فهرست مطالب حسن صلحی

In recent years, the use of foreign herbal weight loss supplements is growing in Iran which due to the use of some unauthorized synthetic materials by manufacturers in their products can be problematic. The aim of this study was to analyze the contents of the foreign herbal slimming capsules common in use in the city of Arak in 2015.
From the available foreign herbal slimming capsules, randomly six brands were selected and purchased from the supplier stores in the city of Arak. Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for the quantification analysis of the amounts of sibutramine, phenytoin and phenolphthalein in the capsules.
In all brands, sibutramine was identified and the highest values were in the brands of Original Super Slim and Slim Fast, as about 75 and 54 mg per capsule, respectively. In some brands, there were phenolphthalein and phenytoin with different values. Other unauthorized materials, such as caffeine, pseudoephedrine and amfepramone (diethylpropion) were identified using GC-MS data library.
The foreign herbal slimming capsules included in the study, contain unauthorized synthetic materials not mentioned on the label. Healthcare providers should aware people regarding the use of foreign herbal slimming capsules and their side effects.

Considering the importance of examining the effects of fluorine and its compounds on aluminum industry workers, this study aimed to compare the signs of dental fluorosis between the workers of one of the aluminum factories and one of the industrial equipment construction companies of Markazi province in Iran.
This descriptive study was performed on 351 workers of one of the aluminum factories of Markazi province (company A) and 220 workers of one of the industrial equipment construction companies of the same province in Iran (company B). The teeth of all the subjects were examined. Workers in company B were considered as the control group. Data were entered into SPSS software 13 and analyzed by using appropriate method analysis.
We found a significant relationship between the occurrence of dental fluorosis and age and work experience. The rates of dental fluorosis were 34.47% and 17.27% in the company A and company B, respectively. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the company A and company B regarding the prevalence of dental fluorosis (p>0.05). The most common dental sign in workers of company A was perikymata, while tooth discoloration was most frequently observed in the company B.
Our study revealed that the prevalence of dental fluorosis in aluminum factory was higher than industrial equipment construction company, which exacerbated with increasing age and working history. Oral health training and the use of safety equipment in the workplace are of great significance for workers exposed to fluorine and its compounds.

Fingerprint pattern inheritance is a polygenic one. Blood groups of people also follow a natural genetic inheritance. Some studies have been carried out on the relationship between types of ABO blood groups and fingerprint with physical features of human body. This study aims to find out prevalence of fingerprint patterns in ABO blood groups. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 600 healthy people in 4 blood groups of A, B, AB, O and in two blood factors of Rh+ and Rh-. The blood group and Rh factors of the people were determined by Cell Type method. Their fingerprints were specified using Henry and Galton’s dermatoglyphics method. Fingerprint patterns of people were classified into 3 major groups (Arch, Loop, and Whorl) and 9 minor fingerprint patterns. Prevalence of whorl, loop, and arch patterns in the people under study were achieved as 44.1%, 43%, and 12.8%, respectively. For whorl pattern, the most major fingerprint patterns in A, B, and O blood groups and Rh+ people were 25.7%, 27.7%, 27.3%, and 91.4%, respectively. For loop pattern, the frequency in AB blood group and Rh- people were 30.6% and 13.5%, respectively. The results of this study revealed that frequency of fingerprint patterns is different between ABO blood groups; yet, further studies with higher sample size are recommended.

One third of hemophilia cases occur without family history due to spontaneous gene mutation and it could cause a delay in diagnosis at birth. Since fingerprint is a unique identifier to an individual، the aim of this study was to compare the fingerprint of hemophilic patients and normal population. This case control study was conducted on 62 hemophilia patients who had referred to the Arak Hemophilia Center (case group) and 62 normal persons (control group). The type of fingerprint of each finger was determined by an expert forensic scientist using advanced Henry method. According to this method، the fingerprint types are classified to arch، loop، whorl and others and the two groups were compared. The loop type was the commonest fingerprint in control group (65%) and the whorl type was the most common type in hemophilic patients (34%) (p< 0. 001). In all fingers، the average number of loop type was significantly higher in control group than other group (6. 5±2. 6 vs. 2. 9±1. 6، p<0. 001، respectively) and the average number of whorl and other types (rare or unknown) was significantly lower in control group than hemophilic patients (whorl: 2. 3±2. 5 vs. 3. 4±2. 1، p=0. 010، respectively; other types: 0. 6±1 vs. 3. 3±2. 4، p<0. 001، respectively). There were significant differences of fingerprints of each finger between two groups، too. In addition، the average number of arch fingerprint in hemophilic patients with mild level of disease was significantly lower than patients with more severe disease (0. 2±0. 4 vs. 0. 6±0. 6)، p<0. 001، respectively) while the average number of whorl type was greater in patients with mild disease than other group (5±1. 2 vs. 1. 8±1. 6، p<0. 001، respectively). Findings of this study show that the number of loop fingerprints in all fingers of hemophilic patients is lower and the numbers of whorl and unknown types in all fingers are higher than normal persons. So، it can be applicable as an easy، inexpensive and correct screening method for diagnosis of hemophilic patients particularly patients with spontaneous gene mutation.

Given the paucity of data on possible testis changes in opioid dependents, we sought to compare the testis volumes between a group of opium dependents and a group of healthy controls. Comparison of testis volume between opium dependents and healthy controls. This case-control study recruited 100 men with opium dependency (cases) and 100 healthy men (controls) in Iran, in 2008. A checklist containing questions about age, height, weight, daily amount of cigarette use, and duration of cigarette use for all the participants as well as daily amount of opium use (grams) and duration of opium use (years) for the case group was completed. Additionally, the dimensions of each testis were measured by a single person using calipers, and the mean of the left and right testes volume was compared between these two groups. The mean of the testis volumes in the case group was significantly lower than that of the case group (11.2±2.2 and 25.1±2.7cm³, p<0.001). The results of the ANCOVA test showed that even after the omission of the cigarette smoking effect (p=0.454), the testis volume remained lower in the opium dependents (R2=0.884, p<0.001). In the case group, there were significant reverse correlations between testis volume and age (r=-0.404, p<0.001), daily amount of opium use (r=-0/207, p=0.039) and duration of opium use (r=-0.421, p<0.001). We found that the testis volume in the male opium dependents was lower than that of the healthy controls. We would recommend that future studies into the impact of drugs on the testis dimensions pay heed to possible histological changes in the testes owing to opium dependency.

Since urine stains found on crime scenes are one of the crucial types of evidence in finding and detecting narcotics, the present study accordingly aims to introduce a new method for detection of trace narcotic elements in the solution extracted from dried urine stain left on cotton fabrics. The present study was conducted in 2009 at the reference laboratory of the Legal Medicine Department of Markazi province in Iran. Narcotic substances were traced in the 50 samples, which had positive result in screening test, through two methods. In the first method, samples were directly examined through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). In the second method, a piece of cotton fabric measuring 30*30 cm was soaked in a beaker filled with 7 cc of urine sample and the solution was completely absorbed by the fabric. The piece of fabric was then let to dry at a temperature of 15-20 °C. Once dried, it was soaked in 10 cc of distilled water and shaken for 30 minutes with a shaker so that the stain deposits would dissolve into water. Finally, the solution was extracted from the wet fabric in a five-minute 1000 rpm centrifugal spin and admixed with an equal amount of distilled water. A TLC test was run afterward. TLC on the main samples showed the followings: morphine, codeine and other opium alkaloids were detected in 38 samples while in 7 samples only codeine was found. In five samples no especial stain on TLC plate was found. The TLC performed on the solution tapped from the cotton piece of fabric showed similar results except for the lower density of stain colors. The results show that narcotics may be detected in dried urine stains on cotton fabric dissolved in distilled water. Further studies are encouraged to be designed to receive a standard protocol in wich the amount of required distilled water, based on the material of the fabric and the diameter of the urine stain, would be specified; Consequently, urine stains left on patients’ fabrics or any piece of fabric left on the crime scene would be detected.

Addiction is undoubtedly one of the biggest problems of human societies that every year governments spend enormous amounts of money on fighting it. Most addicts, besides their addiction, cause many psychological problems in their families; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the presence of these disorders between the families of addicts and non-addicts. This case-control study was done on a sample of 650 persons of opium addict's and non-addict's families using random sampling method. Data were collected through SCL-90-R questionnaire and were analyzed by Chi-square and t-test using SPSS software version 18. There was a significant difference in psychiatric disorders in addict's and non-addict's families (p=0.005). Among the 9 psychiatric disorders under assessment, only anxiety, aggression, paranoia, and depression disorders in three types, including pathologic, borderline, and combined (pathologic-borderline), were significantly higher in addict's families compared with non-addict's families (p=0.005). Drug dependence disorder in one member of a family has a very important effect on the mental hygiene of the other family members and requires prevention and treatment in both.

Many of those who are eligible for continuing medical education (CME) in order to participating in current method of education have to temporary leave their jobs. Also cost، exhaustion of the trip and lack of proper yield are some other problems. it is believed that efficiency of CME courses maybe improved by using of electronic- CME. Nowadays، in many countries new «e-courses» have become available but up to now e-learning has not been routinely used in Iran. This study by considering of eligible physicians attitude about electroric – CME has been done. in this cross – sectional descriptive study which started from September 2007 until February 2009 in Arak،664 persons who are eligible for continuing medical education (CME) were studied. Data were collected by a self - designed questionnaire، validity and reliability was determined respectively by content validity & Alpha kronbakh (: -/85) results were analysed by using T-test and SPSS soft ware (version 16). 644 eligible physicians participated in this study. (152 via internet and 492 verbally). Concerning the best method of Continuing medical education (CME) more than %39. 6 (n=230) choose collected course and 10. 7% (n=62) collected electronic CME. Inability of using computer by female is more than male but there was no significant differences among diferent age groups based on questionnaire. Most responders considered collected courses as high yield ones which refers to the fact that omission of these programs is not in accordance with the their wishes.

Given that hemophilia is a common health problem which imposes a lot of costs on health organizations, it is highly important to detect its carriers. However, expensive diagnostic techniques have hindered the detection of hemophilia carriers even in developed countries. Since it has been proved that each person has his/her own unique fingerprints and this has also been mentioned in the Holy Koran, the present study has been conducted to compare the fingerprints of hemophilia carriers with those of normal population.

The main aim of this study is to ponder on the 3rd & 4th verses of Al-Qiyamat surah comparing the fingerprints of hemophilia carriers with those of normal population.

This case-control study was carried out in 2011. 45 mothers of hemophilia patients who were referred to hemophilia center in Arak City were chosen as carriers in the case group and 113 healthy women were randomly selected as the control group. advanced, the fingerprints of the subjects were determined by a forensic medicine expert who was blind to the group which the subjects belonged to. The main types of fingerprints including arch, loop, whorl and other type were identified.

The most common fingerprints in all the fingers of the subjects were annular, rotary, semi-lunar and the others. Like the control group, the most common fingerprint found in the carriers of hemophilia was annular. Yet, a significant difference was noticed between the fingerprints of hemophilia carriers and those of the control group so that the average number of annular fingerprints in the ten fingers of hemophilia carriers was significantly fewer than the control group, and the average number of semi-lunar and other kinds of fingerprints in the ten fingers of hemophilia carriers was more than the control group. The average number of rotary fingerprints in all ten fingers was not significantly different between the two groups. Also, except for the thumb and the forefinger of the right hand, the fingerprints of other fingers were significantly different in hemophilia carriers and the control group.

The results of the present study revealed that the fingerprints of hemophilia carriers are different from those of normal population. Since it has been proved that each individual’s fingerprints are different from another, we can point out the miraculous statement of the Holy Koran about the recreation of finger-tips in response to someone who had denied afterlife 1400 years ago

Positive electrocardiogram (ECG) changes in patients with unstable angina or non-ST elevation myocardial infarction are well known, but problem arises when no specific changes in ECG are identified. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of these changes in hospitalized patients at Amir Kabir Hospital of Arak.

This study was a cross-sectional one that was conducted on 124 patients hospitalized at the heart emergency ward of Arak Amir Kabir Hospital with unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. ECG changes and serum cardiac enzyme levels were analyzed on admission and 12 hours after admission.

According to patients’ history and serum cardiac enzymes, 62 patients had undergone myocardial infarction without ST segment elevation, 98.4% of whom had ECG changes and 1.5% showed no ECG changes. Of the 60 patients, who had been hospitalized with unstable angina, 90% showed ECG changes and the rest 10% revealed no such changes.

In comparison to other studies reporting that 50% of patients with unstable angina and non ST elevation myocardial infarction reveal no ECG changes, a high percentage of patients referring with a chest pain to the heart emergency ward of Amir Kabir Hospital, had no significant changes in their ECG and were not hospitalized.

A major problem for laboratories especillay in medicolegal centers is drug test false positive and negative results. Using carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or oral contraceptive pills (OCP) are common among addict people to make the results negative. Therefore, we decided to evaluate the effect of these material on morphine urine test. We performed this pre-experimental study on the urine samples of all people referred to narcotic drug laboratory of Markazi province during May of 2005. Of 2110 urine samples, the Morphine Rapid Test of 208 samples was positive. Then by means of TLC method, we confirmed the presence of morphine metabolites in 150 urine samples. After that, we divided these samples into three equal groups for adding carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or OCP. The results show that in carbon paper group, 41 cases are positive and nine cases unclear. In sodium bicarbonate group, 45 samples are positive and 5 cases unclear. In estrogen conjugate group, all 50 samples are positive. According to this study, adding carbon paper, sodium bicarbonate or oral contraceptive pills cannot make negative the Morphine Rapid Test result.

Methanol causes so many severe toxicities. Chronic low dose methanol ingestion can cause severe toxicity. There are many unpublished reports from doctors about side effects of toxicity by methanol like blinding in chronic user of herbal essences. Regarding to kinds of herbal essences producing and side effects of its chronic using, probability, there is methanol in the process of making. Therefore we decided to evaluate rate of methanol in various products. In this cross-sectional analytic study, 3 samples of high consumption homemade herbal essences in Arak (Pussy, Mint, Fenugreek, Hedysarum, Dill and Chicory) and 3 samples of the same herbal essences from industrial products with trademarks were gathered. All of them have been analyzed with spectrophotometer in five times. The maximum methanol concentration was related to a sample of industrial Mint (415.04 ppm) and the minimum methanol concentration was related to a sample of handmade Fenugreek (60.26 ppm). There was no significant difference between methanol concentration in handmade and industrial herbal essences. There is probability of methanol toxicity after chronic usage of some herbal essences. Due to lack of maximum permissible concentration for non methanol essences, it is recommended that a cut of point of methanol concentration was determined and inform people about it.