فهرست مطالب حسن محجوب عشرت آبادی

In recent years, academic entrepreneurs' decision-making has attracted the attention of many researchers. There are several research streams in this field; But this field has not benefited from comprehensive conceptual models. The present study was conducted with the aim of synthesizing the extensive literature on sustainable financial resources in the decisions of academic entrepreneurs to provide a systematic framework of the components of sustainable financial resources. This research is practical in terms of purpose and was conducted with a qualitative approach using the meta-composite method and the library method was used to collect data. The study population of the research is all the scientific sources related to the issue of sustainable financial resources in the decisions of academic entrepreneurs in the time period (1380-1400 and also 2021-1990). Key words of decision making, financial resources, decision making of entrepreneurs from the internal databases of the scientific information database of academic jihad, Nurmagz, Mogiran, comprehensive portal of humanities, thesis of Tehran University and Ganj Beta, and external databases. It was searched like Scholar.google, Elsevier, Proquest. In this regard, 198 researches were evaluated in the field of the subject and finally 47 articles were selected purposefully and by analyzing the theme and combining the relevant literature, a total of 69 basic themes, 7 secondary pre-organizing themes, 2 pre-organizing themes were found. The first one was selected and analyzed during the systematic search and combination process, and its validity was confirmed through the Kappa test.

The development of human capital of faculty members is an effective achievement in the direction of the development of the higher education system. However, the evidence based on the results of experimental research indicates the low quality of the faculty members' performance. The aim of the current research is to measure and evaluate the development of human capital of faculty members, which was done with a mixed approach (sequential exploratory).

In the qualitative part of the research, the participants were the faculty members of the universities and research institutes of Tehran, and 13 of them were interviewed and the required data were collected using the purposeful sampling method. The data analysis of this section was done using thematic analysis method. In order to evaluate the reliability of research findings, immersion and recoding approach was used by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. In the quantitative part, the statistical population included the faculty members of the University of Tehran, 150 of whom were selected using Cochran's formula and the relative stratified sampling method from the four campuses of "Humanities", "Behavioral and Social Sciences", "Basic Sciences" and "Technical-Eengineering" were selected as samples. The tool for collecting data was the quantitative part of the researcher-made questionnaire on the development of human capital of faculty members in a 6-point range. The validity of the research tool was verified by formal, convergent and divergent method and its reliability was confirmed through Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability.

The findings of the qualitative section were categorized and presented in 9 dimensions, which include improving the ability to formulate specialized and interdisciplinary lesson plans, improving the ability to teach and learn, improving classroom management and administration skills, Enhancing academic and behavioral counseling and guidance, increasing commitment to professional ethics in the education process, enhancing the ability to motivate students to learn, enhancing the ability to evaluate learners' performance, enhancing research knowledge, and enhancing research skills. In the quantitative part, based on the results of Shannon's entropy test, the priority of the dimensions of improving classroom management skills and improving research knowledge was confirmed over other dimensions. The values of the Chi-2 test indicated the favorable condition of the main structure of educational human capital development and the relatively favorable condition of the main structure of research-entrepreneurship human capital development of faculty members of Tehran University. Based on Yeoman-Whitney and Kraskal-Wallis test values, the inequality of the average educational human capital development of faculty members was confirmed in terms of a number of variables and effective factors.

The results of the research showed that the development of educational and research human capital of faculty members, setting priorities and identifying inequalities in the development of human capital of faculty members in terms of influencing factors can provide an effective and efficient road map for planning to provide a strategy for the development of human capital of faculty members to policy makers, decision makers and activists in this field.

Drivers are motivating and provocative factors of the supervision process in complex, uncertain and fluctuating conditions to achieve student’s empowerment. The first purpose of this study is to evaluate the fit of the model of effective driving instruction for graduate and doctoral students and the second one is the pathology of the guidance process of this model. The research is done in ways of applied purpose and using survey and correlation research methods. The statistical population of the study was all graduate and doctoral students of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, 494 of them were selected by available sampling method. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire of effective guidance drivers. To analyze the data, simple linear regression, t-test and Friedman tests in SPSS software and structural equation modeling using partial least squares technique in PLS software were used. Findings showed the validity and reliability indices of measurement models, evaluation indices of structural models and general indices of the model that confirms the optimal fit of the effective guidance model. Also, the pathology of the student guidance process showed that the status of the drivers of guidance support and student acceptance are at a desirable level, however the organizational support drivers are at an unfavorable level. As a result, the effective guidance model is introduced as a comprehensive guidance model. Increasing the quality and effectiveness of guidance to empower students requires increased organizational support.

University, as one of the main and most influential social institutions in Iran, has become the best place for promoting societal education by providing a place for people with different interests, tendencies, ethnicities, and cultures. It can play an effective role in promoting the societal security of the country under various functions such as nurturing sensitive, responsible, specialized, and committed people. The present study is an applied exploratory research that is carried out through a combined method to identify the functions of university in promoting the societal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran. First, in the qualitative section, research experts were interviewed. The results of content analysis and coding of interviews identified 91 indicators. The indicators, then, were categorized in the form of 10 dimensions of educating a responsible citizen, reasonable and possible normalization, cultural (living to understand judgment and persuasion), establishing a safe society, innovation, participation, economic (providing an understanding of the purpose of economic endeavor), ethical education of the society, critical thinking, and awareness. In the quantitative section, based on the identified dimensions and indicators, a questionnaire on the functions of university in promoting the societal security of the Islamic Republic of Iran was designed and distributed among 170 specialists and experts in the field of research. The data collected in this section were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the pattern of university functions in promoting societal security fits well with the data. The present study emphasizes the role of university functions in promoting societal security in the mentioned dimensions.

The present study investigated the relationship between high schools principals support and self-directed teacher professional development. Based on scientific principles and formulas to determine sample size, 118 teachers from the district 14 of Tehran practices were randomly selected. Data were gathered by two surveys, including management support and self-directed professional development. The findings showed a strong relationship between management support and self- directed high school teacher there.(r =%76).two components of Principal as Leader of a Learning Organization and Principal as Resource Provider for both 61/1 percent of the variance was explained by self-directed professional development. Also their growth is not significant in orientation collaborative learning.

The present study aims to explain entrepreneurship at the air University. In terms of data collection the research method is descriptive. The population consisted of all faculty members experienced in Academic entrepreneurship. Using purposive sampling, 29 samples were selected by snowball technique. To measure the "entrepreneurial orientation" five components of innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, competitive aggressiveness and autonomy and to measure "academic entrepreneurship" three components of novelty- seeking, advantage-seeking and opportunity- seeking was considered. In determining the validity of questionnaire of this study was greater emphasis on content validity. Cranach’s alpha reliability coefficient was used to determine reliability of questionnaire. In order to analyze data t- test was used to check the status of existing components. The chi-square test to check the current status of indices and to examine the relationship between the variables, structural equations and path analysis with PLS software is used. The total average score of risk-taking 2.61, competitive aggressiveness 2.69 and autonomy 2.89, innovativeness component 2.81, proactiveness 3.16 ,novelty- seeking 2.30, advantage-seeking 2.72 and opportunity- seeking 2.59. The result of structural equations analysis indicates that entrepreneurial orientation has a positive effect on academic entrepreneurship.

This study was an attempt to evaluate the academic development of faculty members of university and is also aimed to propose suitable strategies for its enhancement. Faculty members are identified as crucial human resources of higher education centers; therefore, the academic performances of universities are all deeply affected by their academic development. Faculty members are also identified as the most important human capital of every university and society and their academic enhancement is of crucial significance for universities and is also taken as an incontrovertible fact. Modern military education is an absolute necessity due to the rapid changes in military sciences in recent decades and the necessity for empowering the faculty members as a developmental approach and fundamental plan is sharply emphasized at universities. As an applied and descriptive field study, this study was conducted through engaging sample population of 94 faculty members of military universities who were selected based on stratified random sampling method. The findings revealed that the academic development of faculty members and its components including organizational, educational and individual development enjoys 0.05 rates of effectiveness and putting it at the top of the average level. The findings also revealed that in terms of academic development of faculty members, there is a significant difference among three faculties of Imam Ali military university at the level of 0.05. Moreover, in terms of mean score of faculty members, faculty of military management stood at the top of ranking among three faculties including military management, foreign languages and the faculty of flight and engineering. Additionally, the academic development of faculty members is confirmed by the factor analysis and its development is appropriately evaluated by its components. Finally, in a bid to enhance the academic development of faculty members, some practical suggestions are made according to the viewpoint of faculty members.

This study aimed at finding the relationship between organizational health and teacher stress in the government run boys' high schools in Delfan. The method of research was descriptive and correlational. One hundred thirty teachers were randomly selected from 200 teachers and were asked to complete the Organizational Health Inventory (OHI), and the Job Stress questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests (Pearson correlation, regression & one-way ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that there is a negative and significant correlation (r=-.248, p=.05) between the variables. Also, a stepwise regression was used to predict job stress of the teachers from organizational health. It was found that from organizational health components, consideration, and institutional integrity as predictor variables, can enter the final regression equation for explaining job stress of the teachers of the high schools in Delfan and it was found that the consideration component is a better explainer than the structural integrity component. In addition, a one-way ANOVA between job stress of the teachers in different demographic group (education level) showed that there is not a significant relationship between them.

One of the ways to achieve creativity in education is using creative teachers. Creative teachers can increase the quality of educational services. Leadership styles of school principals can improve or diminish teacher’s creativity.

This study examined the relationship between manager's leadership styles and creativity of teachers in primary schools.

The method used in this research was correlation and applied research. The statistical population of the research was all the elementary school teachers in Poldokhtar of whom 97 were selected randomly. Instruments included two standard questionnaires to measure creativity and transformational leadership. For analyzing data, descriptive and statistical tests such as Pearson correlation, analysis of variance, regression were used.

The results of this review indicates that the transformational leadership style is more than transactional leadership style and is associated with teachers creativity. Among the components of transformational leadership, charismatic leadership and individual consideration explain %29.5 of teachers creativity. Beside that The contingent reward component of transactional leadership style just explains 7/9% of the variance.

Planning training courses to improve the skills of transformational leadership for school administrators, particularly principals and teachers to achieve school's success and growth is inevitable. Effective leadership requires the use of a transformational and transactional leadership style. Therefore school administrators in addition to creating the conditions and environment for intrinsic motivation should consider extrinsic rewards.

In this paper, the Funding mechanisms and resource allocation in higher education was examined. In general various mechanisms were employed in higher education system of different countries. Providing a range of public funding and private funding can be observed in different countries, as in most European universities, public funding and in the U.S. universities, private funding is the dominant form of financing. In association with the resource allocation mechanism, some states subsidize the supply side (higher education institutions), a number of them subsidize demand side (customers), and some countries subsidize both sides.Generally, allocation is based on negotiation and bargaining, a formula, staff, student, per capita and the performance which are some mechanisms that have been used in this context. The results of this study shows that the funding mechanisms of higher education has the potential for policy making and guiding the behavior of different actors; in addition, it can affect the performance of universities and institutions of higher education at macro and micro (individual) levels. Graduates must participate in the funding of higher education. To increase efficiency and equity, and to achieve more equitable access, performance-based allocation mechanisms should be used.

The objective of this study was to identify barriers of development of ICT in the University of Tehran. A revision of similar researches was carried out and opinions of experts were sought. The problems encountered with the development of ICT were categorized in five factors: technological، educational، financial، legal، attitudinal and behavioral barriers. The study used mixed methodology to collect data. A researcher self generated questionnaire، interview، and observation methods were applied. The population of the study was ICT technicians، present in the second semester of the academic year 2008/2009. A simple random sampling was carried out، and by the use of Cochran''s formula، 95 persons were selected. To obtain the reliability of the questionnaires، a Cronbach''s alpha was performed. Khi square was used to analyze the research questions. The study findings revealed that: lack of ICT education، poor ICT infrastructure، lack of financial support، and legal problems are the major barriers to ICT development at university of Tehran. Attitudinal and behavioral factors have not identified as ICT barriers at University of Tehran. At the end suggestions are provided.

This article intends to consider the use of information technology and modern and comprehension communications (ICT) teaching and learning processes. Based on empirical study, using interviews and document analysis and documents related to the application of information technology and communications in higher education (ICT) in Shahid Sattari University, some important and influential factors on the employment of the information and communications in higher education are analyzed. The findings suggest that the university benefits from sufficient financial resources, required technical infrastructures and proper supportive structures regarding the use of information and communications technology. However, its attempts to link ICT capabilities to issues such as research and educational activities, organizational development and human resource management have not been very successful. Therefore, if it ICT is to play a more effective role in teaching and learning processes in Shahid Sattari Aeronautical University of Science and Technology, there needs to be a better link between pedagogy and various aspects of human resource and organizational development established.

Nowadays، the effect of knowledge & technology changes and developments of organizations has caused a great need in applying different specializations and skills. Because of fundamental role of employees in solving problems and promoting productivity، any organization''s success is related to its efficient use of human resources. Studies show that employees & managers in the organizations have different levels of skills. This is important because managers act as coordinators of organizations. Then، being familiar with and paying close attention to the different levels of Managers'' skills could be significant as one of the important parts of organization''s success & productivity promotion. This paper، with an applied approach، is an effort to identify، employing a descriptive method and determining dimensions of skills needed for the managers of Iran''s Air Industry، the effects of skills on the organizations productivity. So، by using quantitative and qualitative techniques، the researchers try to determine the skills needed for the managers and as well as studying different methods affecting the promotion of productivity.

 The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior among the employees of regions 1 and 2 of the Education Ministry in Khorramabad. The used research method was descriptive and correlation. All employees in these two districts constituted the population of this study; from among them168 employees were selected, using random sampling. Instruments for this study included two researcher-made questionnaires: Organizational Justice and Citizenship Behavior Questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed through descriptive statistics indices and statistical tests, including Pearson correlation, regression, one-way ANOVA, and independent t-test. The results of data analysis indicated that there was a positive relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior (P< .0.1). In addition, results from stepwise regression revealed only the loyalty component could predict organizational justice. The results of t-test also showed a significant difference between the employee’s genders. And finally, results of one-way ANOVA indicated that the difference between organizational justice and the education level, that was actually a demographic variable, was significant.

The present research is conducted in Tehran University in order to identify strategic technics for promoting organizational learning according to the characteristics of a learning organization for the purpose of forming smart organizations. The questionnaire is designed according to the Peter Senge's theory that a learning organization has five main features: personal mastery, mental models, shared vision and team learning. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire are assessed and confirmed. We used descriptive statistics tools (mean and standard deviation) in order to assess items of the questionnaire. The results of the research showed that there was a significant difference between the current situation in Tehran University and the favorable features of a learning organization. Therefore the University of Tehran needs to improve its quality and become a smart organization using strategic technics.

The aim of this study is to comparatively analyze the impacts of inside training and outsourcing training on human productivity in air force. The conceptual framework was developed by reviewing the relevant literature in and out of the country and by conducting interviews with experts. Then, the questionnaires were developed and their validity was approved by the experts. Their reliability was also obtained through krunback alpha. In the next step 100 questionnaires were distributed amongst the people trained in and out of the Air Force. The T test and Z test was used for analyzing the data and the Friedman test was applied for prioritizing the different kinds of training. The result indicate that inside and outside training influence the human productivity but outsourcing training has a more intense effect.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the One of the most important strategic decisions in higher education is funding mechanisms which are studied in this article. To achieve this, first the most important financing systems were extracted. Then, we compared the efficiency, equity of access, level of access and private expansion effects of these mechanisms. In order to choose between one system or another, related articles that compare funding mechanisms have been analyzed. Having assessed different modes, we come to this conclusion that the best funding approach can be “market oriented funding” and in this framework “income contingent loan” and “graduate tax” can better provide the objectives of higher education development such as increasing access, enhance equity in access, improving internal and external efficiency and development of private sector.

Interdisciplinary activities are frequently heralded as innovative and groundbreaking، a necessity for confronting the numerous social، cultural and economic challenges facing higher education. This article considers the inherent conflict between the professoriate and the university structure related to interdisciplinary. It concentrates on strategies that cultivate the sort of change necessary for interdisciplinary advancement. The article addresses the engagement of faculty with interdisciplinary efforts and the institutional support of such work as requiring a cultural change in institutional behavior. Cultivating interdisciplinary change requires attention to the multiple cultural layers the university comprises. One emphasis must be placed on the basic structure of academic work، the departments and colleges، where faculty members spend a majority of their time and intellectual resources. Another emphasis occurs at the institutional level، when the campus fosters a culture where interdisciplinary work is valued، encouraged، and supported. This article focuses on these facets of change and offer guidelines for engaging faculty in interdisciplinary endeavors.

The present study aims at assessing the behavior of female experts’ organizational citizenship. The participants of this research consist of all the female experts working for Tehran University reported to be 762 people. Using simple random sampling, 76 people of the above participants were selected as a sample population for the research. Pudsakov et.al’s standardized questionnaire (1990) was employed for data collection. The findings indicated that the status quo of female experts’ behavior of organizational citizenship and the dimensions of their work ethics, civility, chivalry, and philanthropy in Tehran University were higher than hypothetical mean and this difference was significant as well. However, the dimension of social manners was less than the assumed average and the difference was also meaningful. In comparing the status quo and desirable status of the behavior of organizational citizenship and its dimensions, the findings suggested that there was a significant difference between these variables among the female specialists working the University of Tehran. The results also represented that, in terms of education variable, the experts holding Bachelor’s, Master’s degree and the higher had better behavior of organizational citizenship than those holding lower educational degrees. Finally, benefiting from the ideas of experts, some strategies for improving the behavior of organizational citizenship of the experts of Tehran University were offered dividing into four categories, namely, individual factors, occupational factors, managing factors and organizational factors.

The aim of present study was to investigate the concept of organizational citizenship behavior، and it s features، dimensions، antecedents، and consequences. Therefore، four questions around subject has been designed and considered. The research method was document analysis and for gathering required information، sake answering research questions، existing، relevant and available documents and proofs has been gathered and analyzed with qualitative method. Research findings are: 1- the most important features of organizational citizenship behaviors including: this behaviors are an internal tendency، a discretionary and spontaneous in nature، aren''t explicitly or directly recognized by formal system، and aren''t formally rewarded or sanctioned by the organization. 2- the most important dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior are: sportsmanship، altruism، civic virtue، conscientiousness، organizational loyalty، self development، and courtesy. 3- many studies has been done about organizational citizenship behavior، findings show that the most important variables that predict such behaviors are: job satisfaction، organizational justice، personality، leadership behaviors، role perception، organizational commitment، and employees age. 4- generally، the most important consequences of organizational citizenship behavior are: enhancing organizational effectiveness، performance and productivity، promotion of positive relationships among employees، more efficiency in resource allocation، providing the flexibility needed for innovation، guiding the efficient use of scarce resources، improving costumer service.

To assess the effectiveness of the health education program on maturation among female adolescents, a sample of 192 female students aged 12-14 in Mashhad was randomly selected and put through the program. Following the educational course, participant's awareness and attitude toward the subject, as well as their general health, was measured using two questionnaires. Results show an increase in all three areas measured, indicating the effectiveness of the program.