فهرست مطالب حسن تیموری

Serendipita indica transfers several benefits to hosts including enhancing plant growth and tolerance to abiotic stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different Serendipita indica inoculants on some morphophysiological, biochemical, and yield traits of tomato under drought stress. This experiment was conducted as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in Malayer greenhouse complex. The experimental factors included two drought stress levels (F.C. and 50% F.C.) and four fungal inoculants (P0: uninoculated; P1: spore suspension; P2: mycelium suspension; P3: foliar application of culture filtrate). The results showed that drought stress significantly decreases fruit weight, RWC, chlorophyll, total soluble carbohydrate, proline, K and P; whereas inoculation with different fungus inoculants especially mycelium suspension filtrate enhanced traits such as RWC (5.5%), Chlorophyll (2.6 times), carotenoid (17%), phosphorous (47%), and fruit weight (48%) and mitigate the adverse effect of drought stress. Drought stress with increasing electrolyte leakage causes membrane instability, but inoculation with S. indica decreased lipid peroxidation. Among the inoculums, mycelium suspension filtrate had the best results. The results indicated the positive effect of different inoculums of S. indica on yield and physiological traits of tomato. The use of mycelium as a liquid plant-stimulating biofertilizer offers novel opportunities for the employment of S. indica in sustainable agriculture.

Seed germination is one of the first important and complex stages in the plant life cycle and is affected by many hereditary and environmental factors. Various factors affect germination and seedling establishment. Among these factors are the characteristics of the maternal plant (nutrition, genetics), seed treatment stage at harvest time, as well as environmental factors (temperature, water potential, and ventilation and soil compaction). Also, under the influence of seed loss during storage, seed vigor, which is known as the first component of seed quality, decrease. The aim of this study was investigation of germination and biochemichal responses of the aged seed of Fenugreek to different temperature and humidity ranges. This experiment was conducted as a factorial based on a completely randomized design with four replications in the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Yasouj University in 2016. The experimental treatments consisted of nine levels of temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 degrees Celsius), water potential included seven levels (zero (control), -0.2, -0.4, -0.6, -0.8, -1 and -1.2 MPa) and seed aging at two levels (no aged (control) and aged seed). In this experiment, the effect of seed aging, water potential and their interactions on each environment on germination indices (germination percentage and germination rate, length and weight vigor index) and biochemical indices (soluble sugar, proline, soluble protein and catalase enzymes) of Fenugreek seeds were significant. The results showed that in the aged seed the germination percentage and rate and seedling vigor index tended to decrease with water potential reduce in temperature lower and higher than 20 degrees Celsius, and the amount of biochemical components of the seed (soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline, and catalase enzyme) also increase. In general, germination and biochemical indices of seed of Fenugreek are sensitive to water potentials, aging, and seed germination temperatures, respectively. In terms of osmotic potential decrese, the germination temperature of less than 20 ° C resulted in increased germination resistance of fenugreek seed to a more negative water potential.   Highlights: Study of germination and biochemical properties of fenugreek seed aged under different level of osmotic potantials and temperatures. In areas with a lower osmotic potential it is better to cultivate Fenugreek seed at temperatures below 20 °C.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a periodical experience of specific physical and psychological symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstruation cycle and will disappear within a few days of the onset of menstruation. These symptoms are severe and very disabling in some women and interfere with their career, social function and family relations. In this study we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PMS and some of its related factors.
This descriptive-analytic study was performed on a group of female students from Razi University. Samples were selected using the probability cluster sampling method. PMS and demographic questionnaire were used. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square tests and descriptive method by SPSS 19 software.
Seventy percent of samples suffered from PMS; 16% suffered from severe type, 46% average type and 36% mild type (p>0.05). PMS did not have any significant relation with menstrual cycle, menstruation days, menarche, marital status, economic status, and parents’ education status; however it had significant relation with BMI and history of PMS in the family. The more prevalent symptoms were respectively physical symptoms, depression and anxiety.
PMS affects more than 70% of reproductive aged women and probably this disorder is more prevalent in women with high BMI and history of PMS in family.

Although infertility is categorized as a physiological disorder at the first level, its experience has a huge psychological and social aspect. The present study aims at determining the effectiveness of Schema therapy on reducing anxiety and depression in infertile women of arak city.
The study was experimental with pre and post- test control group. The study population included all infertile women, who referred to Infertility specialist in Arak city in 2016. A total of 30 cases were selected for sampling and were then randomly assigned into two experiment and control groups (n = 15 for each group). The experimental group received 35 sessions on Schema therapy. To gather data, Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory was used. Data were analyzed with covariance.
The difference between mean anxiety and depression was significant after controlling of the pretest variables in the two groups. The mean anxiety and depression score of the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group in the post-test (P=0. 001).
Hence, programming for cognitive and emotional interventions is assumed necessary in clinical interventions for infertility and due to the effect of Schema therapy in reducing depression and anxiety in infertile women, we can benefit from this method as a complementary therapy besides medical treatments with good application.

The incidence of atelectasis after coronary artery bypass graft surgery is highly recommended due to the impact of different levels of PEEP to prevent these complications. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of PEEP after coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
This study was performed by clinical trial. The sample size in this study was 90 patients. Non-probability sampling was conducted in consecutive patients that using a stratified block randomized to intervention and control groups (each group n = 45). In the control group of patients after surgery, upon arrival in the intensive care unit until tracheal extubation rates PEEP of 5 cm H2O received Patients in the intervention group after entering the intensive care unit for 4 hours average PEEP of 10 cm H2O received. Six hours after tracheal extubation atelectasis of the final diagnosis of chest radiographs, oxygen saturation and body temperature were used. For statistical analysis, chi-square test and t-test used.
The incidence of atelectasis in the intervention group, in 7 patients were about (15.6%) in the control group, and in 16 patients were about (35.6%) which was statistically significant difference (P= 0.03). The mean arterial oxygen saturation was more higher in the intervention group rather than the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.025).
This study shows that the use of PEEP levels of 10 cm H2O after coronary artery bypass graft surgery can reduce the incidence of postoperative atelectasis. So, it is recommended to use this method in order to reduce the incidence of atelectasis.

physical activities play an important role in increasing heart and blood vessels performance. The aim in this is determining the influence of 10 weeks aerobic exercise and 6 weeks non exercise on relaxation blood pressure of healthy non athletic girl students.
In this semi experimental study 27 non athletic female students with 22/30± 1/70 were selected voluntary and attended the 10 weeks program, three sessions with 55 to 80% extra systole.
After 10 weeks aerobic exercise, volunteers spent 6 weeks without exercise. Before starting the aerobic term, after non exercise term, after exercise term and also after non exercise term, relaxation blood pressure of the volunteers were measured by mercury Richter pizometer.
The results showed that there is a meaningful difference between volunteers relaxation systolic blood pressure in pre and post test and also in post test 1 and 2, but there is not any meaningful difference between volunteers relaxation systolic blood pressure in these tests.
10 week aerobic and immediately 6 week without exercise can be effective in relaxation blood pressure.

Anxiety is the most common physiological and psychological response to pain in burn patients, which can affect their physical and mental performance. This study aimed to determine the association between pain and anxiety of death in burn patients was performed.
This cross-sectional study in the burn ward of Imam Khomeini University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah. 103 patients in burn units for women and men were randomly selected and examined. The data from questionnaires blesky (1999) the level of death anxiety and anxiety in burn patients and a numerical rating scale were used to measure pain. The data collected by statistical software SPSS 18, Spearman correlation coefficient test and regression test at 5% level were analyzed.
According to the study, the severity of acute pain and the anxiety of death in the first and second weeks there is a significant relationship, There is also the third and fourth week. The results predict death anxiety by pain, the model can explain 54/6 percent of the variance in pain intensity was a significant predictor for death anxiety.
The results of this study can be concluded that the treatment and care of burn patients Drdhad control should emphasize the anxiety of death in these patients.

This study is designed to analyze the trend and pattern of the urban growth in Karaj City applying the landscape ecology approach. Accordingly، monitoring changes in land use/ land cover (LULC)، synoptic analysis is conducted. Change detection is conducted applying three TM satellite images taken in 1989، 2001 and 2013 and the post classification comparison method. For implementing synoptic analysis، some composition and configuration-based metrics including Number of Patches، Percentage of Landscape، Largest Patch Index، Landscape Shape Index، Patch Density، Edge Density، Contagion and Shannon’s Diversity were then calculated at two class and landscape levels and their changes were detected. The results indicated that man-made areas increased by 63. 91 % and this degraded 2413 hectares of agriculture land and 658 hectares of green cover during the past 24 years. The results of the synoptic analysis indicated that the landscape has become more fragmented، more complex and irregular in shape، more disconnected in continuity of patches and less diversified in terms of land use/ land cover types at the end of the 1989- 2013 period. In addition، the results revealed that sprawl of the man-made areas has caused an increase in fragmentation، irregularity and complexity of agriculture patches and decrease in total area of agriculture class

Blood is a resusciate source of life which there is no replacement for it. Limited time of preserving, screening tests of blood health, group determining, and cross-matching, that necessitate personal and laboratory costs, increase the importance of correct request and suitable consumption. This study was conducted to determine the frequency of blood transfusion and its components and calculate the ratio of C/T. This descriptive-analytic study included 648 patients for whom blood and blood components were requested during the study. The data regarding the variables were recorded in a checklist and then were analyzed using the SPSS software. The results showed that during the study 7746 patients were hospitalized and blood or blood components were requested for 648 (8%) of them. Out of these patients, 265 (40.9%) received transfusions of blood or its components. Packed cell was the most frequently transfused component (71.3%). The mean HB (hemoglobin) in the patients before transfusion was 9.49 gr/dl. Chronic anemia was the most prevalent indication of transfusion, and femoral fracture surgery was the most frequent operation needing blood transfusion. The C/T ratio was found to be 1.1. In this study, 59.1 % of the requested units were not used. Realizing requests based on scientific needs, and costs of production, preserving, separating components, transporting them to hospitals, and cross-matching including laboratory needs and manpower are recommended.

Opiod dependency has serious socioeconomic disadvantages in addition to physical damage. Various methods are used to increase abstinenece rate of opiod dependency, among which UROD under general anesthesia is the new one which leads to reduce withdrawal syndrome and symptoms. This cross-sectional study was done to evalute opiod abstinence rate by UROD on 121 patients referred to Khorramabad Shohada Ashayer hospital in 2005. After interview and obtaining written informed consents, all patients underwent general anaesthesia for 5 hours with 0-25 to 0.5 mg/kg IV Naloxane. Then all patients followed at 4-6 months after UROD for relapse of addiction by self report and three coincidental tests of addiction. Data was analyzed by SPSS software version 9.1. The results showed that opiod abstinence rate at a 4-6 month follow up among 104 eases out of 121 addicts undergone UROD was 86.5%. Abstinence rate had no significant relationship with age, level of education, duration, way of use and kind of opiod, but it had a significant relation with employment status(p<0.001). It seams that UROD can reduce the withdrawal syndrome and symptoms, and prevents the relaps of addiction.

Painless delivery using IV sedation is a method in which the pain and anxiety delivery process will be reduced by IV injection of analgesic and sedative drugs to the mother. In this method the health of neonate is taken into account. Neonate’s health can be measured by Apgar score system. This research was carried out to study Apgar score of the minutes 5 and 10 in neonates borne by painless natural delivery and Cesarean C. In this clinical trials study, 60 pregnant women referred to Bakhtar hospital for natural delivery and Cesarean were selected using census method including 30 painless deliveries and 30 women underwent Cesarean section. A questionnaire was filled out for each of them and those who had not any problem, were used as study group. Painless delivery through IV injection of Ketamine and Midazolam and Cesarean section through general anesthesia were done, and Apgar score in the minutes 5 and 10 in both groups were measured. No significant difference in term of parity and age was observed in the both groups. 90% of the painless group neonates in minute 5, and all of the neonates in the minute 10 had Apgar scores of 9 and 10. In Cesarean group, 20% of the neonates in minute 5, and 10% of the neonates in minute 10, had Apgar scores of 7 and 8. Mann – Whitney test showed no significant statistical difference between Apgar scores in the minutes 5 and 10 in both groups. All the neonates had Apgar score of 7 to 10. The average interval time between the two groups, was significantly different. Time interval was much more in painless delivery (11.83 minutes versus 5.5 minutes). Neonates of the painless delivery group, in comparison with Cesarean group, didn’t have low Apgar score despite the usage of analgesic and sedative drugs as well as passing of fetus from birth canal. Therefore, painless delivery with IV sedation is a safe delivery.

Succinylcholine is the most anesthetic drug used to muscle relaxation in emergency endotracheal intubation. Unfortunately it can have serious side effects. The perpose of our study was to comparison of Atracurium + Alfentanyl with succycholine. In this clinical trial study, one hundred patient randomly designated two group succinylcholine (control group) & Atracurium + Alfentanyl (experimental) after injecting of thiopental as a Alternative Method for R.S.I we can assess the difference between this two groups, with regarding to condition of intubations such as jaw relaxation, vocal cord movement and bucking. Results showed that 38% of patient had mild bucking in Atr + Alf group but all patients in succylin group were not seen (p<0.0001). Vocal cord movements was seen in expelinental group but there wasn’t in control group. According to results, use of Atra + Alfen method can replace the standard method (succinylcholine) for contraindicated condition. Mild vocal cord movement and mild bucking in the Atracurium + Alfentanyl can be control by that a increase in Atracurium dose.

It has not been yet developed a ost suitable method to treat right ventricular failure due to pulmonar artery hypertention resulted from ventricular arrhythia. Though some case reports about patients ready to heart transplant using left assist device or biventral assist device as bridge have been published in Journals, but nocase concerning application of centrifugal pump for treatment of right ventricular failure has been reported. Case report: The patient was a 51- year-old woman from rural region of Kurdistan with sever mitral stenosis and left arterial clot and sever pulmonary hypertension who underwent mitral valve replacement and removing of clot. The patient developed right ventricular failure due to sever pulmonary hypertension (110 mmHg) when was waned from cardiopulmonary bypass therefore CPB was resumed to be followed by intra aortic bollon pumping howevwr complete response was not be obtained due to repeated ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation thus right ventricular support was performed using a centrifugal pump and the patient could be weaned from CPB, 2 day after surgery. The right ventricular support was discontinued and IABP was removed 7 day after surgery without marked changes in homodyamics. Although right ventricular failure due to sever pulmonary hyperlension is an ominous complication after open heart surgery but simultanrous use of ballon pumping and bio pumping for right ventricular failure in our patient caused her recovery.

As endotracheal intubation is the first action which must be done for serious and very ill patients, so any procrastination leads to dangerous consequences including aspiration and finally death. Routine method for endotracheal intubation is injection of intravascular diazepam- Pethidine and sometimes muscle relaxants, but these drugs in Patients with GCS under 7 cause more decrease in level of consciousness. In this clinical trial 60 patients who needed to intubation were divided into two groups of 30 patients randomly. The two groups were matched from view point of age, sex and weight. In the experimental group before endotracheal intubation, bilateral supralaryngeal and transtracheal nerves were blocked by lidocain 2%. In the control group, petidine – diazepam and lidocaine were administrated intravenously before intubation. Then the two groups were compared from view point of complications of intubation such as jaw resistance, vocal cord movement and bucking. Statistical test showed that Jaw resistance, vocal cord movement and bucking in the experimental group were lower than control group. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). According to the results, use of nerve block for intubation in Patients with GCS under 7 is suggested.