فهرست مطالب حسین علی پور

The current research was conducted with the aim of identifying examples of dishonesty in psychotherapy from the point of view of clients at 2023. The method used in this research is qualitative, a descriptive phenomenology type. The statistical population of this research included all the clients of counseling centers in Amol city in 1402 who participated in this research using the non-probability sampling method. The researcher reached information saturation by interviewing 19 clients and 4 more interviews were conducted with the clients, and a total of 23 people were the sample clients of this study. A 3-axis semi-structured interview protocol was used to collect information. To analyze the data, the seven-step descriptive phenomenological method of Collaizi was used. The findings showed that dishonesty in the treatment room is inevitable, and the reasons for clients' dishonesty include individual reasons, including; sexual experiences and cognitive errors and external reasons including; Family experiences are lived experiences in society and the therapist's reaction. The results showed; Some issues are difficult for clients to disclose, and most of them hid at least one issue from their therapist. Clients stated the possibility of being judged by the therapist, not trusting the therapist's confidentiality and avoiding feeling shame as the reason for dishonesty.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a disorder in which a person is confronted with a host of stubborn thoughts and has to do certain things over and over again. The manifestation of washing in Islamic societies is often related to purity and impurity. In Islam, some substances are considered impure. Being a teacher is a religious rule that a Muslim must be free from impurities in order to perform certain acts of worship. Ignorance of the subtleties of this religious belief predisposes some people to this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the signs and symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder based on purity and impurity based on Islamic sources. For this purpose, this study was performed by descriptive-analytical method and the symptoms of this disorder were extracted. Findings showed that according to Islamic sources, this disorder has two specific criteria of excess in carrying out the commands of Sharia in the field of purity and impurity and extreme bias in understanding and comprehending the rules of Sharia and also has 4 common criteria

China's rise in the world order has made discussions about the relationship of this government with the international order left by Bretton Woods and its future among China scholars and policy makers. One of the important aspects of this discussion is the explanation of China's approach to the global institutional order. While acknowledging China's dissatisfaction with international financial institutions and this country's efforts to gradually rebuild an alternative to this system, the establishment and operation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank is in line with China's efforts, which can be considered within the framework of the institutional power. Based on this, this article aims to recognize the capacities of this bank in realizing China's institutional power in the international order by posing the question, what opportunities and challenges does this bank pose to China for the transfer of power in the international order? As a hypothesis, the article argues, the playing the role of this bank in the direction of advancing and strengthening China's institutional power can be analyzed in the light of identifying the capacities and challenges of this institution. , the research findings show that this bank, as one of the tools of institutional power, brings opportunities such as the internationalization of the yuan, the promotion of Asian values, and the introduction of China as a responsible great power for China., there are challenges such as the institutionalization of the Bretton Woods system, the challenges of playing the role of the yuan as a global currency, and the perception of a threat to China's economic rise.

 Due to geographical, economic and political reasons, the border areas have faced various complexities and various problems, so that extensive centralization has slowed down the governance process in the border areas and issues such as inappropriate distribution of biological resources, geographical inequalities, unbalanced access to services and infrastructure national issues, the distance between the center and the periphery, the issue of access and transportation, the challenges of natural and water resources, the biological capacities of the border areas for settlement and human development, etc. be located geographically. Good governance is one of the emerging concepts that, due to its constructive role in improving the political management of space in different countries, it can provide a suitable solution for the optimal management of the complex and different geography of border regions. with the aim of identifying and evaluating the geographical factors affecting the formation of good governance and to investigate the issue of how geographical factors have been effective in the formation of good governance in the border regions of Iran in a descriptive and analytical way? The findings of this research show that the role and influence of geography (in both human and natural dimensions) has been significantly neglected in the processes of governance in Iran's border areas, and this issue in turn has caused fundamental weaknesses in The process of statehood and management of border areas has become the result of which can be seen in numerous challenges and crises of security, economic, social and... border areas.

The increasing depth of globalization effects has resulted in many countries seeking accomplishment in light of the regionalist perspective and its capacities. Some crucial economic factors in Central Asia such as oil and gas, pipelines, commodities, consumer markets, assembly industries, and the impact of SCO on regional trends have resulted in Iran's economic diplomacy's attention to the region inevitably. The question of this article is what are the most crucial capacities and challenges of Iran's economic diplomacy in Central Asia in light of SCO? This article, with descriptive- explanative method, argues SCO can play a significant role in Iran's economic diplomacy more than an organization. This role depends to recognizing capacities and fortifying them and challenges and mitigation of their effects. The findings of this article represent some capacities that can support economic diplomacy with Iran. These are organization members inclusive in the region, organization performance in line with Iran's Look to East Policy, and the definition of the new structure of economic cooperation. In contrast, axes such as the security approaches governing the organization and the non-economic structure, the interventions of extra-regional powers and their effect on restricting the non-security actions of the organization, and finally the approach linked with the doubts of some members towards Iran's international behavior are the most significant challenges facing Iran's economic diplomacy in the path of this institution.

Northern part of Iran is located on the esophagus cancer belt worldwide, and North Khorasan province is considered a part of this region. This study was conducted to investigate some possible risk factors for esophageal cancer in North Khorasan province.

This cross-sectional study was based on esophageal endoscopy findings and histopathology reports. A total of 100 patients underwent endoscopy of whom 38 cases (19 male and 19 female) were diagnosed with esophageal cancer. Data consisted of age, gender,  occupation, residential location, smoking, addiction history, education, food habits, hot tea consumption, lesion area, type of tissue, and alcohol consumption. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were investigated, followed by the evaluation of the reliability using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software (version 26).

The mean content validity index was 0.91, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient was obtained at 0.84. In this study, the highest incidence rates of esophageal cancer were in Bojnourd, Raz and Jargalan, Esfarayen, Maneh and Samolghan, Jajarm, and Shirvan in descending order. The mean age of patients with esophageal cancer was 66.36 years. The most common histological types of this cancer were related to squamous cell carcinoma (68.42%) and adenocarcinoma (28.94%), respectively. The distribution of esophageal carcinoma by anatomical location was 10.52% for the upper third, 26.31% for the middle third, and 63.15% for the distal third.

It is necessary to monitor esophageal cancer continuously in North Khorasan province. This study suggests investigating how the recent pandemic of COVID-19 affects the epidemiology of esophageal cancer in the future

Abstract

Understanding and knowing how the "desire" element is formed is one of the most important aspects of studying consumer psychology. The combination of psychology and marketing can provide a more insightful understanding of the actions leading to consumer purchases. Focusing on the "unconscious" and the role of "other" in the formation of "desire", this research aims to elaborate the measure of "consumer desire" using Lacan's explanation in two imaginary and symbolic fields.

After studying the literature related to Lacan's psychoanalytical theories, the conceptualization of the dimensions, components, and indicators of the consumer's desire measure was carried out in two imaginary and symbolic fields. Then, the model and measure designed based on the data collected from the statistical population of this study, including buyers/users of luxury cars in Tehran, were analyzed by survey method.

The findings confirm that the consumer's desire at the subconscious level is influenced by the concepts that Lacan proposed in both imaginary and symbolic fields as places to define "small other" and "big other" according to linguistic rules.

The data analysis shows that the components of nostalgia, temporary bliss, fantasy, imagination, central security, and relaxation in the imaginary field, as well as the components of compliance and social identity in the symbolic field, can analyze different aspects of consumer desire.Keywords: Consumer desire, Desire, Lacan, Theory of Other, Imaginary field, Symbolic field

China's global rise over the past few decades has given rise to economic diplomacy in its foreign policy as a tool to help economic growth and pursuing national interests in the international arena. What is striking about this type of Beijing's diplomacy is the use of regional cooperation to advance economic interests in various regions, including South Asia. The main purpose of this article is to examine the multiple dimensions of China's economic diplomacy in this region. Relying on analytical-descriptive method and using various library resources and economic statistics, the present article seeks to provide an answer to the question of what are thce characteristics of China's economic diplomacy in South Asia? In this regard, it can be said that despite the significant economic opportunities in the region for Chinese economic diplomacy, there are significant challenges against it. Findings show that China's economic diplomacy in South Asia benefits from opportunities such as the region's large consumer market, the region's need to attract foreign investment, the transit position of the Indian Ocean, the capacity of the SAARC to develop cooperation and geo-economic and geopolitical opportunities in Gwadar port. Challenges of this type of diplomacy include the presence of rival powers, the fragility of stability and security of regional governments, and competition and economic weakness within the region.

The purpose of this article was to examine the role of political development in the context of development planning and public governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It also intended to find out if the country has ever followed a formal documented program for political development. Furthermore, it tried to explore the requirements of public governance in the framework of the Islamic Republic of Iran’s system.

Data were collected, organized, and analyzed after reviewing and studying documents, articles, interviews, Sand lectures.

Data analysis shows that there has been no independent, formal, and documented plan for political development ever since the revolution was won. Although some provisions of the Development Plans have focused on political issues, none has provided a noticeable framework to coordinate and align all parts of the Development Plans with political development.

Implications: 

The goal of political development and the function of public governance in the ideology overshadowing the Islamic Republic is regulating the society based on Islamic teaching. The source of this teaching is Shiait Fiqh; accordingly, ideal governance and dependable public governance will be the product of unanimity among Shiait high ranking clergies (Fuqaha). Considering the importance of political development to advance and realize the society’s ideology and the Islamic civilization, it is imperative for the state to produce a workable theory and an independent plan in accordance with the specific concept of political development in the Islamic Republic of Iran in order to be able to harmonize the set of changes in the society and various programs according to the planned steps in the path of Islamic civilization.

The occurrence of all kinds of errors and mistakes imposes many costs on the hospital and society. Whistleblowing and error reporting plays an essential role in preventing and reducing errors, but the rate of error reporting in hospitals is low. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of selected individual factors on whistleblowing of hospital employees.

Materials:

 The research was conducted as a descriptive correlational study. 229 nursing and para clinic staff of a hospital in Tehran were selected by random sampling. A standard questionnaire with 69 items from valid questionnaires of selected factors, including organizational commitment, source of control, moral judgment, altruism, individual's attitude towards whistleblowing and intention to whistleblowing was collected and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The method of data analysis was confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and Amos software were used as well.

The variables of organizational commitment, altruism and individual's attitude towards whistleblowing have an effect on the intention of whistleblowing, and moral judgment and source of control have no effect on the intention of whistleblowing. Also, individual variables such as age, gender, and work experience did not have a significant effect on the intention to blow the whistle.

Strengthening organizational commitment, altruism of employees and the positive attitude of the individual toward whistle-blowing play an important role in improving error reporting. Hospital management methods can strengthen or weaken these factors. Participatory management style, job empowerment, supporting and creating a safe environment for reporting, promoting employees' ethical and professional principles,  and learning and sharing medical errors are effective measures in promoting whistle-blowing.

China’s economic diplomacy has significantly contributed to its recent economic growth. The country manages the opportunieis and challenges made by Nationalism and Globalization by economic diplomacy. China considerably works on regional cooperation in Central Asia. Taking a descriptive-analytical method and based on economic data, the current research investigates opportunities and challenges that China's economic diplomacy must deal with in Central Asia. The findings show that China's economic diplomacy in Central Asia enjoys economic opportunities such as regional energy capacities, consumer markets, foreign demand for Chinese investment. In addition, China plays a key role in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. On the other hand, the country encounters political challenges such as the presence of rival powers in Central Asia, chinophobia in the region and the fragile governments in its neighborhood.

In January 2020, the outbreak of the COVID-19 disease was declared an international health crisis by the World Health Organization (WHO). Nurses are mostly in close contact with patients during hospitalization. Since nursing students provide patient care alongside nurses, the discovery of nursing students’ lived experiences of caring for COVID-19 patients is of paramount importance in the effective management of the disease. The present study aimed to assess nursing students' experiences of caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

This qualitative study was performed by the hermeneutic phenomenological method in 2021. Samples were selected from nursing students with experience of caring for Covid-19 patients in Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Data were collected through semi-structured and individual interviews and analyzed simultaneously and continuously by the Van Manen method.

Nursing students' lived experiences in caring for Covid-19 patients included three main categories and seven subcategories: 1) conflicting emotions (anxiety, mental involvement, and maturity), 2) psychosomatic problems (sleep disorders, skin problems, and neurological problems), and 3) self-awareness and empowerment (efforts made in patient care, striving for self-preservation).

As evidenced by the results of the present study, nursing students experienced anxiety, stress, and mental preoccupation in caring for a patient with Covid-19. On the other hand, participants were satisfied and proud of being able to provide patient care during this period.
In this regard, students gained experience in caring for themselves and patients strived to reduce stress and provide proper care. According to the findings of this study, the education system and university administrators can help reduce psychological stress and improve the quality of care in nursing students through holding web-based courses on stress management skills, training on the use of personal protective equipment, and observing health protocols.

The aim of this study is to assess River ecosystem and its zoning using water physicochemical factors and the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Haraz River in Iran. In this study, benthic macroinvertebrate communities along the stream were sampled in 2015 at each of the nine stations with three replicates using Surber net samplers (30.5×30.5 cm2). BMWP (Biologic Monitoring Working Party) biotic Index, ASPT (Average Score Per Taxon) biotic Index, Hilsenhoff biotic Index were used to assess water quality. Physicochemical factors of water and zoning maps in GIS softwarewas also prepared. In the present study, 5 families of Diptera order named Chironomidae, Simuliidae, Tipulidae, Limnoidae and Culicidae were identified, which had the highest number of families compared to other orders. The family Chironomidae was the only family observed in all stations and had the highest frequency in stations 2 and 3 and the lowest frequency in stations 5 and 6. Calculated results of the stations 1 to 6 (Especially stations 5 and 6) indicated water quality conditions were suitable and substantial level of organic pollutions were observed in stations 7 and 8 and also, station 9 indicates water quality was fairly poor, that indicates the unsuitable conditions of the river at this station.

Public-private partnership policy is what public organizations have taken to carry out their development projects in recent years. The purpose of the present study is to identify the effectiveness of public-private partnership policy implementation in the Iranian public sector. The statistical population of this study included those organizations of the public sector which have all adopted public-private partnership policy. Using systematic random sampling method, 126 organizations were selected through Morgan’s table. To collect data, researcher-made questionnaires were distributed among the subjects. Based on such factors as economic efficiency, financial justice, redistributive justice, compatibility with public ethics, adaptability and accountability, results show that the effectiveness of public-private partnership policy implementation is significant. Public-private partnership project holders can improve the context for developing and implementing public-private partnership projects by emphasizing and applying the suggested solutions of this research.

This study was carried out entitled ‘The Study of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder of Ritual Ablution (Taharat and Nejasat) and Its Therapeutic Ways Based on Islamic Sources’. In order to achieve the aims of the study, it was done through the descriptive-analytical method; afterthe compilation, formulation, classification, summarization, and explanation of the concept, the collected data was divided into manageable and interpretable parts.
The findings showed that the obsessive-compulsive disorderis one in which the people suffering from it confront with a lot of stubbornthoughts, and it makes them do some jobs repeatedly. There are some theories on the obsessive-compulsive disorder in psychology. The main theories on the etiology and therapeutic ways of this disorder include (1) biological theory, (2) the theory of Janet and psychoanalytic theory, (3) behavioral theory, (4) cognitive theory, and (5) technical eclecticism theory. These theories are useful for the treatment of manifestations of the disorder. The manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder are cleaning, checking, primary obsessive slowness,mixed rituals, ritual ablutions. Among Islamic religious communities, there is a less obsessive disordersin cleanliness, and in the Islamic societies, there is a cleaning obsessive disorderin the ritual ablutions.  Some materials were considered Najis (impure) in Islam. According to Islamic rulings, being Najis is different from being dirty; that is, to worship, a Muslim person should be free from Nejasat. The unawareness of the delicacies of this religious belief causes some people suffer from the obsessive-compulsive disorder of the ablutions. This study examines the Islamic approach to the obsessive-compulsive disorderof the ablutionsin the fields of etiology and diagnostic criteria and therapeutic ways.

The purpose of present study is to investigate the components of political legitimacy in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this research which had historical and analytical approach, the multiple aspects and components of legitimacy in the constitution of Islamic Republic of Iran were analyzed. The results of this study conducted by descriptive analysis revealed that to consolidate the components of political legitimacy in the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran and to sustain the political system, in addition to the legitimizing principles relevant to the time of foundation, the current stabilizing factors should also be taken into account so that we can both consolidate the power of political system and achieve more accurate criteria for evaluation. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran has considered each of 4 components of legitimacy; however, the legitimizing elements of political power are emphasized more in practice compared to the rest of elements. Paying attention to this point necessitates serious retrospective measures in the evaluation of the performance of the Islamic Republic of Iran based on legitimacy criterion and suitable research plans for future in order to consolidate and sustain legitimacy.

The metropolitan areas surrounding the capital, in particular, have experienced rapid and uneven physical growth in recent decades and are currently experiencing challenges. in order to reach out to the existing status, it seems that the basic structural changes The existing management, which is the key to its management divisiveness, is essential to a new management system with a good governance of the integrated and integrated city. Nowadays, the laws of operation do not only help to integrate the management of the desired spatial environment of the capital and the cities, but also the problems and problems Spontaneous It has exacerbated The government has been implementing since the early 1990s to prepare a legal regulation of urban management that the realization of integrated and coordinated management of metropolitan and metropolitan areas is one of the major and strategic goals of this bill. The bill was discussed at various meetings, especially the metropolitan government working group. And is currently under examination in the Islamic Council. In this study, the impact of the proposed law of Iranian urban governance on the realization of regional governance in the area of metropolitan areas has been analyzed. To calculate the reliability of the questionnaire, using the Cronbach's alpha method, and to investigate the normal distribution of the research data using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, for testing the research hypotheses, the parametric T-test and the discussion of the proposed options and options Friedman's analysis of variance analysis has been used.

Pollution of heavy metals in the environment is growing at an alarming rate and has become an important worldwide problem. The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of selected metal concentrations (Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu) in the liver, gill, kidney and muscle of Liza auratus from Nowshahr the south Caspian Sea and to evaluate risks associated with its consumption.

A total of 42 samples were collected randomly from the Nowshahr in June 2016 using beach-seine and then transported to the laboratory. The determination of heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues was carried out using a Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.

The results showed that metal accumulation in the liver tissues was higher than in the kidney, gill and muscle for all metals, and Zn concentration was higher than Cd, Pb and Cu in all the studied tissues. The maximum concentration of Pb; 2.94, Cd; 1.18, Cu; 15.46 and Zn; 141.54 mg/kg was observed in the liver, while the lowest level of metals were Pb; 1.10, Cd; 0.67, Cu; 9.54 and Zn; 33.85 mg/kg in the muscle of L. auratus. Potential health risk assessments based on estimated daily intake (EDI) values and target hazard quotient (THQ) indicated that the intakes of metals by consuming of fish muscle do not result in an appreciable hazard risk for the human body.

Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle of L. auratus were below the maximum permissible limit of WHO. However, the results indicated that the high concentrations of some heavy metals in liver, gill and kidney for L. auratus is alarming and do present an appreciable hazard risk on human health. Nevertheless, this requires further examination in future.

Given the macroeconomic policies of reducing dependence on oil revenues (as the most important sources of government revenue) and increasing tax revenues, a decisive response to the phenomenon of tax evasion has become the most important economic and political goals of the government. The use of the other person's commercial card as one of the tax evasion techniques is one of the tax crimes that the legislator has referred to in Article 274 of the recent amendment to the direct tax law to its criminal offense. Despite the positive step that the legislator has taken in this direction in dealing with one of the most important tax crimes according to studies and researches, in practice, dealing with perpetrators of crime, the executive, judicial and regulatory authorities faced challenges and ambiguities. One of the most important of these challenges is non-observance of legal standards in the issuance and renewal of commercial cards, negligence in checking the company's registration capability, lack of familiarity with the judicial system with tax crimes, lack of formation of the prosecutor's office and the special tax court so far, lack of awareness of the taxpayers, and existence of serious barriers to impeach.

The rapid expansion of vilization in the villages of Mazandaran province in the last decade has started strongly and has had negative consequences in different socio-economic, economic, physical and physical layers. In this article, while analyzing these damages by filling out a questionnaire by villagers, village council members, experts and consultants on conductor plans, the opinions of community elites have been analyzed and analyzed with the TOPSIS model.  The type of research is descriptive-analytical and it is applied in terms of purpose. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the reflection of the expansion of second homes in the suburbs of Mazandaran province. The findings show that in economic, social and physical components, respectively, the indicators of income of land speculators and land speculators, cultural conflicts between villagers and owners of villas, and the transformation of the rural architecture of rural houses are in the first place. Also, in terms of the severity of the crisis, vilification was categorized into three critical areas of severe destruction, demolition and initiation of destruction and various economic, socio-cultural, physical-physical strategies, as well as prioritization of these strategies in each of these areas.

AbstractAccording to strategic human resource management, employees are considered as the assets of the organization, and appropriate training and improvement in this regard are considered as an effective investment in these assets. Training and improving the employees is a strategic action that improves the quality of the job at the individual level, is the factor of excellence at the organizational level and development of the organization at the national level that leads to an increase in productivity. The human resources training and improvement system acts as a complement to the employment system, which empowers employees and guarantees future success. The main purpose of this research is to identify and prioritize the indicators of justice-oriented training and improvement system. The research method was mixed exploratory, in which qualitative and quantitative data was collected through interviews and questionnaires. A sample of 15 experts (human resources management professors) was selected through purposeful judgment sampling. The validity of the coding process was evaluated via re-coding method, and also the validity was assessed using re-examination of the interviewees. The indicators of the justice-oriented training and improvement system were identified by means of interview and Scott reliable coefficient and they were analyzed for a prioritization in an analytical hierarchy process questionnaire based on the AHP method. Finally, according to the results of the research, the indicators of proportionality, accessibility and effectiveness in regard with distributive justice dimension, indicators of bias, correct ability, representativeness and standardization and in respect with the procedural justice dimension, indicators of respect, trustfulness and feedback with regard to the interactional justice dimension and finally the indicators of justification, clarification and information sharing in regard with informational justice dimension were identified and prioritized in the training and improvement system.