فهرست مطالب حسن رضائی

Urban war requires a special weapon due to its specific characteristics and is conducted in a very complex and multidimensional environment. The purpose of this research is to identify effective spatial components in urban warfare based on structural equation modeling with mixed methods. The statistical population of this research includes all experienced commanders and professors of Imam Ali Officer University (AS) and the sampling method is targeted in the quantitative and qualitative part. Structural equations with Smart PLS software have been used for data analysis. In this research, the effective components in urban warfare have been identified and the influencing variables in each component have been determined, and categorized with the opinion of experts, and finally, suggestions have been made for their improvement. The results indicate that the effective components in urban warfare are: the operation scene, the use of weapons, command and control, defense plans, maneuvers and operation plans, operation guidance, information. In other words, paying attention to the investigated indicators can have a significant impact on urban warfare at the 95% confidence level.

Leachate of the urban waste landfill is one of the most contaminated wastewaters that can pollute surface and groundwater sources, especially the environment. The production trend of urban wastewater is also increasing with a sharp rise in population and the development of urbanization. To address this environmental issue, the present study aimed to consider the simultaneous treatment of mixed landfill leachate and urban wastewater using the electrochemical coagulation process.

The present laboratory study was carried out on the effluent produced from the landfill and urban wastewater produced in Qaemshahr. In this study, effective parameters in the electrochemical coagulation process, including the type of electrodes (iron and aluminum), electrode arrangement (monopolar series-parallel and bipolar series), current intensity (0.5, 1, and 2 amperes), and the initial pH of the wastewater (3.2, 6.1, and 11.4) were investigated for the reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in wastewater containing a mixture of landfill leachate and urban wastewater (in equal proportions). After the appropriate electrode selection under default conditions (current intensity of 1 ampere, wastewater pH, and a duration of 120 min), the impacts of the current intensity and the initial pH of the wastewater on the COD removal rate in various electrode arrangements were assessed. Furthermore, the results were reported after three repetitions for validation purposes.

Under optimal conditions, the iron electrode in a monopolar series arrangement with a current intensity of 2 amperes under the wastewater pH and a duration of 120 min resulted in a 57.8% COD removal.

Regarding the acceptable performance of the electrochemical coagulation process, it is possible to utilize its potential to treat municipal wastewater and landfill leachate.

Recent research has shown that the built environment affects human mental health. This research has often been done in the fields of psychology and has been less studied in the field of architecture as the main link field of space design. Since humans spend most of their time indoors, especially in the interior space, its impact on human health cannot be ignored. One of the parameters of mental health is emotion. Many components have been influential on human emotions, among which the architectural space has had the greatest impact. Therefore, the focus of the research is also on it. Also, the emotion component can be measured with the new paradigm of neuro-architecture.

To measure the interior space, the apartment type has been considered due to its greater prevalence in the city and the 40 years (after the Islamic revolution), and selected samples of 96 apartments that were the winner of the Architecture Prize(due to their spatial quality) have been selected. After gathering samples, they were grouped into four categories and modeling was done based on them. The display of four architectural spaces is done by VR glasses. The questions are as follows:  How does the physical residential interior affect human emotions and brain activities? And how do these emotions appear? To answer these questions, we used the correlation research method, and to record the dependent variables, an EEG device with 19 active channels and an elastic cap was used. For EEG data analysis, the EGLAB toolbox was used, the inferential statistical method of the Wilcoxon test was used to review the data significance among each group, and the Kruskal-Wallis H method was used to check the data of all groups. The statistical population of the research was 24 people with an average age of 28 years, 10 males and 14 females.

Based on the data analysis, in the Spac1 experiment, the most activity occurred in the Prefrontal cortex (PFC). In Space 3, the most activity took place in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). (ACC) Theta band modulations are about 52% and in the alpha band, 71% of changes were recorded in about 5 minutes. The number of changes in the theta band was 4 and the alpha band was 8 Hz. In Space 2, the most activity was recorded in the temporal lobe, and Space 4 in the parietal lobe. In the figure below, the brain map shows the average changes in each space.

The results of the present research showed that the architectural interior space with dominant curved forms such as arches, and brick materials and its pure color had the greatest impact on emotion and pleasant excitement. In the long term, this issue can create peace and achieve mental health. In addition, since the issue of esthetics has always been of interest to architects, the results of this research have shown that the interior space with wood materials and even rectangular forms is experienced from the user's perspective as beautiful.

Industrial development and human activities intensify the propagation of various contaminants in the environment. Heavy metals from various sources, such as industrial and agricultural activities, cause serious environmental hazards for the ecosystem. Environmental dusts are sometimes manmade, due to the activity of industries and human units, known as industrial dusts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of industrial dust emitted from the Bauxite crasher located in the upstream of Jajarm Alumina Factory on the level of soil pollution. The study is focused on two heavy metals: Arsenic (As) and Nickel (Ni).

In this research, with regard to the wind roses of the area, first the direction of the dominant and erosive winds was determined. Then, two transects were considered: a transect in the direction of erosive wind (transect A) with 3 km length, and a transect in the direction of the dominant wind (transect B) with 5 km length. Samples from the soil surface (at a depth of 0-2 cm) were taken on these transects at regular intervals from the source of dust, i.e. Bauxite crusher. In total, 46 soil samples were collected. The concentration of Arsenic and Nickel in the soil samples was determined by the method of Inductively Coupled Plasma - Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), after acid digestion by chemical means in the laboratory. Finally, the indicators of land accumulation, pollution, comprehensive pollution and enrichment were used to determine the contamination level. Significance of increase in Arsenic and Nickel concentrations, as well as the other contamination coefficients were analyzed in SPSS software using ANOVA and T-test.

The Earth's accumulation index in the direction of erosive wind for Arsenic, at a distance of 200 to 250 m from the source, showed a medium to severe contamination. For nickel, from the source of dust production to 350 m distance, the area was identified unpolluted to medium contaminated. For Arsenic, in the dominant wind direction at a distance of 150 m and 250 to 450 m, moderate to severe pollution was determined. For Nickel, up to 900 m from the source of dusts, the area was identified unpolluted to medium contaminated.For Arsenic and Nickel, The pollution index in the direction of erosive wind up to 450 meters from the source of dust production shows a high to medium pollution level. And show medium and low to end transect, for Arsenic and Nickel. By this indicator, the high pollution levels in the dominant wind direction were determined for Arsenic up to 1200 m from the source of dusts, and medium pollution levels of the index of pollution was determined for Nickel, from the source of dust production up to 500 m far apart. And show medium and low to end transect, for Arsenic and Nickel. Comprehensive index of pollution in the case of erosive and prevailing winds for Arsenic and Nickel showed high and medium pollution levels, respectively. Enrichment factor in the direction of erosive wind indicated medium concentration of Arsenic at 350 and 400 m from Bauxite crusher, and a low enrichment for Nickel at all points. In the dominant wind direction, a medium enrichment factor for Arsenic was observed up to 250 m from bauxite crusher, while the level of Nickel enrichment at all locations was low. Finally, the statistical analysis justified the significance of the measured concentrations of Arsenic and Nickel, as well as the other coefficients of pollution level in the direction of prevailing and erosive winds.

Understanding the climatic potentials of the regions is very important for the diversity and talent of agricultural products. Barberry, one of the products of Iran, suffers from climate change and anomalies. In the present study, the phonological stages of barberry tree without any basis of field observations in Ghaen synoptic meteorological station were determined. To measure the accumulation of cooling needs based on the cold clock model and the Utah unit, the statistics of 18 valid meteorological stations from 1987 to 2017 on an hourly and daily time scale were used. The results showed that barberry needs six phonological stages to complete the growth period from early April to late November. The highest temperature requirement occurs in the ripening stage until fruit development. The cooling requirement of barberry tree in different stations varies from 1050 to 1960 hours depending on climatic conditions. Field observations showed that seedless barberry does not take on a full and commercial color if it does not meet the need for sufficient cooling. The study area was zoned according to the models of the cold clock and the Utah unit, based on which Ghaen and Zahedan stations have the highest cooling needs. Based on the validation indices of different models estimating the need for cooling, the root mean square criterion was used and the results show that the cold hour (CH) model has a higher performance due to the fact that the root mean square (RMSE) is less than the other model.

The role of privacy and its place in the social structure is one of the characteristics of Iranian house architecture, which can attract the attention of researchers and designers by knowing what happened during historical periods. The purpose of this article is to explain the place of privacy in the spatial configuration of Dezful houses in the Pahlavi period and it tries to answer the question: what is the place of privacy in the micro-spaces of Pahlavi houses in Dezful? And it is based on the assumption that privacy has been considered in these micro-spaces. The present research was conducted using a combined method, based on quantitative data extracted from A-Graph software and their analysis using logical reasoning method. 10 houses from among the houses of Dezful in the Pahlavi period were selected as Study samples and in a purposeful way according to the originality of the samples, and three indicators of space syntax, including "mean depth, relative asymmetry, and integration" were investigated in these houses. The results of this research indicate that the micro-spaces related to Dezful houses in the Pahlavi period can be classified into three levels of micro-spaces with "high, medium and low" privacy and the juxtaposition of these three levels has created a spatial hierarchy in the configuration of Pahlavi period houses in Dezful.

Due to the pollution from the copper smelter factory in Shahrebabak County, the dust on the plants of this area contains substantial amounts of copper, which sometimes causes copper poisoning in sheep. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of serum concentration of trace mineral elements: copper, molybdenum, and iron with the lambing rate of ewes in Shahrebabak County using laparoscopic artificial insemination. For this purpose, 500 ewes were oestrus synchronized in herds in Shahrebabak County located at various distances from the copper factory. The laparoscopic artificial insemination was performed 52±4 hours after eCG hormone injection but before the laparoscopy, serum sampling was done from 17% of the herd to assess the concentration of trace mineral elements: copper, molybdenum, and iron as well as estrogen. The results showed that the Khatoon-Abad herd with the shortest distance to the copper factory (10 km) had significantly higher levels of copper, molybdenum, and iron compared with other herds. However, there was no relationship between the concentration of copper, molybdenum, and estrogen with the lambing rate. There was a relationship between the amount of iron and the lambing rate, so the chance of fertility increased marginally with the increase in iron. Hence, the present findings indicate that the low distance of the herd from the copper factory results in high levels of copper, molybdenum, and iron in the ewe's serum; however, it has no effect on the lambing rate by laparoscopic artificial insemination. More research is needed to prove this claim.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of climatic parameters on the change in the concentration of particulate matter less than 10 micrometers in Zabol and its relationship with the health of law enforcement. For this research, data Climatic parameters and PM10 concentration of Zabol meteorological station were used during a period of 10 years (2009-2019). After that, the air quality index was reviewed seasonally and monthly, Pearson coefficient was used to study climatic parameters on changes in the concentration of suspended particles less than 10 μm. As the results showed that the significant level obtained between PM10 concentration and average relative humidity (-0.221), total annual rainfall (-0.45), average annual temperature (0.596), maximum wind speed (0.592) and with the number of days with dust and the number of visibility days less than 2 km for Zabol station is 0.801 and 0.769, respectively. he concentration of suspended particles less than 10 μm. The study of air quality index showed that July and August have the highest and January have the lowest air pollution. Due to the increase in PM10 concentration in July, the necessary training to reduce the impact of air pollution (distance) Smoking, proper use of respirators, consumption of fruits and vegetables, exercise and sleep) for law enforcement forces based in Sistan. Commanders should take necessary measures in the correct use of shift work, periodic division of people in contaminated areas and reduction of working time

The aim of the current study is the effect of climate change on the location of barberry cultivation in Iran due to climate change. In order to investigate the effects of climate change on the phenology stages of barberry cultivation areas, the simulated data of the output of the hadGEM2-ES coupled model has been used. According to the integrated AHP method, suitable or relatively suitable areas for barberry cultivation in the country are 35685810 hectares, of which 9791140 hectares (6.01%) are suitable areas and 258946670 hectares (15.92%) are relatively suitable areas. Average and unsuitable areas for barberry cultivation are 27.7 and 50.2 percent of the total area of the country, respectively. According to the RCP4.5 scenarios, in the statistical period of 2059-2030, the location of the susceptible points for barberry cultivation was done, and 20.3% were suitable areas, 13.5% were relatively suitable areas, and 66.44% were medium areas for barberry cultivation. According to the RCP8.5 scenarios, in the near future, 20.2% of suitable areas, 11.1% of relatively suitable areas, and 68.7% of medium areas of barberry cultivation were found. According to the RCP8.5 scenarios, in the statistical period of 2089-2060, it was found that 22.63% were suitable areas, 20.7% were relatively suitable areas, and 56.6% were medium areas for barberry cultivation. Based on the RCP4.5 scenarios, in the statistical period of 2089-2060, it was determined that 14 and 58% of barberry cultivation was done except suitable, relatively suitable and medium areas, respectively.

What is identified in the attitude toward the house is the visual and perceptual structure that is formed for the audience. Intending to evaluate the level of visual clarity in Dezful houses during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods, this article tries to analyze the course of its developments and answers the question of What was the evolution of visual clarity in Dezful houses during the Qajar and Pahlavi periods? The present research was conducted using a combined method, based on the quantitative data obtained from the Depthmap software and the analysis of these data using the method of logical reasoning. The case samples included 20 houses, which were selected purposefully, considering the lack of physical interventions, from among the houses of Dezful in the Qajar and Pahlavi periods. The results of the research show that the houses of the Pahlavi period have a higher level of Connectivity compared to the Qajar period. Also, in the Qajar period, houses with one yard are more integrated than houses with two and three yards, and according to this, the houses of the Pahlavi period are considered more integrated than the houses of the Qajar period. The results of the research on visual clarity indicate that this criterion has a lower level in the Qajar period than in the Pahlavi period Therefore, by passing from the Qajar period to the Pahlavi period, the amount of Intelligibility in the houses has increased, and it has made the houses of the Pahlavi period more legible and more visually clear than the Qajar houses.

Lack of attention to the hidden patterns and valuable social relations that flow in the houses has led to a kind of disconnection in the architecture of the Iranian house, which can be considered as a necessity and in this context, mere attention to the physical points is not enough to achieve the goal. The present study also deals with the Qajar period in which the historical continuity of the meaning of the house has been preserved and with the aim of explaining the biological pattern of Qajar period houses in Dezful based on the theory of space syntax to answer the question: What pattern does the spatial configuration of houses in the Qajar period represent?

The data collection of case samples, based on field observations and with reference to reliable sources and maps, and the extraction of software data was done by A-Graph software. The statistical population includes all houses of Qajar period in Dezful and the sample size includes 10 houses Which has been determined by purposive sampling method. These houses are divided into five groups according to the number and location of the yard and the effect of spatial syntax indicators including " Connectivity, Integration, Depth and Relative Asymmetry " on social structure indicators including "interactions and privacy" has been studied. The method used in the present study is a combined method in a descriptive-analytical manner based on logical reasoning.

The study of privacy indicates that the main yard has the lowest level of privacy compared to other spaces and in the second and third yards, the level of privacy is higher than the main yard and less than the surrounding spaces. The analysis about the access stairs to the upper floors, Shavadan stairs and basement stairs shows that The connection of the stairs of the upper floors has a linear relationship with the number of stairs to access the floors in such a way that with the increase of the connection, the number of access stairs to the higher floors also increases. Also, in the houses that have multiple rooms on the upper floors, more than one staircase is considered for the upper floors, at least one of them is located at the lowest depth, so that relatively independent access from other spaces of the house is possible.

The results of the research show that the hosting of guests in the studied houses is not limited to the hall and according to the type of interactions, guests are also hosted in the vestibule and porch spaces. The present research shows that in all the classifications, the courtyard and porch spaces have the highest level of permeability in the houses of the Qajar period of Dezful and have the highest interaction value. According to the study of the studied houses, the research hypothesis that there is a significant pattern in the spatial configuration of Dezful houses in the Qajar period was confirmed and the results obtained show that Although these houses are in different categories in terms of physical diversity.

Special spatial organization is required in a house to separate public and private spaces, considering the family as a system based on internal and external relations. Thus, space is organized and functions are placed to demonstrate the "Principle of Confidentiality." During the transition era, political, social, and economic changes resulted in significant alterations to the way of life and subsequent modifications to the spatial arrangement of buildings, including houses. The objective of this research is to examine how spatial organization changes during the transition era (late Qajar and first Pahlavi era) affected the level of privacy in houses located in Birjand city. The researchers are investigating how the spatial organization of Birjand houses changed during a certain transition period and how these changes affected the level of privacy in the households. They are seeking answers to this question through their research.

The research applies historical and descriptive-analytical methods, using a positivist approach. Data collection utilized documentary and field procedures. Hence, all houses registered under national authority are considered as part of the selected population era. The Qajar, Qajar-Pahlavi, and Pahlavi eras had 9, 8, and 8 houses respectively.

Research indicates that in the transition era, the average area of each house has decreased from 360 square meters to 223 square meters. Additionally, it has become more common to place the Mass on three or both sides of the space. The hierarchy of movement shows the removal of filters and intermediaries like porches and corridors. There have been several changes made to the space. These include a reduction in the amount of mass compared to the amount of space, rearrangements of the mass and space, alterations to the entrance and vestibule areas, updates to the filters and mediators in the courtyard, and changes to the function of the courtyard. There has been a shift in the movement hierarchy pattern from public spaces to rooms, indicating decreasing confidentiality.

The physical changes in the spatial organization of houses during the transition from the Qajar to the Pahlavi era in Birjand caused a decrease in privacy, as confirmed by the results. During the transition era, the architecture of Birjand houses experienced changes in various components and elements, including mass-space ratio, movement hierarchy, entrance, porch, courtyard, and filters. As a result, the long-standing tradition of privacy in Iranian architecture, which has lasted for thousands of years, has declined. Upon comparison with other studies, it is evident that Birjand city experienced fewer and more subdued changes compared to cities like Mashhad, Tehran, and Isfahan. This could be attributed to religious influences and the fact that Birjand was located far away from the cultural and lifestyle changes that occurred in other major cities during that time, including the provincial capital.

Architectural space has many effects on human mental and physical health. From a cognitive perspective, some effects are self-conscious and visible in behavior, while some are hidden and their understanding requires meticulous analysis. The range of effects is from positive to negative. Many studies have been conducted in the field of environmental psychology, but due to the use of traditional methods, they failed to provide an answer to explain how architectural space affects the brain. Today, with the emergence of the new trend of neuroscience, the way of this effect has been clarified.

The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the cognitive effects of architectural space on brain activities based on neuroscience and sought to clarify the different levels of short-term and long-term effects of architectural space on the brain.

The current research has achieved the purpose of the study through qualitative approach and a descriptive-analytical research method, using the review of existing sources and studies, and has specifically addressed the effects of architecture on cognition and brain activities. The study period was between January 1st. 2010 and December 22nd. 2020. The following databases were used: Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, Arts, and Humanities Citation Index, and Emerging Sources Citation Index.

The results of the research indicate that the architectural space can be categorized in three different levels in terms of the importance of the effects from simple to complex. At low level, architectural space affects metabolic settings, basic and immune responses; at middle level, it affects orientation and stress; and at high level, emotion, memory and attention are affected by architectural space.

It seems that the current research field is a step in the direction of clarifying the effects of architecture for the researchers of environmental psychological fields and opens a clear path to achieve a healthy space in this field.

The lower limit of critical temperature for a newborn calves is between 5 (from 3 weeks and later) to 15°C (up to 3 weeks). As the temperature declines below the calf's lower critical temperature, a calf requires more dietary energy supply to maintain body temperature. Hence, the main goal of this trial was to investigate milk replacer feeding level on nutrient intake, weight gain and skeletal growth in newborn Holstein calves under cold stress.

The number of twenty-four neonatal Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive either restricted (4 L/d; RPN) or moderated (6 L/d; MPN) milk replacer plane of nutrition. Calves were weaned on d 61 and remained in the study until d 91. Milk replacer intake, starter feed intake, and ambient temperature were measured daily. Body weight was measured immediately before initiation of study and every 10 d thereafter. The average daily gain (g of BW gain/d) was computed as the difference between BW recorded at 10-d intervals divided by 10. Body frame size was measured immediately before initiation of study, at weaning, and at the end of the trial.

Nutrient intake originating from milk replacer were greater in MPN fed calves before weaning (P < 0.001); however, nutrient intake originating from starter feed and also total nutrient intake (except for crude fat and ME) were not affected by treatment groups before and after weaning. Average daily gain was greater in MPN fed calves (P = 0.04). Body weight gain before and after weaning and over the study period was greater in MPN (P = 0.01). Withers height (at the end of trial), body barrel (at weaning and at the end of trial), hip height (before weaning and overall period), and hip width (after weaning and overall period) gained more in MPN fed calves (P ≤ 0.05).

Changing the feeding level of milk replacer did not affect starter feed intake before and after weaning but calves fed with medium level of milk replacer hand more weight and skeletal growth. In general, feeding a moderated level of milk replacer is recommended in newborn Holstein calves under cold stress conditions.

Currently, agriculture is one of the most important economic sectors of any country. One of the basic ways to develop and promote agricultural activities in any country is the optimal use of land, according to ecological conditions. Such a development requires to know the various factors that are involved in it. Therefore, researchers pay special attention to land use and based on ecological-agricultural models, identify, evaluate, and assess the ecological resources of land with appropriate methods for specific purposes. Weather is one of the basic environmental factors that control all aspects of life. Among the climate elements, temperature and precipitation play a decisive role. Temperature, as an indicator of the intensity of heat, is one of the basic elements of knowing the weather, and due to receiving the sun's energy from the earth, it undergoes many changes, which in turn causes extensive changes in other meteorological elements. Investigating the impact of weather factors on the performance of agricultural products is extremely important and the production efficiency of agricultural products is largely related to climatic conditions Climatic features in the long term have led to determining the cultivation pattern and justifying the distribution of different plant species. The present study was conducted to evaluate the trend of climatic parameters on the initiation of barberry tree germination in Iran

The research area, the areas prone to barberry tree cultivation in Iran amount to 1.356858 square kilometers, equivalent to 22.1%, and the eastern regions of the country include the provinces of South Khorasan (Qain, Birjand), Fars (Shiraz, and Abadeh), Hamadan, Markazi, Isfahan, Chaharmahal, Bakhtiari and Kerman are the best places to grow this crop. Also, some of the northwestern provinces of Iran, along with Zahedan and the southern provinces of Razavi and Western Khorasan provinces (Saqez, Sanandaj, Kermanshah, and Khorram Abad) are relatively suitable for barberry cultivation. In this research, using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method and the Slope Sense test, the trend of changes in the elements of sunshine hours, average humidity, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, the number of freezing days, and total rainfall in 19 stations of the country in 30 years. 1990-2020) was done on the growth of barberry and its output was drawn in the form of tables, graphs, and trend maps in the Arc GIS environment. The results showed that six main phenological stages occur in the BBCH scale in barberry trees. According to the location, the south of Razavi Khorasan and the center towards the northwest of the country are the best areas for barberry cultivation. The growth period according to climatic conditions and topography lasts from the beginning of April to the end of November.

To analyze the trend of climatic parameters in the barberry cultivation areas in Iran, the statistics of Mann-Kendall tests and age slope estimator were used, and the significance of these statistics was examined at the confidence level of 99% and 95%. Estimating the slope of the trend line with the age estimator showed that the slope of the trend line of the total hours of sunshine in the germination phenology stage has the most changes in the station of Yazd (0.33 hours) and Tabriz (0.1 hours). The trend analysis of the average relative humidity parameter showed that a significant decreasing trend can be seen at the 95% confidence level in the stations of Shahrekord, Khorramabad, Abadeh, Zanjan, Fasa, Birjand, and Torbat Heydarieh. In the stations of Qain, Arak, Zahedan, Yazd, Kerman, and Kermanshah, there is a significant decreasing trend in the confidence level of 99%. The number of changes in the average temperature during the germination period of the barberry tree was obtained based on the SEN's slope. Have had. The analysis of the trend of minimum temperature showed that all the stations except the cities of Shiraz, Saqqez, and Sanandaj have an increasing trend at a significant level of 5%, the rest of the studied stations have an increasing trend at a significant level of 1%. Estimating the slope of the trend line with the age estimator of the maximum temperature parameter showed that the slope of the maximum temperature trend line in the germination phenology stage, in Zahedan station (0.37°C) and Saqez (0.06°C), respectively, has the highest and The least changes. The analysis of the time series trend of the total rainfall showed that except for the stations of Tabriz, Khorram Abad, and Shahr Kurd, there is a significant decreasing trend at the level of 5%, and no special trend was observed in the rest of the stations. Examining the number of frost days by estimating the slope of the trend line with the age estimator showed that the slope of the trend line of the average number of frost days in the germination phenology stage has the most changes in Tabriz station (0.03 days per year). The results and achievements of this are important for raising awareness about the role and importance of climatic conditions in choosing species compatible with the climate of each region, as well as providing a model for correct management and risk of horticultural products.

Basically a diverse mix of natural resources can be used to create an attractive environment for tourism development and villages because of the characteristics and nature of your existence is directly dependent on the surrounding environment. So that changes in the spatial context of the passage of time takes shape and in geographical space and natural processes based on interaction between ecological and social factors create the political economy, the village features planned ecotourism in such an environment makes possible. This study aimed to investigate the effects of tourism on rural development was conducted from the perspective of residents.
Material and Library and field research method is analytical and data collection. Inventory host community to help vulnerable household's tourist village archive town Bayg was completed. Cronbach's alpha 0/71 indicates good reliability of the questionnaire. The normality of the variables was confirmed using the Kolmogorov Simonov. One-sample t-tests in SPSS software to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire is used.  
Results showed that the effects of tourism on the host community rural development (economic, social and environmental) archive town Bayg Torbat Hedarieyeh with 133/4 given is above average Supposed 121/7. So when the P<%5 is the conclusion of the host community tourism impacts to rural development in the rural settlement of Bayg Torbat Hedarieyeh archive is higher than average.
Discussion and The results show that although rural archive of Bayg Torbat Hedarieyeh have a high capacity for attracting tourists but strengthening the infrastructure needed in the development of rural tourism is essential to archive town   Bayg.

Increasing the efficiency of water consumption and water management is necessary to meet the water needs of agricultural plants which need to consider the variables affecting water consumption, including water needs and the amount of evaporation and transpiration. In this regard, evaporation and transpiration are important indicators in the process of plant growth and their amount is considered equal to the water requirement of the plant. On the other hand, climate change can affect water demand by changing the expected patterns for the average weather condition in a long term in a specific region or for the entire global climate. In the present study, the phenological stages of seedless barberry tree were determined based on field observations at Ghaen synoptic meteorological station. The seedless barberry tree is one of the commercial cultivars in Iran. In this research, the effect of climate change on the water requirement of barberry cultivation has been evaluated based on RCP scenarios in the near and far future.

In the field part, in order to identify the occurrence time of the phenology stages and temperature thresholds, a series of visits and daily and weekly notes were made in the field in the growing season of the barberry tree. For this purpose, a private and fertile commercial orchard with suitable cultivated area of ​​seedless barberry trees was selected. The studied garden group with three hectares of cultivated area in Qain city was identified as one of the most fertile gardens in the region. This private garden is located in Qain city, at the position of 33 degrees and 43 minutes of north latitude and 59 degrees and 10 minutes of east longitude and a height of 1432 meters above sea level. In this study, the phenology stages of seedless barberry tree as one of the commercial cultivars of Iran were determined. The BBCH coding system was used to record the phenology stages (Enriquez‐Hidalgo et al., 2020). This scale has a 100-part table with codes from 0 to 99 and is designed for different phases (Feldmann and Rutikanga, 2021). It was used in the synoptic meteorological station of Qain city during one year from the beginning of germination to the end of the dormant period. In fact, the codes of the phenology stages were observed and recorded in the field.After determining the phenological stages of barren barberry trees, the water requirement of the selected tree species has been calculated. In the next step, to determine the water requirement, the reference evaporation and transpiration rate must be multiplied by the plant coefficient. For this purpose, the available data including hours of sunshine, average temperature during the growing season, average rainfall, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, evaporation, and transpiration obtained from the National Meteorological Organization for 18 valid meteorological stations from 1987 to 2017 on hourly and daily time scales were used to predict the climatic condition. Toward this, the climatic condition of the near future (2059-2030) and the far future (2089-2060) has been predicted considering pessimistic (RCP8.5), and optimistic (RCP4.5) scenarios.

The results showed that barberry needs six phenological stages to complete the growth period from early April to late November. Also, the amount of water requirement for barberry treesin the base period (1987-2017) on a daily basis in the eastern region under study is more than in the west and northwest of the region. The water requirement in the northwest and west parts is more than in the east of the region under study, which is the reason for the increase in the length of the barberry phenology stage in the region has been mentioned. The results of climate change analysis showed that the daily water requirement of barberry (2030-2059) based on the RCP8.5 model during the growing season varies between 4.5-5.8 mm per day and the total water requirement is 990-1260 mm. According to the RCP4.5 model, the daily water requirement of barberry varies between 5.6-5.8 mm per day and the total water requirement is 1290-990 mm. The daily water requirement of barberry according to the RCP4.5 model (2060-2089) varies between 4-5 mm per day and the total water requirement is 960-1150 mm. Also, the daily water requirement of barberry according to the RCP8.5 model varied between 4.5-8.2 mm per day. The total water requirement of the barberry tree is 950-1300 mm.

The present study was conducted with the aim of measuring the phenology stages of the seedless barberry tree and the water requirement of the barberry tree according to the conditions of climate change in the areas prone to its cultivation in Iran. The results showed that the barberry tree needs six phenology stages to complete its growth cycle. The growth period according to climatic conditions and topography lasts from early April to late November. The results of estimating the water requirement in the base period showed that the cities of Kerman, Yazd, Qain, Birjand, Zahedan and Torbat Heydarieh need the most water during the growth stage (1330-1240 mm per day) and the lowest water requirement of the barberry tree in the north It is in the west and west of the country, but in the future, the amount of water needed by the barberry tree in the northwest and west is more than the center and east of the study area, which is the reason for the earlier completion of the phenology stages in the center and east of the country, for this reason, these areas are among the unsuitable areas. It is considered cultivation. Since the annual rainfall changes from year to year; Therefore, the irrigation project cannot be planned only based on one year's information, so long-term records are needed to calculate the effective rainfall based on the probability of occurrence. Cultivation of barberry is very desirable in terms of irrigation for dry and semi-arid areas where farmers are facing water shortage. Considering that water is the main and essential requirement of any product; Therefore, it is essential to estimate the water requirement of each plant.

The relationship between air quality and the spread of Covid-19 has been proven to be sometimes positive and sometimes negative in previous studies. A research gap was seen in Iran regarding the impact of air quality on the spread of Covid-19. Thus, this study examined the relationship between the reproductive number of Covid-19 with the air quality index and meteorological factors. The reproductive number is an index to explain the spread of a viral disease. The air quality index related to each of the pollutants NO2, O3, CO, PM2.5, PM10, and the criterion pollutant were utilized in this study. Meteorological factors, including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, air pressure, and wind speed were used. The data were obtained weekly and at Tehran province. The dependence of variables was determined using Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. The examined relationships were then estimated by regression. Each independent variable was tested in a distinct regression because of the limitations of the study. The linear and curvature regressions were performed according to the dispersion of variables and statistical assumptions. The best model was fitted based on statistical significance and regression coefficient of determination. The results of correlation tests showed the dependence of reproductive number with PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and relative humidity. Regression tests also confirmed the relationship between the reproductive number (dependent variable) and each of the independent variables PM10 (coefficient of determination 0.274), PM2.5 (coefficient of determination 0.358), SO2 (coefficient of determination 0.359), and relative humidity (determination coefficient 0.213). The results indicated that an increase in PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and decrease in relative humidity was associated with an increase in spread of Covid-19.

Lower critical temperature for a neonatal dairy calf ranges from 5 to 15°C. As the temperature drops below the calf's lower critical temperature, calf needs more dietary energy to maintain body temperature. If calves are fed the same amount of milk as under moderate environmental conditions, less energy will be available to support growth. In most small and medium holder Iranian farms, dairy calves are usually fed 4 L/d (equivalent to approximately 10% of birth weight) of liquid feed in fixed amounts until they are weaned on 60 d old. The aim of present experiment was to investigate the effect of milk replacer plane of nutrition (restricted vs. moderated; 4 vs. 6 L/d) on starter feed intake patterns, feeding behavior, and health in cold-stressed neonatal Holstein calves.

Twenty-four (n = 12 calf/treatment; 3 d old) newborn female Holstein calves (40.1 ± 0.84 kg; BW ± SE) were randomly assigned to receive either restricted (4 L/d; RPN) or moderated (6 L/d; MPN) milk replacer (21% crude protein, 17% fat, and 43% lactose on a dry matter basis) plane of nutrition. Calves were reared outdoor in individual pens with a mean ambient temperature of 3°C during the experiment. Calves were fed milk replacer twice daily at 0800 and 1700 h in pens bedded with wheat straw. Milk replacer intake, starter feed intake, fecal score (on a 1–5 score system), and ambient temperature were measured daily. All calves were visually observed (every 5 min) to monitor the eating, ruminating, resting, standing, lying, drinking, and non-nutritive oral behaviors for a 8-h period (between 0900 and 1700 h) once per 3 successive d before weaning (d 50–52 of the trial) as well as once per 3 successive d after weaning (d 83–85 of the trial). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to compare feed intake and feeding behaviors between treatment groups, and logistic regression model using a binomial distribution (PROC GLIMMIX) was used to assess the chance of diarrhea (≥3) and needs to medication before weaning. Poisson regression model (PROC GENMOD) was also used to test group differences in frequency and duration of diarrhea and days medicated before weaning.

Milk replacer dry matter intake and average daily gain were greater in MPN vs. RPN fed calves. Meal pattern including meal frequency (6.0 bouts/8-h), meal length (10.7 min), inter-meal interval (80.1 min), eating rate (14.5 g of starter feed/min), and meal size (154.5 g of starter feed/bout) and rumination pattern including the number of bouts (3.8 bouts/8-h), rumination duration (17.1 min), and interval between rumination bouts (129.2 min) were not affected by treatment groups. Time spent ruminating and time devoted to drinking were greater in MPN vs. RPN calves. Meal frequency, meal length, eating rate, meal size, rumination duration and time for standing were greater but inter-meal interval and time for lying were lower during the post- vs. pre-weaning period. Non-nutritive oral behaviors and diarrhea frequency were not affected by experimental treatments. Calves receiving RPN vs. MPN had lower chance of diarrhea and greater chance of medication. Days with diarrhea and medication days were shorter in RPN vs. MPN fed calves.

Feeding MPN increased average daily gain in cold stressed calves. The lack of significant different in starter intake between experimental treatments was probably due to the lack of difference in the number and size of the meals. Although the calves fed MPN experienced higher chance of diarrhea with longer duration, but the incidence of diarrhea was not affected by the level of milk replacer feeding.

Various factors are involved in creating the results of a war and are strategically very important. According to the strategic aspects, it is to achieve military goals. In this review, in order to find related sources and studies, in the data of reputable scientific databases such as: Mag Iran, PubMed, Sid, Google Scholar from 2000 to 2020 with a combination of keywords equipment, logistics and readiness, strategic logistics, tactical logistics, operational logistics conducted a comprehensive search in both Persian and English. The texts were examined independently by two researchers. Out of a total of 1031 articles, the nature of inclusion and exclusion criteria, elimination of studies and duplicate articles of 11 articles that were appropriate and related to the purpose of the study were reviewed. The results of studies conducted in the field of logistics showed that the increase in weaknesses and disorder of military programs, training conditions, insufficient and difficult logistics coverage raises concerns about the possibility of widespread vulnerability of units in the event of Possible military conflicts have escalated. Discussion and Considering the creation of new logistics methods in today's armies and its decisive and fundamental role in the war, comprehensive and extensive programs should be developed to update logistics methods and establish logistics centers and cities.

Given the close relationship between military affairs and climate change, military organizations need to consider the potential effects of climate change in their future planning and design. In this study, in order to investigate the effects of climate change on military activities in Isfahan province, we used the simulated output of the hadGEM2-ES paired model from the CMIP5 model series, based on RCP 8.5 (pessimistic) and RCP 4.5 (optimistic) radiation induction scenarios. Has been. Also using Misnard Bioclimatic Climate Index (ET) and also using GIS software in interpolation, generalization of point-to-area data and combination of maps, times and places suitable for military activity in terms of body physiology in Isfahan province during a 20-year statistical period (2019-1999) and for the next period (2040-2059). Data analysis showed that September is mostly in the province in optimal conditions for military activity, which in the basic period is more than two scenarios pessimistic and optimistic. Based on the results obtained in the summer, the highlands and in the spring, the lowlands of the province have been selected for optimal military affairs, and in the winter and autumn (November and December) cold conditions prevail, which according to the data obtained from the amount in the pessimistic scenario, the Misnard index tends to the lower edge of the cold class.

Problem statement: 

Mental health has received a lot of attention in recent years from various fields. One of the parameters of mental health is emotion, which has been influenced by various environmental, social, cognitive, and motor factors. Architectural space as one of the important environmental components has an impact on emotion and has neurophysiological effects on the human brain. Since humans spend a lot of time in the interior of architecture, it has doubled in importance. Despite the great importance of this issue, little research has been done in architecture so far, and most of the research has used qualitative methods of interview, observation, and questionnaire, which, due to the influence of the author, there has been a possibility of orientation in the results. Nevertheless, with the advancement of technology and the emergence of the field of neuroscience, new quantitative tools and methods have been provided to researchers to measure emotion, and it has led to the formation of a new paradigm of neuroarchitecture.

The present research aims to review the studies conducted in this field so that in addition to clarifying the effect of interior architecture on emotion, the methodology of the studies is also analyzed and provides a clear path for future researchers. Therefore, the present research questions can be expressed as follows: Which physical components of the interior space of architecture affect emotion? What effect has their exposure had on neurophysiological emotion? And how do these emotions appear?

The present research employed the systematic review methodology. In this regard, the inclusion criteria such as terms, measurement variables, measuring instruments, and publication date were defined. The way of searching databases of studies, selecting and assessing their qualities were defined, and the final studies were introduced and analyzed.

The results indicate the effect of the physical parameters of the interior space such as form, materials and texture, furniture, ceiling height, architectural details, and openness to nature on emotion, each of which is one of the emotional states and feelings such as enjoy, pleasure, arousal, and disgust have appeared. The present research is a window to the issue of mental health, which introduces a field for using the interior space of architecture as a type of treatment or prevention.