فهرست مطالب حسن ترابی

The apparel industry is among the income-generating and entrepreneurial ones in the global and national arena. The purpose of this paper is to explain the challenges facing Iran in the production and distribution of clothing and to provide policy packages to solve them. In this research, data were collected through the literature review and semi-directed in-depth interviews and investigated using qualitative content analysis. 191 propositions were classified into 31 sub-categories and rendered to form 6 main categories. The main categories are "resource-based view", "government advocation", "technology and machinery", "effective supply chain", "branding" and "design and fashion". Then, to finalize and validate the challenges and policy packages, focus groups were formed. Among the important challenges are insufficient government intervention and support to play a regulatory role, inefficient supply chain and infrastructure, and weakness in fashion design and presentation. The proposed policy packages can be mentioned as fighting against smuggling, developing a platform for the integration of the apparel chain, creating a comprehensive brand in the field of designing and direct supply of clothing, developing financing tools (capital market, bonds), developing the export of knowledge-based products and services, development of the scale and market of knowledge-based products and services, the application of augmented reality technology in online sales, the creation and development of accelerators and specialized innovation centers, the first production of cost-effective and economical machines and parts, the creation of clothing production industrial centers, and elimination of tax discrimination throughout the apparel.

Explaining the quality of employee-organization relations in unplanned changes resulting from an event such as an epidemic in the workplace is an important concern. With this aim, this article presents a model on the effect of transparent communication within the organization on the quality of employee-organization relations. From the point of view of use, purpose and time, this research is applied, exploratory and a cross-sectional study, and in general, it is a quantitative research with a survey and gathers data by a questionnaire tool that is in the form of a matrix and with scalable closed questions resulting from literature review and interviews. The statistical population includes the employees of one of the subordinate organizations of the Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Support, and the sample size, using the available method, was 95 people. Structural equation modeling and SmartPLS software have been used to test the hypothesis. The findings of the research include that clear communication within the organization directly and through the mediating variables of "control exposure strategies" and "perceived uncertainty" affects the employee-organization relationship in unplanned changes. It can be concluded that transparent communication methods provide the possibility for employees to participate in the decision-making process and receive sufficient and reliable information during unplanned change, to equip themselves with the tools to face such changes. Also, clear communication practices help manage unplanned changes by reducing uncertainty.

In today's era, the supply chain has taken a large share of human activities. In the field of SCM, to achieve better performance and focus on core capabilities, supplier performance monitoring is very important. On the one hand, the issue of globalization and transcontinental outsourcing, and on the other hand, the issue of viability has imposed high importance to choosing the right approach to the supplier based on the strategic importance and supply risk. Therefore, the success of organizations in the global competition environment is highly dependent on formulating the type of relationship with suppliers, including affiliation, cooperation, long-term rewards, and a multi-source approach. In this paper, by using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference, the performance of the SC has been evaluated based on the components of reliability, responsiveness, agility, costs and efficiency of asset management in the case study of " Zanjan Zinc Refinery Company". The output of examining the indicators related to each component in this method will lead to predicting the performance of the supplier and formulating a strategy to achieve the desired situation. In addition, the comparison of clustering models showed that the fuzzy mean clustering method with the number of 4 clusters has the lowest prediction error. The results of this research make it possible to measure the performance of the SC from different perspectives of the SCOR model. One can also provide information that helps the system expert to analyze the gap between the expected and the current performance level in terms of the mentioned components.

The use of electric buses has a great effect on reducing traffic and air pollution. The purpose of this article was to examine the challenges facing the country to produce and benefit from this product and solutions to solve these challenges. In this research, data was collected through documentary studies and in-depth semi-guided interviews and analyzed through qualitative content analysis. The target community was the experts of electric bus manufacturing companies and related institutions. The number of 72 propositions were categorized into 10 sub-categories and finally 6 main categories, the main categories of which were empowerment, cost, technological cooperation and cultural alignment. Then, action was taken to form a focus group and the extracted challenges and solutions were validated and finalized. Among the important challenges are the dependence on foreign electric propulsion, the unaffordability of bus operations, the high price of electric buses, the infrastructure for conducting some specialized tests to obtain the standard, and the lack of culture for using this new product. Some important solutions include the domestication of electric motors and accessories with government support from domestic companies, the creation of a joint supply chain for bus manufacturing companies, the preparation of a business model based on public-private partnership, and the implementation of Article 12 of the law on removing barriers to production, cultural measures and promotion based on new product and technology requirements, design of night charging system for bus batteries and design of electric base buses

In rivers, sediment load monitoring is mainly confined to suspended load measurement; as a result, maximizing resources and reducing the damage caused by river flow is critical. The goal of this study was to use Mike3D.2018 software to create a three-dimensional simulation of the Kashkan river flow in the spring of 2019. For this objective, HEC-RAS5.0.7 software is introduced and input according to the production of altitude cultivar (coming from mapping) from the bed and floodplain of the analyzed river with a length of 1200 meters and a scale of 1: 1000 for numerical modeling. Flood, suspended sediment, and transition sediment were estimated using data from the Kashkan-Poldakhtar hydrometric station for return periods of 25, 200, 1000, and 1250 years. Floods were highest at 1200 and 1100 cross sections and lowest at 50 and 350 cross sections, according to the model's findings. By comparing the values with the observed values, it was discovered that the simulation at Kashkan-Poldakhtar hydrometric station performed better. Total sediment simulated 207.45 million tons per day and suspended load utilizing Young’s relation with + 11.87 percent error. The amount of transitional suspended sediments in April (5132779/31) was also higher than in January (9890/55), February (41083/73), March (149629/75), and May (15/112617), according to the findings. In addition, compared to the typical silt in the Kashkan River, the amount of sediment in this month is quite large.

River flow prediction is one of the key issues in the management and planning of water resources, in particular the adoption of proper decisions in the event of floods and droughts. To predict the flow rate of rivers, various approaches have been introduced in hydrology, the most important of which are the intelligent models. In this study, a hybrid, model wavelet- support vector machine, was applied to estimate the discharge of Dez river basin based on the daily discharge statistics provided by the hydrometric stations located at the upstream of the dam during the statistical period (2008-2018) and its performance was compared with the support vector machine model. The correlation coefficients, root mean square error, and mean absolute error was used for evaluation and a comparison of the performance of models. The results showed that the hybrid structures presented acceptable outcomes in the modeling of river discharge. A comparison of models also showed that the hybrid model of wavelet -support vector machine has a better performance in forecasting the flow. In conclusion, the use of the WSVM model could be effective in estimating flood peak discharge.

One of the unrealistic assumptions of the economical production quantity model is the perfect quality the goods produced. To this end, following the previous attempts, in this paper it is assumed to have destructive inspections and existence of imperfect and rejected items after rework. In developed models, the new EPQ model has been calculated under 3 circumstances: 1- Imperfect items are not counted into the inventory after inspection, 2- The mentioned items are kept in the stock up to the end of production period within each cycle in EPQ model, 3- Aforementioned items are kept in stock up to the end of cycle. Moreover, we found out that if we use the traditional amounts instead of new ones, the total cost per unit time will increase with the same order. Finally, as sum of the fractions of imperfect and reworkable items ascend the EPQ and total cost per unit time will increase. A numerical example is applied to address the reliability of the results.

Namin county in Ardebil province has a large lands of hazelnut forest species, that it is one of the rich habitats of Hyrcanian forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the land degradation process of hazelnut forests in Namin County using Landsat, ETM+ images in 2007 and OLI images in 2017. Pre-processing was performed to enhance the spatial resolution of images using the IHS method to fusion both of the panchromatic and multispectral images of sensors. The images were classified into supervised and fused images with a spatial resolution of 15 m and performed with artificial neural network algorithm. The results showed that out of the total classified study area in the year 2000, 9999.06 ha belonged to forest land, which decreased to 9531.74 ha compared to 2007. Also the area of these forests decreased from 7,700 hectares from 2007 to 1396. Therefore, to preserve natural landscapes, land consolidation and legalization should be on the agenda of national experts and officials.

Any structure that is in the flow path and establishes a simple, specific and definite flow relationship and depth around it is called a flow controller. Weirs are structures that raise the water level behind them and create control sections and are simple means of measuring discharge. Bazin & Schwalt (1898) were the first to conduct experiments on rectangular broad crested weirs. Since then, many researchers have done a great deal of research on a variety of weirs. Among them we can mention: Woodburn (1932), Tracy(1957), Smith(1959), Abou-seida & Quraishi (1976), Hager&Schwalt (1994), Sargison & Percy (2009),….Due to the importance of flow measurement in open channels, the purpose of this study was to investigate the hydraulic performance of inclined weir, to determine the discharge conveyancecoefficient in this kind of structures in free and submerged flow condition, and to provide relationships to predict the discharge conveyancecoefficient.

Based on Equation 1, we can determine the weir discharge. In this equation Q is the discharge (m3 / s), Cd is the discharge coefficient (no dimension), B is the weir length (m), g is the acceleration (m / s2), and H is the height of the water over the weir (m).Also rewrite from the equation 1 to form 2 by defining it   as the discharge conveyancecoefficient (Mohamed, 2010):In this study, the equation 2 is based on the calculation of the discharge throughput on weirs. The following two equations for free and submerged flow are presented using dimensional analysis.The experiments were conducted in a plexiglass flume (Fig. 1) made of the British ArmField Company with a length of 15 m, a width of 30 cm and a height of 50 cm. A total of 60 experiments (30 free-flow and 30 submerged-flow experiments) were performed on the inclined weir.

A) Free flow condition
In this series of experiments, with increasing H/Lw ratio, the discharge conveynce coefficient of all three sloping weirs increased, but the coefficient of conveynce discharge of rectangular broad crested weir decreased (Fig. 1). This figure shows that among inclined weirs are most sensitive to H/Lw changes.Also comparison of the inclined weir with the rectangular broad crested weir indicates that the rectangular broad crested weir later is less sensitive to H/Lw. Equation 5 was derived to calculate the discharge conveyancecoefficient (Cf) in inclined weirs under free-flow conditions. B) Submerged flow conditionMultiple regression was used to investigate the interaction of the extracted dimensionless parameters on the discharge conveyancecoefficient and to provide a mathematical relation to predict these values. Equation 6 was derived to calculate the Cs coefficient in inclined weirs under submerged flow conditions. Figure 2 shows the computational and observational Cf, Cs in free and submerged flow conditions. The scattering of these points relative to the 45 ° line shows that the correlation coefficient of the experimental and computational values for free and submerged flow are equal to 0.9 and 0.91 respectively.

The results show that:- Increasing in H/Lw ratio leads increases in discharge conveyance coefficient of all three sloping weirs and decreases in rectangular broad crested weir. - For a constant value of the H/Lw ratio, the highest discharge coefficient is related to the upstream and downstream slope weir model (SCW-UD-1) and the lowest discharge coefficient is to the upstream slope weir model (SCW-U-1).-The upstream and downstream slope weir are most sensitive to H/Lw changes and rectangular broad crested weir is less sensitive to changes in H/Lw ratio. - As the H/p < /em> ratio increases, the discharge conveyance coefficient of all three sloping weir models increases.

Investigating the quality and contamination of groundwater resources in the planning and development of water resources is very important and necessary. The purpose of this study is to map the quality of water, pollution, and study the trend of changes in quality parameters in the long run in Najafabad aquifer. For this purpose, the parameters EC, TDS, SAR, pH, TH, Cl, CO3, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, NO3 and heavy elements including zinc, copper, lead, cadmium and arsenic were investigated from laboratory samples. . The agricultural water quality classification according to the Wilcox diagram is mainly in the range of C3-S1 and in the drinking water according to the Schuler diagram it is mainly acceptable and intermediate and in some cases inappropriate. The amount of heavy elements is allowed. The trend of changes in qualitative parameters was evaluated using MK and TFPW-MK methods and the results showed that water quality decreased over time. Some qualitative parameters were mapped in ArcGIS environment. The average nitrate concentration was calculated to be 63.13 mg / L and the maximum nitrate concentration in the northern and central parts of the aquifer was 193 mg / L. Regarding the results of this study, continuous monitoring and quantitative and qualitative investigations of groundwater resources and necessary measures to control pollution in the Najafabad aquifer area is very necessary.

Density current is one of the most important phenomenon in reduction the useful life of dams, that it is the main cause of the sediment movement in the dam reservoirs. Therefore, Study of density or gravity current hydrodynamics plays an important role in increasing the economic life of dams though reduction in sediment accumulation. In this research the effect of the height and distance of successive obstacles and bed slope on the head and body velocity of density current has been studied. In the experiments, four types of height models and 3 types of distance model were used for obstacles. Also, the experiments were carried out in 3 slope and 2 concentration and in two sedimentary and salty types. In total 117 experiments were carried out. The results showed that the head and body velocities decreased with increasing height and distance of obstacles and increased with increasing bed slope. Also, the results showed that using of 3 rows of obstacles can reduce the head and body velocity of salty density current about 31 and 20% respectively, in comparison with the conditions without obstacles. In sedimentary density current numerical values of this reduction was 33 and 19.5 respectively for the head and body velocity. The Keulegan coefficient for estimating head velocity results decreased about 27% in comparison with the conditions without obstacles, with its mean value being obtained about 0.48. However, increasing the bed slope reduces the effect of obstacles in decreasing of head and body velocity. Finally, two equations were developed using Spss software to estimate the head and body velocities of density current based on height of each three obstacles, distance of obstacles and bed slopes.

One of the important parameters in agriculture, regarding to assessing irrigation systems, is water distribution uniformity coefficient (CU) in sprinkler irrigation. The first study of sprinkler irrigation uniformity was executed by Christiansen (1942) in California that led to introduce the Christiansen uniformity coefficient. Nowadays, it is very common to use Christiansen uniformity coefficient in sprinkler irrigation systems. Many researchers have investigated water distribution uniformity coefficient in solid set sprinkler systems. While, other researchers such as Hart and Reynolds (1965), Karmeli (1997), Vories and Bernuth (1986), Dabbous (1962), Heerman (1983), Keller and Bliesner (1990), Carrion et al. (2001), Montero et al. (2003) and Bavi et al. (2006) have investigated different aspects of water distribution uniformity coefficient. A sprinkler water distribution pattern depends on the system design parameters such as: the sprinkler spacing, operating pressure, nozzle diameter, as well as environmental variables such as: wind speed and direction. The sprinkler irrigation distribution patterns have been characterized by various statistical uniformity coefficients. Also, various coefficients of uniformity (CUs) have been developed over the past decades. CU amount of water sprinkler operating depends on different pressure heads (P), riser height (RH), distance between sprinklers on lateral pipes (Sl) and the distance between lateral pipes (Sm). The best combination of the above parameters for maximum CU is still unknown for applicators. Many researches, such as Hezar Jaribi et al. (2009), have been done to estimate various relationships using different algorithms. Different researchers have used various concepts to express the coefficients of uniformity; hence the equations lead to different results in the expression of the distributed water uniformity in the same fields. This paper evaluates different uniformity coefficients, using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO), to propose the best and optimized equation for CU. Generally, the task is to optimize certain properties of a system by pertinently choosing the system parameters. So, in this study, CU has been estimated by Bacterial Foraging Algorithm, and an equation was proposed with the optimized coefficients for CU. The field experiments were conducted on a farmland located in Hashem Abad Agricultural Research Station of Gorgan Cotton Research Institute, about 11 kilometers northwest from Gorgan, Iran. In this area, the lands were irrigated by solid set sprinkler irrigation systems. The sprinkler uniformity tests were conducted using rain-gauge for measuring uniformity coefficients. CU quantities of zb model sprinkler (made in Iran) were considered with three different pressure heads (2.5, 3 and 3.5 atm), two riser heads (60 and 100 cm) and seven sprinkler arrangements (Sl×Sm including: 9×12, 9×15, 12×12, 15×12, 12×18, 15×15, 15×18m). In this study nonlinear equation uniformity coefficients in sprinkler irrigation have been optimized by using Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO). Typically, the BFO consists of four main mechanisms including chemotaxis, swarming, reproduction, and elimination-dispersal event. Totally, the algorithm was run more than 70 times for various conditions and obtained the best case. While optimizing CU Equation by Bacterial Foraging Algorithm (BFO), The best results obtained in S, Nc, Nre, Ned, and C(i) which were equal to 24, 500, 8, 8 and 0.01, respectively. The outcome of this optimization is the following equation which was derived to estimate the Christiansen uniformity coefficient (based on the specified working pressure of the sprinkler, sprinkler height, distance between sprinklers on the pipes side and distance between side pipes). To evaluate the proposed optimal equation, it was used to estimate Christiansen uniformity coefficient distribution of the 70% of the experimental data. Then, the model obtained from 70% of the data was verified with remaining 30% of the experimental data. The estimated Christiansen uniformity coefficient distribution (obtained from the equation) revealed high accuracy, compared with the 30% and 70% of the observed data. Result showed that the maximum absolute error between the outcomes of this algorithm with the measured values was less than 3%. This error was based on using 30% of the data. Also, the root-mean square error (RMSE) was equal to 2.13. Therefore, it is revealed that this algorithm has high accuracy in estimating water distribution uniformity coefficient. Generally, it can be said that Bacterial Foraging Algorithm is more acceptable for optimizing nonlinear functions, comparing with other algorithms such as genetic and differential evolution algorithm. Also, it has much higher rate of convergence, whereas does not make local optimal problems.

Based on the previous research, the flow rate estimation by the DCM method has been widely used in compound channels and many computational models have been developed accordingly. Therefore, a compound channel dividing into sections according to the most accurate method is a requirement that all researchers agree. While vertical lines are used in models for dividing the compound channel into the main channel and floodplain, some researchers maintain that vertical lines have an inaccurate performance compared with horizontal and diagonal lines, especially for low discharge (Khatua et al., 2013, Mohaghegh and Kouchakzadeh, 2008, and Ozbek et al., 2004). However, the methods for discharge estimation based on the shear stress calculation uses vertical lines (Ackers, 1993, Shiono and Knight, 1991, and Bousmar and Zech,1999). In this research, it has been attempted to present the best angle of the dividing line, which results in a 0% error rate calculated by comparing the effect of dividing lines with different angles on the calculation of the discharge of the compound channel.

Simulation and evaluation of river sediment is one of the important issues in water resources management. Measuring the amount of sediment in conventional methods generally involves a lot of time and cost and sometimes does not have sufficient accuracy. In this study, a wavelet neural network was used to estimate the sediments of the Kashkan River in Lorestan Province, and its results were compared with conventional smart methods such as artificial neural network. Parameters of discharge, temperature, water soluble solids content and precipitation as input and sediment discharge were selected as output during the monthly statistical period (1984-2013). Correlation coefficient, root mean squared error, and Nash Sutcliff coefficient were used to evaluate and compare the performance of the models. Results showed that the combined structure has been able to provide acceptable results in estimating sediment yield using two intelligent methods. However, in terms of accuracy, the wavelet neural network model with the highest correlation coefficient (0.850), the lowest root mean square error (0.151 tonday-1), and the Nash-Sutcliff criterion (0.758) were prioritized in the validation stage. Results also showed that the wavelet neural network model has a high ability to estimate the minimum and maximum values.

Modeling the erosion and sediment transport is one of the major problems which discussed in river engineering projects such as river intake and dam construction. In some cases, careless estimation of the river sediment load causes failure of river engineering projects. Bed load of the river sediment is one of the main parameters for assessing the stability of river form and evaluating the river power flow. The bed load measurement has much more difficulty in comparison with the suspended load, so measuring the sediment load of rivers is limited to the suspended load measurement. Estimating the river sediment load is conducted with study on the river hydraulic, flow regime, river morphology grading materials of the sediment load. Control and minimization of defection to the hydraulic structure caused by the river sediment load needs to define the river flow regime, sediment motion, erosion and degradation mechanism. The erosion in river has several effects on the river flow regime such as descending the water surface elevation that may cause a decrease in the efficiency of hydraulic structures such as intakes and pump stations. River management, regarding to the sediment transport conditions, causes an increase in the operation period. Study on the sediment transport in rivers are usually conducted with laboratory experiments and field study. In this regard, due to the high cost of experiments and field study, researchers attempt to model the sediment transport using the mathematical approaches. In order to achieve the purpose, the flow equations for rivers such as Saint Venant equation is coupled by sediment transport equations such as Akers-White, Englund-Hansen, Laursen, Meyer-peter Muller, Tofaletti (field and laboratory) and Yang, and numerical is solved by advanced numerical methods. Free or commercial powerful software packages have been provided in order to facilitate the use of mathematical approaches. Mike 11, as commercial software, and HEC-RAS, SSIM, FLUVIAL and GSTARS, as free software, could be mentioned. Several studies are done using free software packages such as HEC-RAS. Jabary et al (2014) used the HEC-RAS software to model the sediment transport in Abhar River. They stated that the Yong formula is more accurate among the other empirical approaches to model the river bed elevation. They considered the graded material of sediments, river cross sections and flood hydrograph with 25 years return period as input parameters for the model. They stated that the HEC-RAS model has suitable performance for modeling the sediment transport in Abhar River. Alami (2003) used HEC-6, River Intake and GSTARS-V2 to model the sediment transport in reservoir of dams and stated that the GSTARS is more accurate in comparison with the other software packages. Seyedian et al (2006) used the GSTARS-3 to model the sedimentation of river load in the Voshmgir Dam and predicted the volume of sediments for the next seven years. Shahinejad et al (2009) used the GSTARS-2.1 to model the morphological variation of Karun River within the Ahvaz City. They evaluated the river bed elevation for the next seven years. Due to high important effects of modeling the river sedimentation on the success of river engineering projects, modeling the sediment transport in Telvar River using the GSTARS-3 is considered in this paper. The Telvar River is a main river in the Kordistan Province, western Iran. The catchment area of the Telvar River is about 147 Km2 and about 26.1 Km of the river was considered as case in this study. The GSTARS was developed by Molinas and Yang (1985) to model the alluvial rivers, this model has been modified with Yang et al (2006) and nowadays the GSTARS-4 is the last version of the GSTARS. The GSTARS is in involved four parts: First, using the energy and momentum equations for the water surface calculation. Second, using the concept of flood routing for routing the river sediment load. Third, using the concept of intensity of energy losses, in other words, using the minimum power flow theory for modifying the width and depth of flow and fourth, evaluating the Criteria of slope stability. The GSTARS included 14 equations for modeling the Non-cohesive sediments. The aim of this study is analyzing the longitudinal erosion of the river bed and also evaluating the cross section width variation and at the end, selecting the suitable empirical formula which has suitable performance for modeling the case study area. The model validation was conducted by a trial and error process because of evaluating the erosion such as sedimentation depends on the empirical formula and graded material curve. Therefore, a number of formulas which had more suitable performance were selected. During the model validation process the result of model was compared with the measured data which was recorded at the 2013 and found that the Yang method is more suitable for modeling the river bed elevation. The results of this study showed that the GSTARS model has suitable performance for modeling the erosion and sedimentation in the Abhar River, and this software can be used for modeling the cross section erosion and finding the area which has high potential for erosion and sedimentation.

Optimal utilization of multi-purpose reservoirs is one of the complex and sometimes non-linear issues in multi-objective optimization. One of the appropriate decision-making ways for optimal utilization of the water resources was the modeling of optimization problems of utilization from dam reservoir by using of different mathematical methods.
In this study was evaluated, the current status of utilization and providing of optimum utilization and appropriate policy for the dam reservoir. For this purpose was used linear programming model and optimization of utilization of intended reservoir dam model. Evaporation simulation of the system were performed by using imput flow.
The results showed that the existing policy of reservoir utilization, only in the raining pick months is capable of demand meeting, while low-water months are critical use-months. Also, the value of reservoir saving by using of linear programming model at SQ method estimated in about 23% more than the existing reservoir utilization method.
In conclusion, the result showed that using of linear programming model can be effective in optimal utilization of reservoir dams. Which inturn helps to facilitate the development and implementation of water resources management strategies.

Understanding the changes in groundwater quality has an important role on the planning and sustainable management of water and soil resources in any region. In this study, trends of groundwater quality of mazandaran  plain using the information of the 24  piezometric wells were analyzed during 1994– 2011. For this purpose, the non – parametric Mann – Kendall and Spearman method were used. Before conducting the MK test, the effect of significant lag – 1 serial correlation was removed from the data set. Hydro - geochemical variables that analyzed were the total Anions, total Cations, pH, EC,TDS, SAR,  which were measured once  in a year, wet and dry periods. The magnitudes of trends were computed using the Sen’s estimator method.  The results showed that the line slope of the density changes of groundwater qualitative variables was downward in 43 percent of variables and upward in 57 percent of them. The results of our tests showed that Kendall and Spearman were positive trend related to variable EC (the equivalent of 56/3 = Z) and Mtghyrkl dissolved solids (TDS) with statistic Z (7.14), respectively. The results were also indicative of the increase in chemical density and the decrease in quality of the well water in Mazandaran plain at all piezometric stations.

Today, due to population growth, supply of drinking water and energy is one of the most important issues in managing water resources. Environmental protection and limitation of fossil resources have caused human attention to be focused on alternative and clean sources, such as hydroelectric power stations are concerned. Therefore, in this study, the evaluation hydro potential of the Sarab Talkh Reservoir Dam in Lorestan province with the aim of supplying part of drinking water and industrial industry in Khorramabad, which is 55 and 5 million cubic meters per year, using the WIP model in a statistical period of 45-Year-old (1965-2010) were investigated. First, Man-Kendall nonparametric test method was used to study the data process. Then, to simulate the hydroelectric potential of the Sarab bakh reservoir, 6 dead level, 6 normal level and 3 different function factors were selected. The results of the trend analysis showed that the discharge rate did not follow a particular trend and was random. Also, the results of Simulation of hydroelectric potential of Sarab balkh dam, with the aim of providing drinking water and industry and economic analysis of operating costs, showed that normal level in comparison with dead level have had a greater impact on energy production and dead level 1424 and normal level 1449 meters of sea level were selected as the optimal number

Regarding the importance of CoPS in providing the organization with technological capability and the differences existing between these systems and mass products, it is essential to develop a model to collaborate on CoPS R&D. Exploitation of the capabilities of the network of collaborators is a desirable option due to inability of the organization in providing the resources comprising finance, human, facilities and expertise. Reviewing the literature on CoPS and technological collaboration incorporating the kind and motivations of collaborators and organizational forms of collaboration and interviewing 18 experts of the organization, a model was developed based on TRL approach and fuzzy cognitive mapping tool. Considering the model developed, the steps of project is classified into 3 categories: Green(able to be collaborated in network), Yellow (able to be collaborated on condition) and red (unable to be collaborated). The role of the members of the network and the strategy of collaborating with them is specified as follows: R&D contract with universities and consulting agents, Educational acquisition with faculty members, outsourcing the projects intended as military service compensation, and R&D contract or research funding with knowledge-based institutions. On the other hand, the position of technology developing and designing centers is specified employing the national innovation system as an upper hand document. Validity of model is proven by checklist of good theories.

Carwash is an industry that consumes large amounts of water and its wastewater contains a variety of pollutants. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of the Peroxone process as a method for wastewater treatment of carwashes.

This study was conducted at laboratory scale. A total of 54 samples were collected from a carwash in Yazd city and COD and anionic surfactants removal percentages were respectively determined by using the standard vial and anionic surfactants method and Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS). The process was conducted with an ozone dose of 0.7 mg per min, H2O2 concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 mmol per liter, reaction times of 30, 60 and 90 min and pH of 7, 9 and 11 in a cylindrical reactor respectively. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and through SPSS 18.

The removal efficiencies of COD and anionic surfactants increased with increasing pH and reaction time; so that, at pH =11 and after a reaction time of 90 minutes for an ozone dose of 0.7 mg/min and H2O2 concentration of 40 mmol/l, removal efficiency of COD and anionic surfactants were respectively 74.77% and 74.27%.

The peroxone process has a good ability for removal of COD and anionic surfactants. Similar studies confirm the findings of this study. Meanwhile, pretreatment methods are recommended for further evaluation of this process.

Network of collaborators is the most important approach of organizations in CoPS R&D projects conduction as completing such projects requires specific resources and is beyond the capabilities of a single organization. Obviously the capabilities of the network of collaborators have a significant role in mentioned collaboration. So in this paper fundamental indicator of those capabilities were firstly specified by literature review. Secondly final indicators were selected using survey of experts of a CoPS producing company. Thirdly these indicators were classified in components by expert survey and using SEM in LISREL software. These components encompass collaborators competency (incorporating knowledge and skillfulness, keeping up to date, complying to standards and financial ability), task performance capability (incorporating project quality, time and responsibility during and after project completion) and adaptability (incorporating accordance to values, time and flexibility in deliverables). The results of hypothesis tests illustrate that competency has a significant and positive impact on task performance and the latter has a similar impact on adaptability but there is no direct and significant correlation between competency and adaptability while there exists an indirect one.

Regarding the cooperation with superior extra organizational resource suppliers required to the development of CoPS, the strategic outsourcing of the CoPS R&D projects is among the solutions to acquire the resources related to the equipment, knowledge, human resource, and finance. Following the literature review and the explorative interviews, in the present paper, using a Fuzzy Delphi method a survey of 35 experts was conducted in Iranian Organization of Aviation Industries. By studying this case, 21 related indices were derived. Given the reciprocal cause and effect among the indices, the DEMATEL technique was employed to demonstrate these relations. The results of the relations were used to prioritize the indices by ANP . The final prioritization urges that the indices “cost reduction”, “the organization competence in preserving the results and the IPR of the projects”, and “the flexibility of the organization for outsourcing” are of the greatest importance respectively

Among the most important unrealistic assumptions of EOQ model is the perfect quality of items received in stock. Trying to overcome this constraint and making the mentioned model get closer to real circumstances, this paper considers destructive inspections and the existence of imperfect and rejected items after reworking. EOQ is determined under three following conditions: 1- rejecting the imperfect and reworkable items after the inspection 2-keeping the aforementioned items until the end of the inspection period, and 3- keeping these items until the end of the cycle. Results show that using the traditional model instead of the modified new model will lead to increased costs. In other words, with an increase in total proportions of imperfect and reworkable items, EOQ and the total cost per unit of time will increase. A numerical example is solved to evaluate the results.

Geohydrology issues ranging from the water table is very important . Therefore, research is necessary to estimate the missing data .In this study nourabad plain the 11 wells was observed that all the annual statistics of the statistical interpolation method ( Krigng and co ) places no statistics are calculated. This study aims to predict the groundwater level fluctuations , using intelligent Bayesian networks and artificial neural networks has been modeled .For this purpose, the latitude and longitude on a monthly time scale as the input and output parameters were selected as the groundwater level fluctuations .Criteria of correlation coefficient , root mean square error and coefficient of Nash suttclif and performance models were used to assess. The results showed that the neural network model has a correlation coefficient ( 0.880 ) , root mean square error ( 0.024m) and the standard Nash suttclif ( 0.900 ) in step verification succeeded with considerable accuracy to estimate water level fluctuations would .