivars had taller spikes, more grains per spike as well as a maximum cultivar grain yield. The results showed a highly significant impact on all the characteristics, except plant height, in the same way as for individual characteristics, like the spike length, peduncle height, number of grains per unit area, biological yield, grain yield, straw yield, and thousand grain weight. Roshan cultivar was recognized as one of the index cultivars. Regarding the point that Pishtaz cultivar recorded the highest harvest index and the lowest straw yield compared to other cultivars, it is possible to use Roshan as one with two purposes in the production of grass and grain. It is also possible to introduce Pishtaz as a cultivar being adapted to the conditions of Ardestan. The results of the grain yield measurements correlate significantly with those obtained from other characteristics. Therefore, it was concluded that the measurement of grain yield is not only the best measurement method for the evaluation of the effects of sowing date and the most appropriate wheat cultivars but also that there is no need to do any other complementary measurement once this type of measurement is performed.