حسین زراعتی

The prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in men increases with age. Alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonists are first-line drugs for the treatment of LUTS, and tamsulosin is the drug of choice. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of tamsulosin 0.4 mg and 0.8 mg on lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia.

This double-blind clinical trial was conducted in the Urology unit of Emam Hassan Hospital in Bojnurd from May 2019 to Feb 2020. In this study, 92 patients with LUTS due to BPH were selected according to available method and randomly assigned into two groups of intervention. In the first group, patients received tamsulosin 0.4 mg and in the second group, tamsulosin 0.8 mg once daily for 8 weeks. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated using IPSS criteria before and 8 weeks after treatment. According to a checklist, side effects were evaluated during treatment. Data was analyzed based on independent t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA by SPSS software version 22. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The results showed that the two groups were not significantly different in age and duration of symptoms. According to the statistics test, there is a significant difference between the two groups in the post-treatment phase. Also, based on analysis of variance with repeated measures statistical test, there was a significant difference between and within two groups in IPSS criteria at different stages of evaluation. The prevalence of complications was (8.6%) in the first group and (11.9%) in the second group. The prevalence of complications was not significant between the two groups.

Tamsulosin is effective in reducing lower urinary tract symptoms and Tamsulosin 0.8 mg is an effective treatment regimen for the treatment of LUTS secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia in those who have not responded to 0.4 mg treatment. Drug side effects were well tolerated in patients.

 Anesthetic agents and type of surgery may lead to liver damage after surgery. Inhaled agents are associated with liver dysfunction after surgery. Propofol is expected to have a lower potential for postoperative liver damage. The present study was conducted to compare liver enzyme function after anesthesia with isoflurane and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA).

 This clinical trial was conducted on 70 patients referred to Imam Ali Hospital in Bojnord. Patients were selected using convenience sampling and then divided into TIVA and Isoflurane groups using block randomization method. During surgery, anesthesia was maintained in the isoflurane group with isoflurane gas (1.2 MAC) and in the TIVA group with infusion of propofol (100 micrograms/kg/minute) and remifentanil (0.1 micrograms/kg/minute). The levels of ALT, AST, ALP, PTT, and INR factors of the patients were examined and compared using laboratory devices before the operation, immediately, 24 and 48 hours after the operation.

 There is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic and interventional variables. ALT enzyme level in TIVA group increased from 17.6±10.7 to 21.2±14.2 and in isoflurane group from 16.7±9.4 to 28.4±16.1 (p<0.05). In other enzymes, this difference was not significant.

 The results of the study showed that the use of both TIVA and Isoflurane methods has an effect on the level of liver enzymes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery.

The benefits of reducing anxiety before the operation and effect of this reduction in recovery better, faster recovery, reduced consumption of drugs during anesthesia, better pain tolerance issue has been fixed. Lavender is a medicinal plant, that mentioned a herbal anti-anxiety effect in a number of reference books. The aim of this study was to examine the anxiolytic effect of Elettaria Cardamomum is compared with diazepam.

This randomized clinical trial, was performed patients 15-60 years undergoing orthopedic surgery at Imam Ali Hospital. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, Group A: 10 got of Elettaria Cardamomum, the second group received 5 mg diazepam. All patients received lavender, diazepam on the night before surgery. Patients anxiety were examined with tools Spielberger the night before surgery and one hour before surgery.

Based on the results of variance analysis with repeated measures, there is no significant difference between the two groups in terms of total anxiety score in the post-intervention phase.

Elettaria Cardamomum as a prodrug for the treatment of anxiety before surgery is effective as diazepam. However, due to less adverse effects and benefits of lavender extract from the plant to the medication diazepam can be used as a way to reduce anxiety before surgery did better.

Premature infants undergo a lot of stressors during treatment procedures in the neonatal intensive care units which causes significant physiological changes in these neonates. Multi-sensory stimulation is a broad category of interventions designed to improve the evolutionary and physiological outcomes of premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit to minimize stress in this environment. So, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of multi-sensory stimulation on physiological parameters in preterm infants.

This double-blind clinical trial conducted in the neonatal intensive care unit of Shahid Motahari Hospital in Jahrom from April to December 2016. In this study, 80 preterm infants with a gestational age of 34 to 36 weeks were selected by non-probability sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups of multi-sensory stimulation and control. Neonates in the intervention group received a multi-sensory stimulation program for 60 minute. The multi-sensory stimulation program was included a combination of auditory, tactile, motor and visual stimulation. The preterm infants in the control group received only usual care. The data collecting tool was a questionnaire and checklist for physiological parameters of preterm infants.

The results showed that the two groups were homogeneous in terms of fetal age, birth weight, the height of birth, first and fifth minute Apgar score of birth. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean of physiological indexes in the two groups before the intervention. Statistical tests showed that there was a decreasing trend in the average of all physiological indices during the intervention (first and second half during the intervention) (P<0.001), However, these changes were not significant in the control group (P<0.05). Also, analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures showed that there was a significant difference between changes in physiological variables between the two groups at different stages of evaluation (P<0.001).

Multi-sensory stimulation leads to a decrease in heart rate and respiratory rate and the stability of blood pressure in preterm infants.

Assessing the evolutionary process of children is a reliable means of checking their health status. Because early diagnosis of developmental disorders and timely treatment of it can prevent irreversible neurological complications and disorders. This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The research community of children aged 4 to 24 months is covered by health centers in Jahrom. Sampling was done as a simple sampling. The instrument used in this study was an Age and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ), which was completed to study growth and development by Parents. Each questionnaire has 30 questions and evaluates individual-social domains, delicate movements, large movements, communication, and problem solving. Of the 155 children ,102 cases were female (58%) and 53 cases boys (30%). The mean age of the children was 5 ± 10 months.Most children in the age range of 12 months (36 %) . The lowest score was related to communicating (52.4 ± 7.50) and the highest score was for problem solving (56.7 ± 5.01). According to the results of this study, evolutionary delay was observed in children. It is recommended that they be identified as soon as possible so that they are treated before entering school and prevent future educational, social and occupational problems.

In today's industrial life that memory problems are occurring with greater speed, man seeks to identify ways to prevent the related disorders and improve memory. Studies have shown that many drugs, including herbs, are effective in improving learning and memory.

  In this study, search was conducted using electronic databases IranMedex and SID, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed. Articles written in the period covered by these databases (1995 to 2015) which investigated the effects of herbs on memory were assessed.

The literature review showed that many plants that have effects on memory such that they can be Hemp, Figs, Garlic, Sesame seeds, Wedge, Bouzid, Marianum, Hypericum, Frankincense, Lemon balm, Dates, Olive, Blueberry, Artichoke, Fennel, Celery, Radish, Milk thistle, Red grape juice, soybeans, marjoram noted that enhance the ability to strengthen and improve memory.

Considering the fact that the human memory has essential role in his life and also scientific progress and also these plants have very little or no side effects; if effective, they can be a viable alternative to chemical drugs.

Background and Pregnancy is recognized as a stressful experience. Optimism in future gives a person a positive vision to analyze a stressful situation. Various factors are associated with optimism in pregnant women. The present study aimed to assess the demographic, obstetric, and stress factors with optimism in pregnant women.
This descriptive-correlative study was conducted in 500 pregnant women attending 20 health centers in Mashhad, Iran 2016. They were selected via multi-stage sampling. Data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, obstetrics and gynecology questionnaire, Life Orientation Test- Revised, and Perceived Stress Scale.
The mean score for optimism in pregnant women was 15.6 ± 4.0. Qualitative variables such as education of mother and spouse, housing status, income, history of labor, previous experiences of delivery and concerns about the child's gender was significantly associated with optimism in pregnant women (P There is a relationship between demographic, obstetric characteristics and perceived stress and optimism. With higher levels of optimism in pregnancy, the mothers would experience lower rates of stress.

Premature infants experience physical problems, psychological and evolutionary natural compared to other neonates, In most cases, hospitalization is inevitable in the neonatal intensive care unit. That is, the mothers suffer a lot of stress and tension. This study was conducted to determine the coping strategies Baastrs mothers with premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
In this cross-sectional, 70 mothers with premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Bentohoda Hospital, Mashhad were participated. The data collection instrument was a demographic and Brife Cope
The highest Average scores in areas related to the problem focused coping strategies were means of support and active coping, for the emotion-focused coping were religious strategy, the use of psychological support and acceptance and for dysfunctional coping strategy were unthinkable temporary problem , self-blame and denial. None of the demographic characteristics were not significantly associated with maternal coping styles.
Most styles of coping in mothers of preterm infants has been positive. instrumental support and religion As important strategies for in coping with stress induced premature birth. Thus providing social and psychological strategies for emotional support mothers of premature infants hospitalized in the intensive care unit infants seem necessary.

Background and High and long-lasting anxiety often associated with physiological responses such as increased metabolism, decreased immunity and increased cardiovascular work as well as the important relationship between anxiety and mortality are then suggests the importance of this disorder as a matter of public health and wellbeing.
In this study, articles via electronic search by entering keywords to databases Iranmedex and SID, googlescholar, Sciencedirect, pubmed of the period covered by the bank until 2015, respectively. The articles in the period 1995 to 2012 to investigate the effects of herbs on anxiety, respectively, were reviewed.
Methods and Materials: In this study, articles via electronic search by entering keywords to databases Iranmedex and SID, googlescholar, Sciencedirect, pubmed of the period covered by the bank until 2015, respectively. The articles in the period 1995 to 2015 to investigate the effects of herbs on anxiety, respectively, were reviewed.
The literature review showed that in traditional medicine, anxiolytic and sedative properties are the plants that have been mentioned. Studies on valerian, lavender, marianum, cassia, roses, gum, pistachio, lime, Hypericum, fennel, chamomile, spinach and sour orange These plants have shown that anxiolytic effects are, however, given that on all plants are enough studies have been done cannot be accurately compared the effectiveness of our anxiety
Considering the high prevalence of anxiety is the result of modern life style sedative and anxiolytic properties or plant after studies required if you have enough influence can be a viable alternative to drugs.

Aims and Post operative nausea and vomiting is one of the most common complications after surgery. The newest drug for induction and maintenance of anesthesia is propofol. Its consumption due to the rapid onset, short duration of action, Anti-nausea and vomiting property and comfortable feeling after surgery is on the rise.
In this clinical trial, 90 patients undergoing general surgery were randomly divided into three groups. In the first group induction-dose was 1/5mg/kg propofol, in the second group, induction-dose was 2 mg/kg propofol and in the third group, 2/5mg/kg propofol was used. Based on self-reporting scale and frequency of vomiting, the evaluation condidering the severity and incidence of nausea and vomiting was done in three stages: Exactly after the surgery, and 2 and 6 hours afterwards. Data was analyzed by Spss software.
Findings: The results showed that considering age, gender, duration of NPO time, and operation time, no significant difference was found among the three groups. Based on one-way analysis of variance there was no significant difference between groups in severity and incidence of nausea and vomiting.
Propofol has positive effect incontrolling nausea and vomiting after surgery in different doses. Therefore, administration of Propofol (with divided doses and without the need for pumps) is simple and cheap.

The birth of a premature infant is associated with long – term hospitalization and separation from family. Hospitalization of the infant affects the attachment between the infant and mother and affects the quality of care given to the infant by mother and increases the risk of delayed behavioral problems. Therefore, the present study aims to analyze the effect of family-centered care program on maternal attachment in mothers of premature infants.
In this clinical trial, 60 mothers of premature infants with gestational age of 30 to 36 weeks, hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit of Motahari Hospital were selected using convenient non-probability sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention (30 mothers in each group). The family-centered care program was performed on intervention group in three steps: In the beginning of infant care, before the fourth day of hospitalization and before discharge, while the control group was only under the usual care. The level of maternal attachment was measured using Avant's mother-infant attachment behavior questionnaire and each dimension of attachment behavior was scored from 0 to maximum based on care (45), proximity (45) and emotional (37) behavior (IRCT: 2017021914454N3)
FINDINGS: The total score of maternal attachment increased from 34.3±5.1 to 61.6±4.5 in intervention group and increased from 33.1±4.2 to 37.8±3.7 in control group. There is a significant difference between the two groups in terms of total score of attachment between mother and premature infant (p Results of the study demonstrated that implementation of family-centered care program increases the attachment between mother and infant more than common infant-care methods.

Backgrounds and Eye examination for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) screening is a painful procedure that causes behavioral changes in premature infants. Multisensory stimulation is a non-pharmacological analgesic method, which affects the behavior measures during painful procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of multisensory stimulation on infant behavior during an eye examination for ROP screening.
Material & In this single blind randomized clinical trial, eighty premature from Khatamolanbya hospital in Mashhad at July 2014were divided randomly into two groups. In the intervention group, multisensory stimulation was performed 15 minutes before the start of the examination and the control group received standard care. Infant behaviors were recorded at 30 seconds intervals; before, during, and after eye examination. Data were analyzed by independent t test and repeated measures ANOVA using the SPSS version 14 software.
53.2% of the babies were girls and 46.8% were boys. The mean gestational age of multisensory stimulation was 30.6±1.8 weeks and the normal group was 30/6 ± 8/1 weeks. Behavioral status was significantly different in both groups during the evaluation (p Multisensory stimulation program causes lower changes in behavioral status, and can be used as a way to reduce behavioral changes during an eye examination in infants.

nausea and vomiting are one of the most common and unpleasant side effects of surgery and anesthesia, which causes spasms, aspiration, need more medicine. The researchers said several drugs and methods to reduce any adverse affects caused it.
In this double blind clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing general participated. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1- adequate intraoperative fluid therapy-, Group two- pharmacological intervention with dexamethasone 0.1 mg per kg of body weight along with induction of anesthesia- and group three - without prophylactic intervention-. Based on self-reporting scale, the severity and incidence of nausea and vomiting evaluating in three stages- After surgery , 2 and 6 hours after surgery -. the data were analyzed with Spss software.
Result showed that the three groups are homogeneous in terms of confounding variables. According one-way ANOVA, the difference between severity and incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly different among the three groups in the recovery phase, So that based on post hoc test the difference between the control and fluid therapy with dexamethasone group was significant, And both dexamethasone and fluid therapy are not significant differences in terms of these variables together.
Adequate fluid therapy can reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery

Introduction and Aims Anxiety has a negative effect on wound healing and tissue repair. Energy expenditure during mental and physical stress of anxiety can lead to prolonged hospital stay and delayed in discharge. One method of reducing anxiety is the use of medicinal plants, in this study efficacy of Nardostachys jatamansi root extract versus oral diazepam on pre-operative anxiety in orthopedic surgery is used.
Materials and Methods This study was a randomized clinical trial on 60 orthopedics patients in Imam Ali hospital of Bojnurd. Patients were divided to two groups 1- valerian (530mg capsules Sedamine) 2-control group. Anxiety (using addition, Berger Anxiety Inventory) and vital signs of patients were measured in orthopedic ward and operating room at the night before and the morning of surgery.
Results The results showed that before intervention, anxiety scores in the intervention group was 46.3±11.9 and in the control group was 50.2±5.0. At this stage there is no significant difference between anxiety scores between the two groups (P=0.30). After the intervention, the mean anxiety score in the intervention group was 36.2±8.9 and in the control group was 46.9±6.1, that there is a significant difference between two groups (P=0.005).
Conclusion Valerian improves patients’ anxiety before surgery, which can be used as a good alternative to anti-anxiety drugs.

One of the most common and unpleasant side effects of surgery and anesthesia are nausea and vomiting, which causes spasms, aspiration and demand for drugs. The researchers suggest several drugs and methods to be able to reduce its complications.
Compare adequate intraoperative fluid therapy with Ondansetron on the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting after general surgery
In this double blind clinical trial, 120 patients undergoing general surgery participated. Patients were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1- adequate intraoperative fluid therapy-, Group two- pharmacological intervention with Ondansetron 0.06 mg per kg of body weight - and group three - without prophylactic intervention-. the severity and incidence of nausea and vomiting evaluating Based on self-reporting scale in three stages - After surgery , 2 and 6 hours after surgery -. the data were analyzed with Spss software.
The results showed that the three groups were similar in terms of intervening variables.. According one-way ANOVA, severity and incidence of nausea and vomiting were significantly different among the three groups in the recovery phase.
Adequate fluid therapy can reduce the incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery.

Waiting for surgery is one of the stressful environmental factors for each patient. Anxiety caused by waiting could have adverse effects on patient treatment and recovery process. Given the complications caused by management of anxiety through pharmaceutical methods, application of complementary medicine is of paramount importance. This study aimed to compare the effects of lavender and diazepam on anxiety level of patients before orthopedic surgery.
This clinical trial was conducted on patients undergoing orthopedic surgery, who referred to one of the teaching hospitals of Bojnord, Iran, in 2015. In total, 60 patients were selected through randomized convenience sampling and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group received 300 mg of lavender extract, whereas the control group orally consumed 5 mg diazepam before the surgery. Anxiety level of patients was measured one night and one hour before the surgery using Spielberger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Data analysis was performed in SPSS, version 16, using paired t-test, Fisher’s exact test, Chi-square, and independent t-test.
In this study, mean anxiety level of the intervention group changed from 9.8±6.0 to 76.2±5.5 (P According to the results of this study, similar to diazepam, lavender can diminish anxiety level in patients before orthopedic surgery. It is recommended that lavender be used before surgeries to decrease anxiety level since herbal medicine is associated with less complications compared to diazepam.

Low birthweight is one the common problems of infants and one of the main health indicators of a society. Weight is one the major determinants of physical and mental development in infants, particularly preterm infants. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of multisensory stimulation on weight gain of preterm infants.
In this double-blind clinical trial, 80 preterm infants born at 32-36 weeks gestational age, were randomly divided into two groups (control and multisensory stimulation). The intervention group received multisensory stimulation program consisting of 12-minute daily sessions, 5 times a week until the day of discharge and the control group received only the usual care. Infants were weighed every day until the day of discharge (IRCT registration code: 2016073114454N2).
FINDINGS: No significant difference was observed between the two groups of preterm infants in terms of gestational age, birthweight and sex. The difference between mean weight gain on the first day and the day of discharge was 131.6±10.1 g in the intervention group and 58.9±10.2 g in the control group. The difference between the two groups was significant (p The Results of the study revealed that using multisensory stimulation for weight gain of preterm infants is a cost-effective and effective method.

Background and Pre-operative anxiety is associated with a high incidence of postoperative pain, increased consumption of narcotics and anesthetics, delayed recovery and discharge of patients from hospital. Due to the effect of some medicinal plants have anxiolytic and sedative, this study aimed to compare the effect of cinnamon oil plant with oral diazepam on anxiety in patients before the surgery was performed.
Methods and Materials: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients 60-15 years old referred Imam Ali hospital Bojnoord, were divided randomly into two groups. At 21 the night before surgery, group 1, 10 drops of cinnamon juice oral and group 2, diazepam (5 mg) were mixed in 50 ml of tap water, were administrated. The Spielberger anxiety questionnaire were recorded before intervention and one hour before surgery. Data were analyzed using statistical tests.
In this study, the cinnamon group were 83.3% male and 16.7% female and diazepam group were , 76.6% male and 23.3% female. The Manifest and hidden anxiety reduced from 49.6±5.5 and 50.4±6.1 to 38.2±5.9 and 38.1±5.9 in the first group and 50.2±5.0 and 49.8±5.8 to 40.9±6.1 and 39.1±5.5 in the second group. compared two groups showed no significant difference.
According to the results, cinnamon can reduce anxiety in patients undergoing surgery and can be used as a pre-medication drug.

Eye examination for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening is a painful procedure, which may cause changes in the facial expression and behavior of premature neonates. Multi-sensory stimulation is a non-pharmacological and anti-pain formulation known to affect the behavioral norms of neonates during painful procedures. This study aimed to determine the effects of multi-sensory stimulation on the facial expression of premature neonates undergoing eye examination for ROP screening. This single-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 premature neonates randomly divided into two groups: The intervention group, who received multi-sensory stimulation including the stimulation of taste, touch, sight and smell, and the control group, who received standard care. The facial expression of each neonate was recorded based on the scoring criteria of Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) before, during and after performing the eye examination (IRCT:1N2014100119359). The mean gestational age of the neonates in the intervention and control groups was 30.4±1.7 and 30.6±1.8 weeks, respectively. The mean scores of facial expression changes during the eye examinations were 2.8±2.6 and 6.4±2.5 in the intervention group and control group, respectively (p<0.001). Immediately after performing the eye examinations, facial expression scores of the studied neonates in the intervention group and control groups were recorded as 2.2±2.1 and 5.2±2.9, respectively. According to the results of this study, multi-sensory stimulation was able to reduce the manifestations of facial expression in the studied neonates. Therefore, this method could be used to diminish these manifestations in neonates during painful examinations.

Background and Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening is a painful procedure that causes physiological changes in premature infants. Multisensory stimulation is a non-pharmacological analgesic method which affects physiologic measures during painful procedures. This study aimed at determining the effect of multisensory stimulation on heart rate during screening examination of premature infants for ROP. A single blind randomized clinical trial was carried out in July 2014, in which 80 premature infants in Mashhad Khatamolanbya Hospital were randomly divided into two groups. In the intervention group, multisensory stimulation was administered 15 minutes before the start of the examination while the control group received standard care. Heart rates of infants were recorded at 30 seconds intervals, before, during, and after eye examination in a researcher made check list for physiological characteristics. Data was analyzed by independent t test and repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS ver.14. The infants were 53.8% girls and 46.2% boys. The mean gestational ages of the intervention and control groups were 30.4±1.7and 30.6 ± 1.8 weeks, respectively. Significant differences were seen between the two groups in heart rate during evaluation (P<0.001). Also, there were significant changes in heart rate during the examination (P<0.001) which were found to be higher in the control group. Multisensory stimulation program leads to a small increase in heart rate, therefore, it is useful in reducing the rate of physiologic changes during ROP screening.

Eye examination for screening of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)، as a painful procedure، causes physiological changes in premature infants. Multisensory stimulation is a non-pharmacological analgesic method which affects physiological measures during painful procedures.

To determine the effect of multisensory stimulation on oxygen saturation in premature infants during eye examinations

In this single-blind randomized clinical trial، 80 premature infants in Khatamolanbya hospital of Mashhad in 2014 were randomly divided into two groups of “control” and “multisensory stimulation”. In the intervention group، multisensory stimulation was administered 15 minutes before the start of the examination and the control group received standard care. Arterial oxygen saturation of each infant was recorded at 30-second intervals before، during، and after eye examination in a researcher-built checklist and a physiological characteristics form. Data were analyzed by independent t-test، Mann-Whitney، and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS version 11. 5.

The mean gestational age of multisensory stimulation group was 30. 4±7. 1 and the control group was 30. 6 ± 8. 1 weeks. Based on the analysis of variance with repeated measures، arterial blood oxygen saturation was significantly different in both groups during the evaluation (p<0. 001); which was 92. 6±3. 5 in the intervention group and 90. 1±2. 0 in the control group during eyes examinations. Changes in oxygen saturation during the examination was significant in the two groups (p<0. 001).

Multisensory stimulation program causes smaller reduction in oxygen saturation. Multisensory stimulation can be used as a way to reduce physiological changes during eye examination.