فهرست مطالب حسین سبزی

In the present study Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica F. & C. M.) landraces that collected from different parts of Iran, were evaluated in nine dryland agricultural research stations in mainly fall planting during 2010 to 2019. At the beging, three Dragon’s head landraces belong to Zanjan, Kurdestan and West Azarbaijane proviences evaluated in Maraghe (cold region) agricultural research station in 2010 and Sararood (semi-cold region) agricultural research station in 2010 and 2012 under rainfed condition, then superior genotypes selected. Twelve landraces were evaluated for adaptation in eight cold, semi-cold and warm agricultural research stations including: Sararood (Kermanshah), Maragheh (East Azarbaijan), Ghamloo (Kurdestan), Gachsaran (Kohgiluieh and Boierahmad), Shirvan (North Khorasan), Shirvan Chardavol (Ilam), Sarabchangaee (Lorestan) and Khodabandeh (Zanjan) under rainfed condition durind three years, 2014-2017. Results showed that, Kurdestan genotype had the highest seed yield, the best rank and the lowest rank standard deviation among all landraces. Onfarm trials conducted in Kermanshah, Lorestan and Zanjan farmer’s fields revealed that in total, Sara veraiety (Kurdestan genotype) had the highest performance and yield stability in most of locations. Overall, Sara variety with average of 42% oil content, high seed and oil yield (929 and 392 kgha-1 respectively) and high oil quality (the highest omega3 among oilseed crops) was suitable crop for fall planting in cold, semi-cold and warm drylands of Iran. Results from Gonbad agricultural research station showed that all genotypes at the beginning of generative growth stage infected to Fusarium culmorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Alternaria solani diseases and had the low performance therefore, growing Dragon’s head under high rain and moderate climates such as Gonbad is not recommended. Results of complementary studies showed that Sara variety had 42% oil content and 62.87% linolenic acid, also 400 plants m-2 was the best plant density.

Culture, as a software aspect of power, has always been the most influential among the components of power and is considered one of the most fundamental requirements for the defense power of any country. Cultural power, while being a means of defense and conquest, can influence other components of power and strengthen or weaken it. And this importance is evident in the documents and orders of the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Supreme Leader. The main purpose of this article is to formulate strategies for gaining the superior defense power of the region in the field of culture based on document 1404 and factors and indicators related to it. Descriptive and inferential methods have been used in this research. The statistical population includes experts in cultural and defense affairs, and the sample size is 60 people. Based on this, by using the SWOT analysis method, each of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats were identified according to the internal and external environment of the country and appropriate strategies were selected, and by using the TOPSIS method, strategies were prioritized and finally 8 superior strategies in the field of culture were selected and suggested, and the analysis shows that we are in an aggressive mode in terms of the superior defense power of the region in the cultural field. Therefore, it can be concluded that the first strategy is considered the most appropriate strategy. Therefore, the most appropriate strategy for the cultural dimension of the superior defense power is to connect the current and future generations of the country with the proud generation of the Islamic Revolution through the explanation of the theoretical foundations and epistemology and the development of the experiences gained from the culture of sacred defense with proper planning for conceptualization. It is for posterity

The main goal of the mostly soybean breeding programs is selection of desirable genotypes with high yield and stability. Genotype × environment interactions for quantitative traits such as grain yield cause genotypes to have not similar relative yields in different environments. In many statistical methods that have been used to determine yield stability and adaptability of cultivars, some basic assumptions of stability analysis such as nonlinear response of genotype and environment and dependence of environmental index on mean of genotypes are not true (Basford and cooper, 1998). Using multivariate methods such as principal components and GGE biplot method, genotype x environment interactions can be analyzed and their component values estimated ( Pacheco et al., 2009). Many breeders believe that selection of genotypes based on G or GE alone is not sufficient, and it is advisable to study these two effects together done by method such as GGE biplot . The aim of this study was to evaluate the grain yield and adaptability stability of 20 soybean pure lines in three soybean cultivation region and selection the best pureline as new crop cultivar in the territory.

In order to evaluate the grain yield and stability of 20 soybean pure lines along with Williams control (20 genotypes) during two year (2014-2015) in regions : Karaj (1321m altitude, 35.5 N & 51.1 E), Moghan ((45 m altitude, 39.3 N & 47.2 E), Khorramabad (1155 m altitude, 33.3 N & 48.2 E), farming operations and necessary fertilization were carried out uniformly in all three regions. A randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used in the locations. Each block consisted of 21 plots and each plot consisted of 4 rows of 4 m with intervals of 60 cm. Simple and composite analysis of variance on grain yield was performed to estimate main effects of genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction and to determine adaptability and stability of grain yield of the genotypes used GGE Biplot analysis methods by Genstate Ver.12 Software .

Combined analysis of variance showed significant effects of environment, genotype, genotype x environment interaction, at 1% level probeblity (p ≤ 0.01). The first and second major components (PCA1 & PCA2) of GGE biplot analysis accounted for 47% and 28% of the variance of genotype × environment and genotype (G X E + G) interaction, respectively.. Based on GGE biplot criterion G6 (L12/Williams x Katool) genotype with yield of 3514 kg/ha had shortest distance from ideal genotype and was selected as the most desirable genotype and after that G4 (L12/Williams x Katool) with 3522 kg/ha in terms of desirability was ranked second. In this study one mega environment consisting of two environments E1 (Karaj 1394) and E3 (Moghan 2015) was identified. Also E4 environment (Moghan 2016) was the nearest to ideal environment and was recognized as the most effective environment in terms of discriminating ability and representativeness and then E2 (Karaj 1395), E1 (Karaj 1394), E3 (Moghan 1394) and E5 (Khorramabad 1394) environments were favorably ranked next.

The first and second major components (PCA1 & PCA2) of GGE biplot analysis accounted for 47% and 28% of the variance of genotype × environment and genotype (G x E + G) interaction, respectively. G6 genotype (L12/Williams x Katool) with yield of 3514 kg/ha was identified as the most desirable genotype and then G4 (L12/Williams x Katool) with 3522 kg/ha in terms of desirability was ranked second. In this study one mega environment consisting of two environments E1(Karaj 1394) and E3 (Moghan 2015) was identified. Also E4 (Moghan 2016) was recognized as the most desirable environment in terms of discriminating ability and representativeness.

Selection of adapted genotypes with high seed yield and yield stability is the goal of soybean breeding programs. To evaluate the adaptability and seed yield stability of soybean promising lines, 19 promising lines and cv. Williams as check were evaluated using randomized complete block design with four replications in four locations: Karaj, Gorgan, Moghan and Khoramabad in Iran during two growing seasons (2013 and 2014). GGE biplot analysis was employed to evaluate the adaptability and seed yield stability. Combined analysis of variance showed thatyear, location, genotype, year × location, year × genotype, location × genotype and genotype × location × year interaction effects were significant on studied traits. The contribution of year, location and genotype variance to total variance was 0.01, 0.60 and 0.02, respectively, indicating considerable contribution of location variance. The first two components of PC1 and PC2 explained overall 58% of total observed variation of genotype and genotype × environment (G + GE). In this study, three mega-environments were identified. The first mega-environment included: E2 (Karaj 2014), E5 (Moghan 2013) and E8 (Gorgan 2014) and G16 was the superior genotype in this mega-environment. The second mega-environment included: E3 (Khorramabad 2013) and E4 (Khorramabad 2014) and G8 was the superior genotype in this mega-environment. Third mega-environment consisted: E1 (Karaj 2013) and E7 (Gorgan 2013) and G17 was the superior genotype in this mega- environment. Biplot analysis showed that genotypes: G17 (L85-3059) with 2702 kg.ha-1 and G16 (L12/Chaleston × Mustang) with 2750 kg.ha-1 were highly adapted genotypes with high seed yield and yield stability. The E7 environment (Gorgan, 2013) was the most desirable environment in respect to its discriminating ability among soybean genotypes and the best representative of the target environments.

The present article has been carried out to answer the basic question that how game theory can be used to analyze nuclear issue, as a crisis in front of IRI. This study is an applied research in terms of achievement, is a descriptive-analytical survey in terms of objective and nature, and is a mixed one in terms of the data used. After reviewing theoretical perspectives about analysis of crises and crisis management principles, the applicable models of game theory for the analysis of strategic crisis were introduced, then a combination of nonzero game model and unequal actor’s compromise was selected as the desired model. Questionnaires were distributed among the population in order to analyze the information. The population of the study includes 100 persons of operational research scholars in Tehran universities and the sample size was determined to be 32 using Chochran’s formula. Data collection method was through libraries and field studies using questionnaire, note-making. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods and qualitative analyses. At the end, 4 applicable recommendations were proposed to use game theory for the analysis of Islamic Republic of Iran’s Nuclear Program..

This study conducted to evaluating adaptability and seed yeild stability of 19 soybean purelines and Kousar cultvar (check) in three regions: Karaj, Khoram abad and Moghan in during 1392 and 1393 years. For this purpose after preparing soil and planing experimental design, genotype seeds planted in the respective plots. The usual agronomic attentions carried out at growth stages and each genotype yeild estimated after harvest. Combined analysis of variance according to AMMI model, ASV parameter, Biplot Genotypes & Environments means versus IPCA1 and Biplot IPCA1 versus IPCA2 computed by Genstat Ver.12 . the results of ANOVA and AMMI analysis showed that genotye and environment additive effects and “Genotype x Environment” multiplicative effect are significant in % 1 level. Sum of squares of genotype, environment and Gen. × Env. factors founded % 4, % 46 and % 13 of total Sum of squares respectivily. Also according to ASV parameter and results of 1 and 3 biplots three genotypes: G10 (Spry × Nemaha/7) , G16 ( Spry x Savoy/3) and G20 (Kousar) were the most stable and genotype G10 (Spry × Nemaha/7) selected as the best genotype considering the yeild (2764 Kg/ha) and stability.

Release of early maturity and tolerant soybean cultivars to phythophtroa disease has a significant effect on development of cultivation and production of this crop in the temperate climate of the country, especially the temperate regions of Lorestan province, that have a good potential for producing soybean in the country. In order to generate and release early mature soybean cultivars, a corporative project conducted by Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII) and Atomic Energy Organization of Iran in 1372 in which seeds of Clark var. were exposed with gama ray. The irradiated seeds were sown in field and were evaluated for the mutated agronomic traits for 4 successive generations and eventually 47 early mature mutants were selected. Finally, after evaluating the selected mutants in the preliminary and adaptability yield trials, M.7 mutant was found as a superior genotype based on its early maturity and desirable grain yield. This mutant with 110 day growth period was 15 day earlier than Clark variety and also with grain yield of 3300 Kgha-1, its yield was 500 Kgha-1 higher than early mature variety TMS. Complementary experiments showed that M.7 mutant is tolerant to water deficit conditions and resistant to root and stem rot disease caused by phythophtora soja. This mutant was released as Kousar by Cultivar Release Committee of Iran in 1394.

The defensive power of a society cant be paraphrased in its military power. The combination of military, politice, economic, social, culture, technology and geographical power creates the military power of a society. Many strategigists believe that the ultimate crierion of national and defensive power is military powerness. The aim ofthispaper istodevelopsuperiorpowerand defensestrategiesinthe field of culturebased on 1404 Solarand to consider the factorsand the indicesassociated withit.Themethodused in the present paper is descriptive and inferential method. Statistical society includes experts and
professionals in defensive and cultural affairs and also among the intended statistical society, 30 experts have been chosen as the sample size. Accordingly, with the use of SWOT method, and based on the internal and external context in our country, each of strengths and weakness points, threats and opportunities were identified and the adequate strategies have been chosen and also, the prioritization of strategies has been done using TOPSIS method, and finally seven top strategies have been chosen in the field of culture.

Inoculant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteria is one of the important factors affecting soybean seed’s oil and protein contents. To study the effects of bacterial strains on soybean seeds quality (oil and protein) and quantity (seed yield) an experiment was carried out during 2000-2001 at research field of soybean in Sari. A split plot arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized block design was used with four replications. The treatments were consisted of three bacterial strains (Helynitro، Soyar and Abokhak) and four soybean cultivars (Hill، Sahar، J/k and B/P) and control plots (seeds without inoculants). Seed quality (oil and protein)، yield، number and dry weight of nodules per plant were measured. Bacterial strains did not show significant effect on traits، but the results mentioned that cultivars had significant effects on almost of traits. In fact، the interaction effects of J/K with Helynitro strain produced the highest seed، oil and protein yields. Cultivar J/K and Hill in control plots had the highest seed oil and protein percentages respectively. The maximum number of nodules per plant was obtained in J/K with Abokhak. Contrast to other cultivars Sahar produced the highest nodule dry weight with all bacterial strains.