فهرست مطالب حامد رمضانی اول ریابی

Today, polyethylene plastics have become a big problem of environmental health, i.e. excessive production of waste, and it has endangered the environment. But insects have come to the aid of the environment, and in the meantime, the large wax-eating moth (Galleria mellonella) is able to digest polyethylene plastic, polyester, aluminum foil, and even fabric masks with the help of the microbiome of its larva's stomach. This study was also designed to investigate the ability of G. mellonella larvae to remove polyethylene plastic .

First, G. melonella larvae were collected from Gonabad honey apiaries in June 2022. The larvae were reared in the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences medical entomology laboratory with beeswax and synthetic food in plastic boxes and dark rooms (temperature 25±2 oC and humidity 33%). To feed the larvae, pieces of plastic film were cut into diameters (10×10 cm) from the freezer, garbage, and shopping bag (so-called with handles) and placed on ten Petri dishes with a diameter of (8×8 cm) containing ten larvae. Another petri dish (with a hole for larvae to breathe) was placed on the polyethylene films. The produced biomass of larvae related to each type of plastic was analyzed separately with Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR).

Analysis of 8 types of biomass produced by larvae feeding from wax (control) compared to polyethylene plastics (target item) with FT-IRIt revealed functional groups C-CL, C=O, C=C, R-OH, CH2, -C-C-, which is a sign of polyethylene plastic degradation. Also, the comparison of the amount of plastic removal among the larvae fed on different types of polyethylene film revealed a significant difference (P<0.05).

G. melonella larvae as a biological method can be effective in removing plastic from nature in the future.

It is important to pay attention to mental health in all aspects of one’s life, both in one’s personal and social life, as well as in one’s career. Neglecting the issue of mental health may result in a decrease in the efficiency and loss of human resources. It can also cause physical and mental disorders. The present research aimed to study the mental health status in Shahid Rajaei Teaching Hospital in Qazvin. Four aspects of mental health including physical, social function, anxiety and depression were studied. This research is a descriptive, cross- sectional study which was carried out from September to October 2008. The research population comprised all the employees in Shahid Rajaei Teaching Hospital and the sample comprised of 70 employees selected through randomized- stratified method. GHQ28 questionnaire was used for data collection and the analysis was done by SPSS software, using Anova and t-tests. Our findings showed disturbances in all aspects of studied mental health status. Physical health and social functions were disturbed in 5.7 and 2.8% of subjects respectively. Anxiety was present in 11.4% and depression was evident in 1.4% of subjects. No correlation was found between mental disorders and variables such as age, gender, marital status, job status, education and number of children. According to these data an average prevalence of mental disorders is present among the personnel in Shahid Rajae Teaching Hospital which demand more attention by the authorities to improve the situation.

Mosquitoes are the most important vectors of disease in the world which transfer important diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and F ilariasis to human. Today, living in the suburbs, slums, and non-standard housing conditions has increased which, in turn, has brought with it ecological changes and manipulation of nature. These transformations have prepared the conditions for growth and proliferation of disease causing vectors. This study was designed to study the biology of mosquitoes in Gonabad city so that in case of danger appropriate measures could be taken to fight them in the shortest period of time. This descriptive study was conducted in four rural districts, namely, Darb-e Sufeh, Kureshk, Shehab and Senjedak. The mosquitoes were collected every fifteen days from April to September 2008. Sampling for mosquito larvae and Pope was done through ladle handling method and to catch adult mosquito, light traps and hand fishing method were used. The mosquito collection was performed in the shelters and environments surrounding larvae sites. The collected samples were transferred to the laboratory to determine the species, and they were identified using a stereomicroscope or Binocoler based on Iranian guide for identifying mosquitoes. In total, 230 samples of mosquitoes (170 larvae and 60 adults) were collected with three methods of ladle handling, hand catch, and light trap for which three species of Anopheles superpictus, Culiseta longiareolata, Culex pipiens were identified. Their abundance was as follows: An. superpictus 10 larvae (4.34%), Cu. longiareolata 160 larvae and 50 mature larvae (91.32%) and Cx. pipiens 10 adult (4.34%) and their activity peak was from May to July. Regarding the species collected and the fact that these mosquitoes are considered the most important vectors of malaria and viral diseases, it is necessary to educate people about vector borne diseases in these areas.

The scorpion stinging is one of the most important health problems in the world and poisoning by scorpion’s poison is considered a matter of some medical urgency. Therefore, it is necessary to become acquainted with the ecology and biology of scorpion’s species in any area. Few studies have been carried out regarding the scorpion’s biology and laboratory studies are not comparable with the natural condition of this arthropod. The purpose of the present study is to determine the scorpions’ biology and ecology in Gonabad city in order to present some preventive health and medical strategies against scorpion stinging. This study is a kind of descriptive and applied one which was conducted based on random cluster sampling method in Gonabad, Iran. In so doing, 218 scorpions caught from April to August (2008) were grouped based on the hunting area and then transferred to the laboratory in separate bottles containing alcohol 70%. And finally, they were identified using the identification guide for Iranian scorpions. In general, 218 scorpion samples were caught from different zoogeographical areas in Gonabad. They were three species of Odontobuthus dorie, Androctonus crassicaud, Mesobothus eupeus from Buthidae family. The greatest number of the collected scorpions was from the desert areas with clay and sand and they belonged to Odontobuthus dorie (61%) and the fewest number belonged to Androctonus crassicauda (10%). However, the most abundant scorpions in both urban and rural areas belonged to Mesobothus eupeus (29%) and they had their most period of activity in June. Considering the different species of the hunted scorpions, it is necessary not only to inform the public but also to educate them on how to take preventive actions against scorpion stinging.

Domestic dogs are the most important reservoir of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) at the endemic foci of Iran. The disease are transmission to others dogs and human by sandflies, the logic of VL prevention in world is: dogs vaccination, chemical treatment dogs, diagnosis and eliminating of infected dogs,impregnated dogs with soaps that have been reported different degrees of success. Now using deltamethrin-impregnated dog collars have been pointed, because of its impacts good in prevents of infected dogs to VL.

In this study, the efficacy of indexs of dog collars (Scalibor®) was evaluated in North-Khorasan province.For this aim,6 dogs selected as well as had similar age, weight, race and not have VL. and randomly classified in two groups as treated and untreated In the beginning of the transmission season, three DMC was separately fitted to 3 dogs and the other ones were considered as control (collarless) group. Two weeks after collar fited and any 15 days from June 2006 to September 2007 in evening one of collar and collarless dogs with their regard replacement in any shift in. separatewere exposed to wild-caught sandflies during night time (2 h after sunset) using two separate bed nets. At the end of exposure time, the sand flies were re-captured and transferred to inside netted caps and maintained at optimal condition for 24 hours in order to assess the mortality.

Data analysis revealed that the blood-feeding index was 13.4% - 27.6% for DMS fitted dogs, and 54.2% - 59.3% for control (collarless) dogs which the difference is statistically significant (p<0.005). Also the index of blood-feeding inhibition were 51.3% - 66.2% and 37% - 44.8% for collared and collarless dogs respectively and showed a significant difference (p<0.01). The mortality was 20.42%- 21.88% for sand flies fed on collared dogs, and 1.04% - 6.17% for those fed on control dogs (p<0.004). The range of combined effects (inhibition of blood-feeding and mortality) was found 72.37% - 86.62% for collared dogs, and 40.74% - 45.83% for control dogs.

The findings of this study indicate the considerable effects of DMC on inhibition of blood-feeding as well as mortality of wild-caught sandflies.