فهرست مطالب حسین دارابی

This project is carried out by the Beautification Organization of Tehran and identifies the levels of effects, possible types of consequences and modification measures that are appropriate to the nature of the main effects are the aim of this paper. Here, we have tried to use the quantitative and qualitative methods for predicting the design of the Mashq Square. The results of the research show that the effects of organizing the field have become a prelude to the global registration of this field and has led to fundamental changes to restore the true identity of this field as a tourist attraction. Also, the results of this changes, depending on possible scenarios, reflect the respect for the historical nature of the work. It is reflected in preserving the historical authenticity and the type of materials used in this project. The implementation of this project has several cultural and social consequences, the identification of the 12th district of Tehran as a cultural passage is one of them.

The health system reform plan was implemented by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in accordance with the Fourth and Fifth Development Plan Acts in order to achieve public health coverage. Despite achieving many successes in the pursuit of the objectives of the plan, it has faced challenges. The purpose of the study was to determine the challenges of health system reform plan in the centers of affiliated to Bushehr University of Medical Sciences.

This study was conducted with qualitative content analysis approach. A total of 38 healthcare providers were selected from centers affiliated with Bushehr University of Medical Sciences by purposive sampling method. Data was collected from semi- structured interviews in six focus group discussions, and analyzed simultaneously with data collection. Data accuracy and rigor were confirmed in various ways.

The three main categories of decreased satisfaction, infrastructure problems, and management system weaknesses emerged after analyzing 860 initial codes. Decreased satisfaction emerged from primary satisfaction and dissatisfaction subcategories; infrastructure problems emerged from ambiguities in upstream laws, weaknesses in policy making and building culture of change, and lack of comprehensive coverage, and the management system weaknesses emerged from weaknesses in planning, weakness in human resource management, and weaknesses in supervisory practices.

It appears that the main challenges included financial problems, rapid implementation and failure to consider the less-favored cities in the implementation of the plan. In order to quickly revive the plan and achieve its positive and beneficial goals, it is recommended to revise the plan and take effective measures, especially in solving infrastructure and management problems.

Nowadays, with the rapid development of industries and technology, the risk of work- related accidents, occupational diseases and environmental pollution is increasing. Considering the importance of preventing these hazards, some universities in Iran have recently trained students in new interdisciplinary specialties such as health, safety and the environment (HSE). Some organizations are issuing specialized certificates for individuals by holding short-term workshops. Meanwhile, the acquisition of specialized HSE knowledge is almost impossible within a few hours or days. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the importance of HSE academic education at postgraduate level, the need to integrate the three categories of health, safety and environment and to explain the skills required by HSE specialists.

The present library review study was conducted in 2018 using tools included reviewing library texts and searching reliable online sources. For this purpose, the keywords of HSE, Health, Safety, Environment, etc. were searched in reputable databases such as Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar, and also related sites such as OSHA, ACGIH, and ILO.

The results show that today, the HSE curriculum is taught in many developed and developing countries as an interdisciplinary and post-graduate course. HSE graduates must have specific skills such as human relationships, safety management knowledge and accident prevention, verbal communication skills, and writing HSE guidelines in the workplace.

The integration of health, safety and environmental management systems by HSE specialists has a vital role in the prevention of occupational diseases, industrial accidents and environmental degradation, especially in complex industries such as oil, gas, petrochemicals, nuclear, ports and shipping industries.

Gas and petrochemical industries in Assaluyeh produce various types of pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, O3, NOx, SOx, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sulfide hydrogen (H2S), heavy metals and hazardous air pollutants (HAP) including nickel, chromium, cadmium and selenium, benzene, hexane, toluene, xylene, propylene and naphthalene, which have irreparable effects on ecosystem, environment and human health. Several studies have reported the presence of hazardous pollutants such as heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in coastal sediments in the South Pars region. Studies on marine aquatic organisms such as bivalves showed high and toxic concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, lead, arsenic, sternium, tin, silver, antimony, and molybdenum). Moreover, several studies have shown extremely high concentrations of heavy metals in the trees of Assaluyeh region compared to non-polluted areas. Some studies have reported that pollen allergenicity has increased dramatically due to changes in protein profiles and the biological structure of tree pollens caused by pollutants in the gas and petrochemical industries in Assaluyeh. In addition, studies conducted in residents of Assaluyeh showed that urinary levels of heavy metals such as arsenic, vanadium, manganese and nickel are significantly higher than those in the controls. The prevalence of asthma, nasal allergy and eczema is also higher in Assaluyeh region than that in other cities of Iran.

Tangistan county now is considered as one of the foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Bushehr province. Rodents are the main parasites reservoir of this disease (leishmania major) and so far four of them have been identified as the main reservoirs of the disease in the country.The aim of thissurvey was to identification of rodents species and determine the extent of contamination to Leishmania in Tangistan county.
This study was a cross-sectional and descriptive. Rodents were collected by using live traps in different parts of the county. The captured rodents were identified regarding to morphological characteristics and valid detection keys.The captured rodents were anesthetized with chloroform and 2 smears were prepared by sanding method from the each ear and after drying smears fixed by the Methanol. smears was stained by the standard Giemsa method and examined under the light microscope.
From the total of 187 collected rodents, 9 species were identified. Tatera indica with 70.6% was the dominant species.In this study,there were no rodents contaminated with Leishmania.All captured rodents were contaminated with lice and fleas. Most ectoparasites were fleas with two detected species, xenopsylla cheopis and xenopsylla astia.
Regarding to the high frequency of Tatera indica in this county,and also this fact that this species was reported as the main reservoir of cutaneous leishmaniasis in southwestern of Iran in past studies, it can play an important role for zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis )ZCL) in the future.

Life expectancy continues to increase and Iran’s older population grows dramatically. Old age is the strongest risk factor for developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hence, effective lipid management can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
Between March 2013 and October 2014, a total of 3000 men and women aged ≥ 60 years, residing in Bushehr, Iran who participated in Bushehr Elderly Health (BEH) program were evaluated for dyslipidemia. Serum lipid levels in fasting state were measured using Selectra 2 auto analyzer. The cut-offs of cardiovascular risks were derived from the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines in the United States (Adult Treatment Panel [ATP] III).
The prevalence rates for hypercholesterolemia (≥ 200 mg/dl), high LDL-cholesterol (≥ 130 mg/dl), low HDL-cholesterol ( Dyslipidemia is a prevalent abnormality among Bushehr‘s older population. Therefore, interventional measures for lipid management are suggested for this population.

Asthma and allergic diseases are raised as a major health problem. The prevalence of these diseases are increasing in Iran and all over the world. Based on this, the present study assessed to prevalence of these diseases in Assalouyeh region, Bushehr Province.
Material and This study was performed on 190 school children aged 6-7 years and 223 girl student aged 13-14 years in Assalouyeh city in 2014 based on ISAAC standard questionnaires Phase I and III which examined prevalence and risk factors for these diseases.
The prevalence of atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis and asthma among 6-7 year-old students were 11.6%, 13.7% and 5.8%, respectively. While, the prevalence of these diseases among 13-14 year-old students were 14.3%, 21.5% and 15.2%, respectively. Also, there were a significant association between risk factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, pet keeping, consumption of fast and sea foods with prevalence of these diseases (P Asthma and allergic diseases were high among school children in Assalouyeh and it seems that this increasing prevalenc can be associated with risk factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, pet keeping, consumption of fast and sea foods.

There is a controversial evidence about adiponectin role in cardiovascular diseases and visfatin role has been suggested in pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. A total of 378 postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in Bushehr Port. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease was assessed by using the Minnesota Code with a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (EKG). Serum adiponectin and visfatin levels were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay A total of 159 patients (41.8 percent) were suffering from ischemic heart disease. There was no significant difference between women with ischemic heart disease and healthy postmenopausal women in adiponectin serum level. However, diabetic women with ischemic heart disease, compared with healthy postmenopausal women had a higher level of visfatin (Geometric Mean: 3.05±1.84 ng/ml versus 2.52±1.90 ng/ml, respectively; p=0.023). Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that higher serum levels of visfatin were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of ischemic heart disease after adjusting for potential confounders, including classical cardiovascular risk factors and circulating hs-CRP levels [odds ratio=3.26, confidence interval (1.14-9.68), p=0.027]. Adiponectin was not correlated with ischemic heart disease among postmenopausal women. But visfatin serum level correlated with ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal non-diabetic women independently from cardiovascular risk factors.

There is growing evidence that supports oxidized LDL particles may have an ability to inhibit osteoblastic activity, and increase osteoclastic activity; hence these particles may lead the balance to osteoporosis. However, the relationship between oxidized LDL and osteoporosis has not been investigated in human studies yet. The main aim of the current population-based cohort study was to investigate the correlation between serum levels of oxidized LDL and bone mineral density (BMD) among postmenopausal women.
A total of 378 healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in the port city of Bushehr, Iran. Serum levels of oxidized LDL, MDA-oxidised LDL, osteoprotegerin (OPG), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), CrossLaps, and osteocalcin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the femoral neck and lumbar spine at baseline and at follow-up 5.8 years later.
Annual bone loss was 0.82 % at the femoral neck and 3.55% at the lumbar spine among the women. No significant correlation was found among circulating MDA- oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidised LDL and biomarkers of bone metabolism (P>0.05). There was no correlation between MDA- oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidised LDL and BMD at all anatomic sites (P>0.05). In logistic regression analysis, neither oxidized LDL levels nor antibodies against oxidized LDL predicted incident lumbar or spine osteoporosis 5.8 years later.
Neither serum levels of MDA-oxidized LDL nor antibodies against oxidized LDL was associated with BMD at the lumbar or femoral neck area. Neither serum levels of oxidized LDL levels nor circulating antibodies against oxidized LDL predicted incident osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.

Although the association between oxidized LDL particles and cardiovascular diseases has been shown in different studies, the role of oxidized LDL for cardiovascular diseases in menopause is very limited. The main aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between MDA-oxidised LDL, antibodies against oxidized LDL and ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction among postmenopausal women.
A total of 378 healthy, postmenopausal women were randomly selected from 13 clusters in the port city of Bushehr, Iran. Serum oxidized LDL and MDA-oxidised LDL levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. The prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) was assessed using the Minnesota Code with a 12-lead resting electrocardiogram (EKG). The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP), Adult Treatment Panel III was used to assign the subjects to different levels of cardiovascular risk for lipid profile.
There was a significant difference for circulating oxidized LDL between subjects who had high LDL-cholesterol or high total cholesterol levels with normal postmenopausal women (P Although no relationship was found between IHD EKG and oxidized LDL, the significant association between myocardial infarction and circulating oxidized LDL may suggest a potential pathogenesis role for oxidized LDL in the development of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques.

According to World Health Organization, aggression is one of the most serious problems in nations’ general health. The current study was aimed to investigate the predictive factors of aggressive behaviors in guidance and high school male students, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Material and A total of 457 guidance and high school male students from Sanandaj city were randomly selected. They were asked to complete a questionnaire included questions about attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, intention, and aggressive behavior. The questionnaire was validated by the researcher, beforehand. Pearson correlation coefficient and Linear and Ordinal Multivariate Regression was used to investigate the predictability of the constructs of the theory for intention and behavior.
The participants’ age range was from 12 to 17 year (mean, 14.70). %35.5 of the participants reported no physical aggression and %26.9 of them reported no verbal aggression during the last month. Linear regression showed that the theory components, all together, could predict %50.2 of the intended physical aggressive behavior, and %73.3 of the intended verbal aggressive behavior. Moreover, the perceived behavior control was the most predictive construct for intended aggression. The results, also, revealed that the theory components, all together, could predict %36.3 of the verbal aggressive behavior, and %21.1 of the physical aggressive behavior. The results, also showed that, intended behavior was the most predictive construct for the verbal aggressive behavior, and that perceived behavior control was the most predictive construct for physical aggression.
As, during physical aggression, people feel less control on their behavior; and their verbal aggression is affected by their attitudes, paying attention to these constructs could result into decreasing adolescents’ aggression. In other words, taking part in workshops aimed to increasing behavior control and attitude improvement could help adolescents to control their behavior and to avoid aggressive behaviors.

Background and Adsorption is considered as one of the promising treatment methods for removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The aim of this study was to determine the efficiency of Padina sanctae crucis in removal of manganese (Mn) from aqueous solutions.
Biosorption was studied in a series of batch experiments at room temperature and the effects of experimental parameters such as biosorbent dose (0.1-10 g/L), contact time (3–120 min), pH (3, 5, 7, 8) and initial Mn concentration (0.5–100 mg/L) were studied.
The highest removal biosorption of Mn was reached at 5 g/L biosorbent dose, 20 min contact time, and 20 mg/L initial Mn concentration (100% removal). Langmuir model was better fitted than Freundlich model that showed homogeneous biosorption surface and the possibility of monolayer biosorption of Mn by biosorbent. The biosorption kinetics was controlled by the pseudo-second order.
According to the results, Padina sanctae crucis could be used as an effective and low-cost biosorbent for Mn removal from aqueous solutions.

M u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y d e s i g n o p t i m i z a t i o n (M D O), a n d i t s a p p l i c a t i o n f o r o p t i m i z i n g e n g i n e e r i n g s y s t e m s i n t h e f o r m o f d e s i g n o f f i c e s b a s e d o n c o l l a b o r a t i v e o p t i m i z a t i o n, i s u n d e r t a k e n i n t h i s r e s e a r c h. I n r e c e n t d e c a d e s, h e u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y D e s i g n O p t i m i z a t i o n m e t h o d h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d f o r c o m p l e x s y s t e m s a s a n e w f i e l d o f e n g i n e e r i n g d e a l i n g w i t h o p t i m i z a t i o n m e t h o d s a n d m o d e r n d e s i g n. T h i s m e t h o d o l o g y w a s f i r s t i n t r o d u c e d i n 1991, w h e n S u b i s k y w r o t e a n i n s p i r i n g a r t i c l e o n m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y d e s i g n o p t i m i z a t i o n a s a n e w d e s i g n m e t h o d c a p a b l e o f m e e t i n g t h e n e e d s o f t h e d e s i g n e r. T h u s, t h e S u b i s k y a r t i c l e c a n b e s e e n a s t h e s t a r t i n g p o i n t i n a p p l i c a t i o n o f m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y d e s i g n o p t i m i z a t i o n t o e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s. a n d i s s t i l l r e f e r r e d t o i n t h e m a j o r i t y o f s c h o l a r l y a r t i c l e s, T h e v a r i e t y o f d i s c i p l i n e s i n v o l v e d i n e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n, e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e a e r o s p a c e i n d u s t r y, a l o n g w i t h i n t e n s e c o m p e t i t i o n i n t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l m a r k e t p l a c e, h a s f o r c e d d e s i g n e r s t o e m p l o y m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y d e s i g n m e t h o d s, a n d t o g i v e m o r e a t t e n t i o n t o o p t i m i z a t i o n a s a n i n e v i t a b l e n e c e s s i t y i n t o d a y's e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n. M u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y d e s i g n o p t i m i z a t i o n i s o f v a s t s c o p e, c o v e r i n g a l l d e s i g n o p t i m i z a t i o n m e t h o d s, s e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s, a p p r o x i m a t e c o n c e p t s, d a t a p r o c e s s i n g a n d m a n a g e m e n t m e t h o d s, a n d s t r a t e g i e s, a d d r e s s i n g m u l t i p l e d i s c i p l i n e s a n d t h e i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s b e t w e e n t h e m i n a n i n t e g r a t e d d e s i g n s t r u c t u r e. O n e o f t h e v a r i o u s m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a r y o p t i m i z a t i o n m e t h o d s i s t h e c o l l a b o r a t i v e o p t i m i z a t i o n m e t h o d. T h i s i s a m u l t i-l e v e l o p t i m i z a t i o n m e t h o d w h i c h f i r s t s e p a r a t e s t h e p r o b l e m s i n t o t w o d i s t i n c t l e v e l s, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e d i s c i p l i n e s i n v o l v e d, a n d t h e n s o l v e s t h e m. T h i s m e t h o d s o l v e s a n e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m, c a l l e d t h e o p t i m u m d e s i g n o f a S p e e d R e d u c e r g e a r u n i t, a n d p r o v i d e s a p r o b l e m a n a l y z i n g m e t h o d, a p r o b l e m o p t i m i z a t i o n p r o c e d u r e a t d i s c i p l i n e l e v e l, a n d p r o b l e m o p t i m i z a t i o n a t t h e s y s t e m l e v e l. A l s o, i t i s i l l u s t r a t e d t h a t t h i s m e t h o d i s a n a p p r o p r i a t e t e c h n i q u e f o r s o l v i n g c o m p l i c a t e d p r o b l e m s w i t h l a r g e d e s i g n s p a c e. T h e s e i n c l u d e p r o b l e m s i n t r o d u c e d i n t h e a e r o s p a c e i n d u s t r y i n t h e f o r m o f d e s i g n o f f i c e s a n d t h e i r d i v i s i o n i n t o r e l a t e d d i s c i p l i n e s. T h e p u r p o s e o f t h i s a r t i c l e i s t o e l a b o r a t e o n t h e m e t h o d i n q u e s t i o n, i n c l u d i n g t h e w a y i t i s u s e d i n t h e w o r k c y c l e o f d e s i g n o f f i c e s, a n d d e m o n s t r a t e, v i a a n a c t u a l p r o b l e m s o l v i n g p r o c e d u r e, h o w i t c a n b e e m p l o y e d t o s o l v e c o m p l i c a t e d e n g i n e e r i n g p r o b l e m s.

Ethnopharmacology has been seen as a multidisciplinary approach for novel drug discovery by providing valuable data about medicinal plants in different cultures. The aim of this ethnopharmacological study was to identify medicinal plants of the Zirrah (Touz)/Dashtestan/Bushehr province in the North of Persian Gulf. The medical uses of medicinal plants were gathered from 23 local informants by face to face interviews. The relative frequency of citation (FRC) and cultural importance (CI) indices were calculated. A total of 131 medicinal plants belonging to 62 families were identified. Malva sylvestris, Zataria multiflora, Terminalia chebula, Cuminum cyminum, Foenicum vulgare, Olivera decumbens, Echium amoenum, Teucriuma polium, Cannabis sativa and Papaver somniferum had the highest cultural importance indices. Ducrosia anethifolia Bioss, Nigella sativa, Capparis spinosa and Urtica dioica had the highest FRC indices. The highest medical uses were for gastrointestinal diseases, gynecological diseases and dermatological uses, infectious diseases, nature of cool and metabolic disorders, respectively. There is a vast variety of medicinal plants in Zirrah (Touz)/Dashtestan/Bushehr province. Although most of therapeutic applications of these plants in the Zirrah (Touz)/Dashtestan/Bushehr province are the same as Iran’s traditional medicine, but the people of this region use some of these plants for some diseases which are unique for this area. Thus, investigation about these plants should be initiated to discover novel drugs for clinical applications.

Collaborative optimization is one of bi-level multidisciplinary optimization methods which consists of system level and discipline level and is applied for complex engineering problems. since this method is rigidly convergent at discipline level because of noisy constraints at system level on one hand and minimizing objective function necessity at system level on the other hand, this optimizationmethod is forced to use evolutionary algorithms in order to minimize objective function at system level, also, It has been proved that, applying this algorithms according to their nature is expensive and time consuming. This paper with performed inspections is a new method for applying innovated optimization algorithms through which considerable results are obtained in solving sample problems. It is shown that using this method will decrease function calls number or problem solving time and therefore calculating costs will decrease considerably. Also it is shown that this method sometimes increase accuracy.

Low circulating IGF-1 and high hs-CRP may be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Hence, it is an important question that is there any correlation between these important biomarkers? Since the correlation between IGF-1 and hs-CRP has not been adequately investigated, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the association between these biomarkers among postmenopausal women. A total of 361 healthy Iranian postmenopausal women were randomly selected in a population-based study. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to NCEP, ATPIII criteria. Circulating hs-CRP and IGF-1 levels were measured by highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Women with higher than median hs-CRP levels had lower IGF-1 levels, in comparison to women with lower than median hs-CRP levels (p<0.0001). In multiple regression analysis, after adjustment for age and the metabolic syndrome, IGF-1 levels had a significant inverse correlation with circulating hs-CRP levels (β=-0.139, p<0.007). After adjustment for age, body mass index and type 2 diabetes mellitus, IGF-1 levels also showed an inverse correlation with hs-CRP levels (β=-0.130, p<0.014). There is a significant inverse correlation between serum IGF-1 and hs-CRP levels in postmenopausal women. This finding provides evidence of the potential cardioprotective effect of IGF-1 via anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

Overweight and obesity are risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence and 6-year incidence of obesity and overweight in adults through the prospective study of the Persian Gulf Healthy Heart Study. In the first phase of the study which was started from 2003, totally 3735 people aged 25 years and more from Bushehr, Genaveh and Deylam cities participated. In the second phase which was conducted in 2009, 1856 people (49.7%) of them were investigated again. Demographic data and the information about obesity and overweight were collected through personal interview. The crude prevalence of obesity and overweight and the age and gender adjusted rates were calculated by using direct standardization method for both phases of the study. Crude prevalence of obesity in the first and second phases of the study were 26.5 % (25%-27.8%) and 30.5% (28.4%-32.7%), respectively. The crude prevalence of overweight in two phases of the study were 39.8% (38.2%-41.3%) and 43.4% (41.1%-45.7%), respectively. The standardized prevalence of obesity in two phases of the study were 27.2% (25.8%-28.6%) and 29.6% (27.4%- 31.8%) respectively and the standardized prevalence of overweight were 40% (38.4%-41.6%) and 42.8% (40.3%-45.31%), respectively. The 6 year incidence rate of obesity and overweight were 9.12% (7.13%-11.46%) and 29.81% (24.86%-35.13%) in men and 13.96% (11.35%-16.92%) and 29.18% (23.43%-35.47%) in women, respectively. The incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity in Bushehr province is significantly high. It is recommended to conduct more studies to determine the contributing factors and ways of controlling this trend and also to prevent the related diseases in future.

Swimming is highly recommended because of its potentially beneficial effects on the joints and people’s general sense of well-being. But unfortunately the discharing of urban and industrial wastewaters into sea with their high level of pathogens, heavy metals and other pollutants, increase concerns about its consequences on swimmers’ health and ecology. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial and chemical quality of Persian Gulf Sea beaches in Bushehr port and compare it to the existing standards. In this study, 30 samples were taken from the beaches at TV-Park, Daneshjo-Park and Eskele-Jofreh, in August 2012. The mean values of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, pseudomonas, HPC, heavy metals and BOD were determined by standard methods. The mean values of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and pseudomonas along Bushehr port beaches were 540, 165.56 and 6 MPN/100ml respectively.The mean value of HPC was 1580.66 CFU/ml. Also the mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and BOD were 0.1676, 0.013, 0.025, 0.0016, 0.039, 0 and 21.3 mg/l respectively. The results showed that the mean values of indicator microorganisms in all stations were higher than the existing standards and the mean concentration of heavy metals were lower than the existing standard, which indicates higher pollution more due to urban wastewater compare to industrial wastewater. Therefore Bushehr port beaches are contaminated considering indicator bacteria measurments that can be dangerous for swimmers health.

The date palm cultivation has a long history in Bushehr province. Throughout the recent decade; the dusts, in addition to direct harmful effects on humans, have adverse effects on health of the population living in this area. The infestation of pests in the southern province of Bushehr has groves. Due to the importance of dates in this area, the total ash and acid insoluble ash as indexes for assessing of chemical pollution and also, mold and yeast as indicators for microbial contamination were evaluated. Recently in a number of dates packaging industries, washing the products after the harvest is done. In current study, the effects of rinsing to decrease the dust pollution on date palm along with, the time effect on the quality and durability of washed and un-washed dates were investigated. Overall, 48 washed and un-washed dates were sampled from traditional and technologically advanced packaging industries, equally, and were confirmed according to ISIRI methods. The Averages of total and acid insoluble ashes in washed date samples were:1.05±0.14 and 3.32±0.32%, and for un-washed samples were 1.36±0.27 and 4.59±1.64 percent, respectively. In all date samples were presented the yeast, however, their means were lower than the maximum limit (1×104 CFU). Also, all date samples were moldy. The Mean percentage of total ash samples in un-rinsed and rinsed dates were approximately, 1.84 and 1.33 times more than the maximum permissible limit, respectively. The mean of acid insoluble ash in all samples (100%), and 98% of total ash were higher than acceptable levels (p<0.05). The results revealed that the average percentage difference between the two groups were transpicuous, while this difference was not significant (p=0.13). Under the similar conditions, the average amount of yeast in washed date samples, were significantly different (p<0.05) and more than un-wash samples. The Mold levels in un-rinsed and rinsed samples; were 83.3 and 75% higher than the maximum permissible limit. According to the results, regardless of a decrease in amount of molds in washed samples than un-wash samples, the rinsing, was unable to eliminate the pollution, or even decreased it to acceptable levels. According to the findings, present rinsing is not an appropriate method for long storage. Observations, after one year upkeep in the same conditions, expressed that all un-washed date samples were apparently healthy, without any pests and insects. While 91.6% of the washed samples were insectivores, also their textured appearances were very unpleasant.

It is not known whether infection by a specific pathogens is associated with type 2. We examined the association between chronic infection with four pathogens (Chlaydia pneumonia, Helicopacter pylori, Herpes simplex virus type 1 and cytomegalovirus) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a general Iranian population, in the northern Persian Gulf. In a population-based study of men and women aged >25 years, a random sample of 1754 (49.2 % males, 50.8 % females) subjects were evaluated. Sera were analyzed for immunoglobulin G antibodies to C. pneumoniae, HSV-1, H. pylori, and CMV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined according to criteria of American Diabetes association. A total of 150 (8.6%) subjects had type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the diabetic group, 42% were seropositive for C. pneumoniae, 64.7% for H. pylori, 92.9% for HSV-1 and 94.7% for CMV. In multiple logistic regression analyses, seropositivity for C.pneumoniae (OR=0.89, CI: 0.60-1.34, P=0.602), H. pylori(OR= 0.95, CI: 0.64-1.41, P= 0.808), HSV-1(OR= 1.76, CI: 0.86-3.62, P=0.120), CMV(OR=0.99, CI: 0.43-2.27, P=0.982) did not show a significant independent association with type 2 diabetes mellitus after adjustment for age, sex, chronic low-grade inflammation, and cardiovascular risk factors. There was not a strong association between type 2 dibetes mellitus and prior infection with viral and bacterial pathogens that had been previously correlated with coronary artery disease as well as carotid atherosclerosis.

The determination of goiter prevalence in children by thyroid ultrasound is an important tool for assessing iodine deficiency disorders. The main aim of this study was to determine thyroid volume and goiter prevalence in schoolchildren of Bushehr port, based on 2007 normative values. A probability proportionate-to-size cluster sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 1148 school children of Bushehr port aged 7-10 years. The median and 97th percentile of thyroid volumes for age and body surface area (BSA) was measured by data of ultrasonography. The normative value of thyroid volume of the 2007 study was used as reference. The 97th percentile of thyroid volume based on age or BSA in school children was higher than the international normative reference. The age-, and BSA-adjusted mean of thyroid volume was higher in both sexes than the thyroid volume of school children in the 2007 study (p<0.0001). Application of the native thyroid volume reference resulted in a goiter prevalence of 7.57%. The thyroid volumes of schoolchildren and goiter prevalence in Bushehr port were generally high compared to the baseline data obtained 6 years ago. The environmental goiterogenic factors should be investigated in this iodine-sufficient area.

The purpose of this article is the conceptual design of a two-stage crew launch vehicle with side boosters. At first, in order to achieve a suitable design point, the statistical design technique is used, and then statistical design process is validated by using two degree of freedom simulation and doing energetic-mass calculations. Then, multidisciplinary design optimization approach is applied for initial conceptual design optimization. The preferred structure for multidisciplinary design optimization is all-at-once and Genetic Algorithm (GA) is used as the optimizer algorithm. In order to achieve more accuracy, Simplex method is employed using GA’s results as a combined algorithm. Having performed the optimization process, a mass decrease of about 4 tons from missile gross weight was attained with respect to normal simulation results, and as already known, the decrease in gross mass undeniably leads to a consequent decrease in the cost of producing and launching missiles.

There is conflicting evidence regarding adipocytokines in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporotic fractures in women and men. Recently, we found that circulating omentin-1 levels had an inverse correlation with BMD at the lumbar spine in postmenopausal women. The main aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of adipocytokines for bone loss and incident osteoporosis among postmenopausal women after a 5.8- year follow-up. A total of 382 healthy postmenopausal women who participated in a prospective cohort study were followed for 5.8 years. Omentin-1, visfatin, adiponectin, and the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) were measured by highly specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. BMD was determined for the lumbar spine (L2–L4) and the proximal femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The femoral neck and lumbar spine bone loss at the 5.8-year follow-up were 1.0% and 3.4% per year.In logistic regression analysis, none of the studied adipocytokines predicted BMD at any skeletal sites or incident osteoporosis at the femoral neck or lumbar area after 5.8 year follow-up. However, RANKL levels predicted BMD at the lumbar spine (β=−0.19, p=0.003) and femoral neck (β=-0.341, p=0.018) after controlling for body mass index. Serum levels of omentin-1, visfatin and adiponectin did not predict bone loss and incident osteoporosis among postmenopausal women.

There is accumulation evidence regarding the protective role of higher serum uric acid in bone loss and osteoprotic fractures. This effect may arise from its antioxidant properties. The main aim of this study was to investigate serum uric acid in relation to bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women. A total of 382 postmenopausal women who participated in a prospective study were selected randomly from Bushehr port. Serum uric acid levels and biochemical markers including serum alkaline phosphatase were measured. Circulating levels of CrossLaps, osteocalcin and hsCRP were also measured by ELISA. Uric acid levels had significant correlation with osteocalcin & alkaline phosphatase. However, no correlation could be found between uric acid and CrossLaps. The correlation between uric acid & osteocalcin (r= 0.25, P=0.0001) & alkaline phosphatase(r=0.12, P=0.019) remained after adjustment with age, BMI & hsCRP. Serum uric acid had a positive and significant correlation with osteoblastic born turnover markers. Hence, the role of uric acid in osteoblastic function should be investigated.