حامد ایمانی راد

Secondary caries is one of the main causes for replacement of dental restorations. Glass ionomer cement (GIC) has cariostatic properties and antibacterial effect due to the ability to release fluoride. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial activity and fluoride release between three different formulations of GIC.

This experimental study was conducted in Ardabil Dental School, Iran 2020. We evaluated fluoride release (n=15) and antibacterial activity (n=24) of three GICs including Fuji IX GP Extra, Fuji II LC, and Equia Forte against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Microtubes containing each bacterium and no glass ionomer were considered as positive controls. Antibacterial activity was studied using well diffusion test and time-kill curve was measured. The amount of released fluoride was measured at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 14, and 21 by specific fluoride electrode. Data were analyzed applying ANOVA, post hoc Sidak, and Tukey test.

Fuji IX GP Extra and Equia Forte showed significantly higher and lower antibacterial activity against both strains, respectively (P<0.001). The least fluoride release was associated with Equia Forte (P<0.001), but Fuji IX GP Extra and Fuji II LC did not show any significant difference (P>0.05).

Fuji IX GP Extra had the greatest growth-inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus due to the highest fluoride release.

One of the major purposes of pediatric dentistry is to maintain deciduous teeth in anatomical and functional conditions up to their physiological exfoliation and eruption of permanent teeth. Whenever pulp gets involved or exposed to mouth area and microorganisms penetrate into pulp, deciduous teeth needs pulp therapy. In the sterile environment, the exposed pulp tissue is able to repair itself and also to create a dentin bridge, but in the presence of bacteria, development of disease and ultimately death of the pulp will be inevitable. The ideal pulpotomy cement should have good physical and biological properties such as sealing of the remaining pulp tissue, being biocompatible and possessing antibacterial activity. The aim of this study was to compare the antibacterial effect of some usual materials used for pulpotomy in deciduous teeth. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of materials used in deciduous teeth pulpotomy including Zoliran, Sina Zonalin, Kemdent Zonalin, MTA (OrthoMTA) and CEM Cement against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Well diffusion test and disk diffusion test and time kill curve were used for antibacterial activity assay. Also, we evaluated stability of antibacterial activity of the materials. The antibacterial activity in disk diffusion and well diffusion test was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition, whereas in time kill curve the optical density of the bacterial suspension was measured. We used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test at the significance level of 5% . In well diffussion and disk diffussion tests all of the materials except CEM Cement showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The largest and smallest zones of inhibition belonged to zoliran and MTA respectively. The results of time kill curve revealed a similar pattern, so that during the experiment period Zoliran, Sina Zonalin, Kemdent Zonalin, MTA and CEM Cement showed the greatest effects in both groups of bacteria respectively. Reinforced ZOE groups had the greatest effect in inhibition of growth of S.mutans and L.acidophilus compared to MTA and CEM Cement. Thus, use of Zoliran, Sina and Kemdent Zonalin cements in pulpotomy of deciduous teeth can be useful in controlling bacterial growth and achieving success in pulpotomy.