فهرست مطالب حسن نمکی نوقاب

Trust and its functions are one of the most important indicators of social capital and have attracted humanities activists’ attention, especially sociologists, psychologists, and political scientists. Despite some books' publication in this field, less attention has been paid to the cultural, attitudinal, and insightful contexts of social trust, as well as its meaning investigation in the Qur'an context.
This research, with a descriptive-analytical method, by referring to sociological sources, has dealt with this concept's bases in the modern world's social trust, in order to compare this concept with the Qur'an context. The results indicate that social trust in the contemporary world is a reaction to the increase in risk-taking and individualism which the components of not determining the future, uncontrollable action and ignorance of another's possible action have brought the necessity of resorting to control and coercion. While the Qur'an's desired trust is based on a positive attitude (good faith) and collective faith, which includes determination, commitment and awareness. Individual norms and values ​​(attribute-oriented factors) and the social status (status factors) strengthens it.

One of the issues raised by Shiite and Sunni scholars in the last century is the existence of narrators attributed to Shiism in Bukharichr('39')s Sahih. Given the great credibility of this book in Sunni hadith societies, and on the other hand, Bukharichr('39')s accusation of installation, the importance of addressing why these narrators exist in Bukharichr('39')s authentic book is strengthened. In this regard, no one has explained the cause in a clear and detailed manner. However, following the existing works, we can enumerate three theories that have been pointed out by scholars: the first view has sought the cause in the prominent and irreplaceable role of Shiite narrators; The second view considers Bukharichr('39')s enthusiasm and motivation in receiving and publishing the hadith as the main factor, and the third group proposes Bukharichr('39')s love and devotion to her Ahl al-Bayt and their Shiites, and consequently her non-installation The present article has tried to organize the fourth theory on this subject in three steps after expressing the inadequacy of the aforementioned possibilities: First, a brief overview of the components and characteristics of the first-century Shiite currents in the earlier centuries; In the next step, based on these components and other methods mentioned in the text, the type of Shiite narrators and the amount of narration from the currents attributed to Shiism are determined. And in the final step, the inadequacy of the possibilities mentioned about the presence of Shiite narrators in Bukharichr('39')s book is pointed out and the theory of "separation of Bukhari between different types of Shiite narrators" is explained and the effect of Bukharichr('39')s theological and religious motives in this issue is analyzed

Understanding the exact meaning of the terms and tracking the evolution of the semantic components of a word or term throughout history will offer a more realistic perception of the issues and the accurate analysis of its applications. Among the words that seem to have undergone a semantic change over the course of history are the two terms Shi'ism and rafida, which are used both in sectology and Elm al-rejal (Science of Narration). This research, by analyzing historical evidences, attempts to revisit terms " rafida and Shi'ism " in the early centuries and address the question whether the two terms of rafida and Shi'ism in these centuries have referred solely to the Imamiyyah Shia or the semantic scope of this term is far beyond Imamiyyah Shia, encompassing other Shia sects and movements. This paper seeks to prove that, contrary to the general perception, the two terms of Shi'ism and rafida are not exclusive to Imamiyyah Shia. The definitions of these two terms offered in Sunni sources and its adaptation to the movements attributed to Shi'a manifest a kind of semantic development of these two words in the discourse of earlier theorists. However, it has undergone a semantic delimitation over time, becoming constrained to its current meaning in the Imamiyyah Shia. Failure to recognize this point, some researchers have provided incorrect analysis of the application of these two terms in describing narrators.