حمید بهبهانی

Identifying the effective parameters on the increase of the accidents severity in the two-lane highway and also the spatial analysis of the accidents occurring in them, could lead to the reduction of the road accidents of this road. Based on this, the present research in addition to identifying section with high crashes, it also identifies the factors affecting the severity of accidents.

Aggressive behavior of drivers is one of the most important issues in the behavioral and social sciences. The importance of this issue is due to its direct relationship with the violations of drivers and the safety of other users. In addition, taxi drivers spend too much hours during a day in the urban streets. This makes them more susceptible for anger and aggressive driving. Analyzing the aggressive behavior of drivers requires identifying the factors and conditions that affect them. So far, the way to collect data to determine the effective factors on aggressive behavior of drivers has been through designed questionnaires, which have been completed by the drivers themselves. Nevertheless, this method itself has limitations on the reliability and accuracy of the answers given. Therefore, in this paper it has been attempted to obtain data with the help of a mobile-based application, which would be completed by an informed passenger and without letting driver to know the procedure. Due to the nature of the dependent variables of this study which their scale is zero and one (occurrence or non-occurrence of any of the dependent variables); prediction of factors affecting aggressive behavior of taxi drivers has been performed using multiple logistic regression method. Among the most important factors identified to provoke anger in taxi drivers are slow-moving of leading vehicles with respect to traffic flow with effective coefficient of 2.95, sudden redirection or lane changes performed by other vehicles with effective coefficient of 2.817, sudden, slow or illegal pedestrian crossing across the street with effective coefficient of 2.717, failure in observance of proper safety interval between vehicles with effective coefficient of 2.488, lack of feeling safety during travel with effective coefficient of 2.394 and the occurrence of accident and it’s probability along the route with effective coefficient of 1.932.

Roads are considered as one of the most extensive civil infrastructures and national capitals of each country. Pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) management is one of the most important problems, which can help reducing further costs. Two issues are important in the field of road maintenance and rehabilitation management; first type of M&R option and then time of applying it. In this paper, we have attempted to combine prioritization, artificial intelligence and optimization methods to select the optimal option for maintenance and rehabilitation of pavement sections at any time interval. For this purpose, the analytical hierarchy process is used to prioritize the branches of the pavement network. In the next step, using the linear programming model, the probability of selecting maintenance and rehabilitation options for pavement sections is maximized considering several specific constraints. Fuzzy inference system is used to determine the probability of selecting each maintenance and rehabilitation option in pavement sections. A case study in Mahan (Kerman) is used to run the proposed model. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the proposed algorithm can consider different parameters and indices for pavement branches and sections. In addition, it offers different scenarios for selection of M&R options in a year. The model helps comparing various scenarios based on different budgets for each year. In all, the proposed algorithm facilitates the process of selecting M&R options in the different sections of a road network and provides a scientific approach to manage maintenance roads.

Landslide is one of the natural disasters that occur every year with the changes that humans make in natural areas. Landslide assessment event requires accurate and reliable location information. Today, despite the progress of science, landslides can be evaluated with various techniques such as remote sensing. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of modeling the occurrence of landslides in the southwestern region of the country using remote sensing science and AHP method. For this purpose, ground points were first prepared to control and Remote sensing information using GPS. Then, different filters were performed on the Landsat sensor images. In addition, different parameters of slope, geological formation, distance from the river, etc. were investigated. The results showed that the Kernel Size 9 * 9 filter is one of the most suitable methods for highlighting structural features and geomorphology. Then, the weight of each parameter was determined using pairwise comparison and AHP method. Results of pairwise comparison of distance from fault with weight of 0.05 maximum weight, distance from river 0.07, communication network 0.09, rainfall 0.12, land use 0.15, vegetation 0.2, geological formation 3 / 0 and a slope of 0.59 was obtained. The weighting results showed that by merging the different layers, the high and very dangerous risk classes included 32.87 and 6.68 km of the length of the railway lines, respectively, with a total of 39.55 km or 92.8% of the total 39.55 km of the total length of Andimeshk-Doroud railway line.

In Iran, thousands of tons of rubber materials are discarded as wastes each year. Since these waste materials do not have a proper quality to be used for usual life purposes such as household items, thus the best application for these materials is to use them as aggregates in the construction industry. Furthermore, using waste rubber materials such as crumb tires in the concrete mix is regarded as one of the efficient ways to recycle these waste materials. Besides, substituting a fraction of natural aggregates in the concrete mix by waste materials is a promising strategy to deal with environmental problems associated with these materials. Given that the presence of waste aggregate in concrete degrades its properties, adding fibers to the concrete mix has been shown to improve the mechanical performance. Therefore, in the present study, the compressive strength of the concrete reinforced with steel fibers and containing recycled crumb rubber aggregate was evaluated after exposure to fire through an experimental program. Here, a total of nine mix designs were prepared for the experimental phase, with the test variables being the volume percentage of tire rubber aggregate as a replacement for natural sand (0, 5, and 10%), the volume fraction of steel fibers (0, 0.5, and 1%), and temperature (20, 200, 400, and 600 °C). Moreover, the compressive strength values were compared with those predicted by the ACI 216 and EN 1994-1-2 codes. The results showed that adding steel fibers together with tire rubber aggregate in the concrete mix led to a decrease in the compressive strength of the heated and unheated concrete specimens. Also, as temperature increased, the compressive strength of all the concrete specimens saw a considerable reduction. In this regard, after exposure to 600 °C, the compressive strength loss rate was higher compared to that after exposure to other temperatures, such that the compressive strength of the reference specimen and those containing tire aggregate and fibers decreased by 59.5-76.9% relative to that of the corresponding specimens at ambient temperature. ACI 216 and EN 1994-1-2 provide a relatively good estimation for the normalized compressive strength of all the concrete specimens containing tire rubber and steel fibers at 200 and 400 °C; however, they give an overestimation for the reference concrete. Besides, the above codes give a relatively good prediction for the normalized compressive strength of the specimens exposed to 600 °C (except for specimens ST0TR10, ST0.5TR10, and ST1.0TR5).

The spatial analysis of accidents occurring in Highway with the aim of identifying theeffective parameters on the increase in the severity of accidents can be effective in decision making by professionals and decision makers to improve road safety in order to reduce the severity of road accidents.The purpose of this study is to provide a method for analyzing the severity of crashes and determining its effective factors in the freeways based on the spatial clustering functions and the data mining model of the regression tree.The proposedmethodis evaluated and tested on the Qazvin-Loshan freeway.In order to investigate the spatialdistributionofcrashes inthe axis of the study during the period of from2011to2016,the Geographic Information System’s spatial functions such as Getis-OrdG*Autocorrelation andkernel density functions have been Used.The preliminary results of spatial analysis showed that the focus of accidents in horizontal curves was greater.According to this achievement, in the next phase of the study, in order to study the factors affecting the severity of accidents, the Classification andRegressionTree was used on accidents occurringinthewholeaxisandspecifically in thehorizontal curveswith highcrashes.Thestudy of the relative importance of other variables in the proposed model shows that the geometric design,type of crashes and day of theaccident are the effective factors in increasing the accident severity at the Qazvin-Loshan Freeway.Inaddition,the results of modeling on horizontal curves crashes showed that the accident location,especiallytheshoulder,as well as the time of the accident,cause serious accidents.The results showedthattheintegrationofGISspatialfunctions withnon-parametricdecision-making tree-based datamining analysis,which is capable ofsimultaneous modelingofquantitativeandqualitativedata,is used to determine the factors affecting theseverityofaccidents andtospatial analyzethe patternsofaccidents usedinsuburbanarea,iseffective.

In this paper, a detailed analytic solution of the 1-D heat equation is presented to determine the distribution of temperature within a steel section integrated into a concrete slab, known as composite slim-floor beams (CoSFB). At first, the previous studies about the thermo-mechanical behavior of the slim-floor beams in the scale of experimental campaigns and numerical modeling have been investigated. Then, an analytical method, function of space and time, is suggested to determine the temperature distribution within the SFB section. Therefore, a steel section integrated into a concrete slab which is subjected to a time-dependent heat flux according to the standard fire curve will be examined. The proposed method is an analytical solution of the general form of the heat equation for transient conduction that simplified in order to calculate the load bearing resistance of SFB. This non-homogeneous differential equation is solved by applying the method of variation of parameters, setting up a homogenous problem and applying the separation of variables to get the homogeneous system. Hence, according to the results of FE modeling, the method has been based on assumptions to retain the accuracy of the calculations as well as to reduce the complications in the analytical method. At last, the results of the simplified analytical solution are compared with the numerical simulation, which confirms the logical process. Contrary to numerical methods, the newly proposed method can pragmatically be solved the heat equation with the moving boundary.

Stone Mactic Asphalt (SMA) has been considered by road makers due to its many advantages. From the advantages of this asphalt is improving the rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures, reducing the growth of cracks, improving the slip resistance, reducing the noise pollution caused by vehicle traffic. In this study, SBR polymer (Styrene Butadine Rubber) was used to improve the functional properties of stone mastic asphalt mixtures. This polymer was used as solid polymer which was mixed to the bitumen and liquid polymer which was mixed directly to asphalt mixture. For this purpose, the Marshall tests, indirect tensile fatigue, Wheel track and moisture sensitivity tests were performed on SBR-modified SMA specimens. The results indicated that the use of mixed SBR polymer in bitumen had a positive effect on fatigue and rutting resistance of SMA mixtures. However, the polymer did not have any substantial effect on moisture sensitivity of SMA mixtures comparing to the control mixture.

Road accidents are one of the most important causes of mortality and severe physical and financial damage. Therefore, the use of methods to reduce cost and fatality of traffic crashes is more than ever discussed. The main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of environmental, human and geometric factors on Qazvin-Loshan highway and its old Corridor during the period from 2011 to 2016 using factor analysis. In order to investigate the combination of parameters and their impact on the crashes, factor analysis is based on parameters that are known as independent variables. The results of the study showed that 14 variables affecting crashes in the studied corridor are divided into 6 main categories according to priority level. The variables that have the most impact on Qazvin-Loshan highway crashes are environmental factors (lighting, climatic and pavement conditions), while in the old corridor, geometric factors (type of area, geometric design and type of roadway) have had the greatest impact on crash occurrences.

This paper describes an evaluation of low temperature cracking of asphalt pavement and its propagation agents. Low temperature cracking is one of the noticeable deterioration of asphalt pavement in cold climate regions. This work employed a repeatable semi circular bending (SCB) fracture test to evaluate the low temperature fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures, additionally a large number of edge cracked semi circular bend specimens containing 4% and 7% air voids are used and subjected to symmetric three-point bending load at -10 °c to measure fracture toughness. The effect of air voids on pure mode I asphalt fracture are investigated experimentally and Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics, its assumptions and effective crack tip parameters introduced, which is used in asphalt fracture mechanics. Then fracture toughness as a main parameter of fracture in the asphalt mixtures is calculated and various methods with different specimen types for determining the fracture toughness of asphalt has been viewed and Asshto suggested method has been discussed, which applied to the experimental part of this work. According to the statistical principle, the experimental results were analyzed by Weibull statistical distribution model in order to present the prediction models for each asphalt mixture with different air voids. The two-parameter and the three-parameter Weibull distribution function was applied to air voids data, Thus compared these two functions. Within the statistical analysis, the probability function for brittle fracture suggested by Wallin using a Weibull analysis that have the three parameters, Kmin, m and K0 ,all of which predicted in this study.
The analysis of the results also revealed that Weibull distribution model is one of the most appropriate function for disscussing the volumetric properties of asphalt mixtures.Furthermore, a statistical analysis illustrated that Weibull model is also able to predict the statistical parameters for each set of test data, By preliminary data from the tests and also a well- defined Transfer Coefficient from the previous experimental data that the other researchers obtained through their studies, can be predicted the three-parameter and the two-parameter of Weibull statistical model such as Kmin and K0 which have significant role for asphalt fracture mechanics. In addition to the parameters of Weibull distribution, the average fracture toughness or the average stress intensify factor for asphalt specimens can be predicted from this type of the statistical analysis.
In conclusion, this paper emphasises on the statistical and the experimental aspect of asphalt fracture mechanics that has investigated Weibull distribution model and the ability of this model to predict the important fracture parameters and the average stress intensify factor from a determined experimental data based on volumetric properties such as air voids. Finally, by investigating the errors for different models that suggested in this paper, indicatin the suitability of this model to predict the actual values of asphalt fracture.

Value engineering has been used for more than 50 year as a successful technique in the upstream authorities and documents of Iran. Although it has been used in the role of an effective method to improve the constructive projects and plans, value engineering has not reached its real position yet. This can be attributed to many reasons such as optimistic view of managers towards the results of a project, improper understanding of the technique, and insufficient culture and motivation among project components as well.
This study aims to codify motivation authorities of the value engineering in addition to evaluate necessities of motivating the value engineering parameters in Construction and Development of Transportation Infrastructure Company (CDTICO) as one of the most important firms with many huge projects in Iran. Thereby, value engineering can enable the company and many other governmental organizations to utilize this advantageous technique more than any time before. This research has been conducted by using advices from value engineering experts through interviews and questionnaires since they were sufficiently familiar with CDTICO.

Cracking of asphalt layers and pavements is one of the most common modes of failure in roads and highways, which can signicantly increase the cost of repair and rehabilitation. Since asphalt mixtures can behave as brittle materials at low temperature, brittle fracture and crack growth in pavements is usually observed at the surface of roads located in cold regions. Trac loading, (due to the weight of moving vehicles) and thermal stress (induced by daily or seasonal variations of eld temperature), are two major parameters aecting nucleation and propagation of cracks inside the pavements. Re- ective cracking is often observed in the overlays, and the growth of such cracks is a an important problem in this eld. Thus, understanding the mechanism of crack growth is essential for predicting pavement performance for designing the averlay thickness, as well as in the design and optimization of mixtures. In this study, a twodimensional multi-layer asphalt pavement containing a re ective crack, and subjected to trac loading of the front and rear wheels of a moving vehicle, was analyzed numerically using ABAQUS nite element code. Three fracture parameters, including modes I and II stress intensity factors (KIandKII ) and the T-stress, are computed for various positions of the vehicle relative to the re ective crack. In the analyzed models, the in uence of some parameters, such as wheel positions relative to the crack, elastic modulus, thickness of layers and crack length, was studied on the sign and magnitude of fracture parameters. According to the obtained results, an asphalt layer containing a vertical re ective crack experiences dierent mixed mode opening-sliding (mixed mode I/II) deformations when a vehicle moves from far distances towards the crack location. It was observed that a wide range of positive and negative KI ;KII and T-stress values is induced in the asphalt layer. The in- uence of crack length on the fracture behavior of the analyzed crack was also noticeable.

To protect environment and reduce the consumption of energy, warm asphalt technology has been used widely in recent years. There are different technology to produce warm mix asphalt. In this research Zycotherm nano material and Sasobit, which are respectively chemical and organic additives, as two sorts of warm mix asphalt construction trends were investigated. Although having many advantages, moisture susceptibility and rutting performance are two major concerns about warm mix asphalt that was investigated in this study. The functional characterization of the base bitumen with and without Zycotherm was analyzed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Overall, fifty four hot and warm mix asphalt mixtures were made. In order to check moisture susceptibility, Indirect Tensile Strength and resilience modulus tests, and to evaluate rutting potential of the mixtures, dynamic creep test were conducted. Results showed that Zychoterm nano material, in addition to the reduction it causes in mixing and compaction temperature, also improves moisture susceptibility of mixtures compared to control mix and the mixture with Sasobit. On the other hand, Mixtures with Zycotherm nano material had lower flow number than HMA and Sasobit mixtures, Generally reduction in temperature leads to less oxidative and subsequently to less rutting resistance, however, as it was expected because of the stiffer Sasobit modified binder, WMA mixtures containing Sasobit had significantly higher resistance to rutting than other mixtures.

Safety is a fundamental and important measure in traffic engineering, continually tried to improve it by investigations to decrease the number of crashes. Having these many parameters in mind, it would be management difficulty to prioritize them logically. To do this, it is necessary to know how these parameters affect the number of crashes; one can use the previous and future investigations to evaluate them. Considering the lack of these data in Iran, the experts’ choices were collected for this research. As a quantitative criterion must be used, the Crush Modifying Factor (CMF) was used to represent the collected ideas. It is an index of the frequency of the crashes happened in a road in different situations. The outcome is using both quantitative and qualitative criteria together to prioritize the road parameters resulting safety betterment in TOPSIS method.

L‌o‌w t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌i‌n‌g i‌s t‌h‌e m‌a‌i‌n d‌i‌s‌t‌r‌e‌s‌s i‌n a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t p‌a‌v‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌s i‌n w‌i‌n‌t‌e‌r. U‌s‌e o‌f m‌o‌d‌i‌f‌i‌e‌r‌s o‌r a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s i‌n t‌h‌e a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t m‌i‌x‌t‌u‌r‌e i‌s a s‌u‌i‌t‌a‌b‌l‌e a‌n‌d c‌o‌m‌m‌o‌n m‌e‌t‌h‌o‌d f‌o‌r i‌m‌p‌r‌o‌v‌i‌n‌g i‌t‌s m‌e‌c‌h‌a‌n‌i‌c‌a‌l p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r‌t‌i‌e‌s, e‌s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌a‌l‌l‌y u‌n‌d‌e‌r h‌i‌g‌h t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e s‌e‌r‌v‌i‌c‌e c‌o‌n‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s. H‌o‌w‌e‌v‌e‌r, f‌o‌r c‌o‌l‌d c‌l‌i‌m‌a‌t‌e‌s, w‌h‌e‌r‌e r‌o‌a‌d p‌a‌v‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t u‌s‌u‌a‌l‌l‌y e‌x‌p‌e‌r‌i‌e‌n‌c‌e s‌u‌b‌z‌e‌r‌o t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s, t‌h‌e o‌v‌e‌r‌a‌l‌l f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e m‌e‌c‌h‌a‌n‌i‌s‌m o‌f a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t l‌a‌y‌e‌r‌s m‌a‌y o‌c‌c‌u‌r m‌a‌i‌n‌l‌y d‌u‌e t‌o e‌l‌a‌s‌t‌i‌c b‌r‌i‌t‌t‌l‌e f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e a‌n‌d t‌h‌e g‌r‌o‌w‌t‌h o‌f i‌n‌i‌t‌i‌a‌t‌e‌d c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌s i‌n‌s‌i‌d‌e t‌h‌e p‌a‌v‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌s. H‌o‌t m‌i‌x a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t (H‌M‌A) c‌o‌n‌c‌r‌e‌t‌e i‌s p‌e‌r‌h‌a‌p‌s t‌h‌e m‌o‌s‌t c‌o‌m‌p‌l‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e‌d m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l i‌n f‌l‌e‌x‌i‌b‌l‌e p‌a‌v‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t s‌y‌s‌t‌e‌m‌s s‌i‌n‌c‌e i‌t‌s p‌r‌o‌p‌e‌r‌t‌i‌e‌s d‌e‌p‌e‌n‌d u‌p‌o‌n t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e a‌n‌d l‌o‌a‌d‌i‌n‌g c‌o‌n‌d‌i‌t‌i‌o‌n‌s. F‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e t‌o‌u‌g‌h‌n‌e‌s‌s i‌s t‌h‌e m‌o‌s‌t i‌m‌p‌o‌r‌t‌a‌n‌t p‌a‌r‌a‌m‌e‌t‌e‌r f‌o‌r c‌h‌a‌r‌a‌c‌t‌e‌r‌i‌z‌i‌n‌g c‌r‌a‌c‌k g‌r‌o‌w‌t‌h a‌n‌d t‌h‌e f‌a‌i‌l‌u‌r‌e o‌f c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌e‌d m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l‌s a‌n‌d s‌t‌r‌u‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s s‌u‌c‌h a‌s a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t p‌a‌v‌e‌m‌e‌n‌t‌s. C‌r‌a‌c‌k‌e‌d s‌e‌m‌i-c‌i‌r‌c‌u‌l‌a‌r s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s s‌u‌b‌j‌e‌c‌t‌e‌d t‌o t‌h‌r‌e‌e-p‌o‌i‌n‌t b‌e‌n‌d‌i‌n‌g h‌a‌v‌e b‌e‌e‌n r‌e‌c‌o‌g‌n‌i‌z‌e‌d a‌s a‌p‌p‌r‌o‌p‌r‌i‌a‌t‌e t‌e‌s‌t s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s f‌o‌r c‌o‌n‌d‌u‌c‌t‌i‌n‌g f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e t‌e‌s‌t‌s i‌n b‌r‌i‌t‌t‌l‌e m‌a‌t‌e‌r‌i‌a‌l‌s. T‌h‌e m‌a‌n‌u‌f‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌i‌n‌g a‌n‌d p‌r‌e-c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌i‌n‌g o‌f t‌h‌e s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n a‌r‌e s‌i‌m‌p‌l‌e. A n‌o‌n c‌o‌m‌p‌l‌i‌c‌a‌t‌e‌d l‌o‌a‌d‌i‌n‌g f‌i‌x‌t‌u‌r‌e i‌s a‌l‌s‌o r‌e‌q‌u‌i‌r‌e‌d f‌o‌r a f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e t‌e‌s‌t. H‌e‌n‌c‌e, t‌h‌e m‌a‌i‌n a‌i‌m o‌f t‌h‌i‌s r‌e‌s‌e‌a‌r‌c‌h i‌s t‌o s‌t‌u‌d‌y t‌h‌e e‌f‌f‌e‌c‌t o‌f d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s, i‌n‌c‌l‌u‌d‌i‌n‌g P‌o‌l‌y p‌h‌o‌s‌p‌h‌o‌r‌i‌c a‌c‌i‌d (P‌P‌A), S‌t‌y‌r‌e‌n‌e b‌u‌t‌a‌d‌i‌e‌n‌e s‌t‌y‌r‌e‌n‌e (S‌B‌S), A‌n‌t‌i s‌t‌r‌i‌p‌i‌n‌g a‌g‌e‌n‌t (A‌N‌T‌I), C‌r‌u‌m‌b r‌u‌b‌b‌e‌r (C‌R) a‌n‌d F‌T-p‌a‌r‌a‌f‌f‌i‌n w‌a‌x (s‌a‌s‌o‌b‌i‌t), o‌n t‌h‌e l‌o‌w t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e m‌o‌d‌e I f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e r‌e‌s‌i‌s‌t‌a‌n‌c‌e o‌f a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t m‌i‌x‌t‌u‌r‌e‌s. A s‌e‌r‌i‌e‌s o‌f a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t s‌a‌m‌p‌l‌e‌s w‌i‌t‌h d‌i‌f‌f‌e‌r‌e‌n‌t p‌e‌r‌c‌e‌n‌t‌a‌g‌e‌s o‌f t‌h‌e m‌e‌n‌t‌i‌o‌n‌e‌d a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s w‌e‌r‌e m‌a‌n‌u‌f‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e‌d i‌n t‌h‌e s‌h‌a‌p‌e o‌f s‌e‌m‌i c‌i‌r‌c‌u‌l‌a‌r s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s c‌o‌n‌t‌a‌i‌n‌i‌n‌g v‌e‌r‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l e‌d‌g‌e c‌r‌a‌c‌k‌s. T‌h‌e t‌e‌s‌t s‌a‌m‌p‌l‌e‌s w‌e‌r‌e t‌h‌e‌n l‌o‌a‌d‌e‌d m‌o‌n‌o‌t‌o‌n‌i‌c‌a‌l‌l‌y u‌s‌i‌n‌g a s‌y‌m‌m‌e‌t‌r‌i‌c t‌h‌r‌e‌e-p‌o‌i‌n‌t b‌e‌n‌d f‌i‌x‌t‌u‌r‌e a‌t a c‌o‌n‌s‌t‌a‌n‌t s‌u‌b‌z‌e‌r‌o t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e o‌f -15o‌C. T‌h‌e v‌a‌l‌u‌e o‌f m‌o‌d‌e I f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e t‌o‌u‌g‌h‌n‌e‌s‌s (K‌I‌C) w‌a‌s d‌e‌t‌e‌r‌m‌i‌n‌e‌d b‌y r‌e‌c‌o‌r‌d‌i‌n‌g t‌h‌e c‌r‌i‌t‌i‌c‌a‌l f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e l‌o‌a‌d‌s o‌f t‌e‌s‌t‌e‌d s‌p‌e‌c‌i‌m‌e‌n‌s. I‌t i‌s s‌h‌o‌w‌n t‌h‌a‌t a‌l‌l t‌h‌e i‌n‌v‌e‌s‌t‌i‌g‌a‌t‌e‌d a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s c‌a‌n i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e t‌h‌e l‌o‌w t‌e‌m‌p‌e‌r‌a‌t‌u‌r‌e f‌r‌a‌c‌t‌u‌r‌e t‌o‌u‌g‌h‌n‌e‌s‌s o‌f t‌h‌e a‌s‌p‌h‌a‌l‌t m‌i‌x‌t‌u‌r‌e, a‌n‌d m‌a‌x‌i‌m‌u‌m i‌n‌c‌r‌e‌a‌s‌e i‌n t‌h‌e v‌a‌l‌u‌e o‌f K‌I‌C o‌c‌c‌u‌r‌s w‌h‌e‌n t‌h‌e s‌a‌s‌o‌b‌i‌t a‌n‌d C‌R a‌d‌d‌i‌t‌i‌v‌e‌s a‌r‌e u‌s‌e‌d.

In addition to existing rehabilitation and maintenance treatments, new treatments must be identified to optimize maintenance and management of pavement. Preventive maintenance treatments are used to reduce pavement distress rate and improve the pavement surface. These treatments can be effective when the pavement has no structural distress, so choose of optimum preventive maintenance is difficult. In addition, choose of optimum preventive maintenance treatment is dependent on many factors that makes choosing more difficult. Identifying these factors and knowing the fact that how preventive maintenance methods affect these factors, can significantly help managers to select the best method. In this paper, these factors have been identified and models for selecting the best preventive maintenance treatment have been presented. Due to lack of measuring devices, a simple calculation method for these factors has been presented. Finally, the importance of each factor has been analyzed by Analytical Hierarchy Process and models for selecting the best preventive maintenance method have been presented.

Moisture is always considered as one of the factors causing stripping of asphalt. One of most common issues in asphalt mixtures is eradication or reduction of the effects of moisture on bituminous hot mix asphalt and the best method to achieve this is to use additives and to change the structure of asphalt aggregating. Change in the type of aggregate is due to the changing in the rate of optimized asphalt، and actually the increasing in the rate of optimized asphalt could significantly affect the reduction of water in filtration in concrete aggregate and finally reduces the moisture sensitivity. The grading used in this study is related to the gap and stone matrix asphalt. In the mixtures، due to using high amount bituminous materials، the phenomenon of drain down happens، it might decrease the thickness of bituminous around aggregate and causes water infiltration and reduces inter adhesiveness of bitumen and aggregate. Therefore، in order to fix the stone matrix asphalt mixtures، fiber or modifying polymer are used. Thermoplastic elastomers polymers are those that simultaneously have the properties of elastomer and plastomer and in this research the moisture sensitivity of improved stone matrix asphalt mixtures with two kinds of these polymers called Lucobit and WKR- 2 with deferent percentages have been studied and compared to 5% SBS in resilient modulus experiment، indirect tensile strength، Marshall stability. The result showed that by increasing these polymers percentages، the increase in resilient modulus and its ratio and the amount of ITS and TSR as well as Marshall stability and its ratio of wetness to dryness will be increased and they also showed better results in high percentages in comparison to 5% SBS.

Since road accident is one of the most important factors in fatality، and cause financial and physical damage. Therefore، safety stability is one of the fundamental aims of transportation in different countries. Allocation of annual budget for increasing safety level is one of the government activities for reducing traffic crash. Since the budget always is not enough، equilibrium between existing budget and problem is necessary. The most effective allocation should be implemented. Since traffic tool is one of the most important factors in reducing traffic crash، this research provides a model for choosing the best safety traffic tools by considering existing budget and number of accidents. One of the specifications of this model is consideration of more than one safety action، simultaneously. Finally، as a case study and for the sake of research validation، 91km of Urmia-Salmas road، in west Azerbaijan province، was modeled. The outcome of this case study was proved to be satisfactory in terms of a set of best safety tools measures.

In recent years، some by-products such as crumb rubber (CR) and reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) have been used to save money، protect the environment and extend the life of asphalt pavements. Resilient modulus is one of the most important index and property of material for predicting material reaction under repeated or moving load. Also، it is important variable in pavement design methods. In this laboratory research، influence of CR and RAP on indirect tensile strength (ITS) and resilient modulus of hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures was investigated. In this research، aggregate gradation #5 (Iran Code #234)، ambient crumb rubber (40 mesh)، three rubber content (0%، 10% and 20% bitumen weight)، four RAP content (0%، 20، 40% and 60% mix weight) and one penetration grade virgin binder (85/100) was used. The results indicated that، as the RAP content increases، ITS and resilient modulus values decreases and rutting resistance increase while، addition of CR in bitumen of mixtures leads to decrease in ITS and resilient modulus values and increase rutting resistance of mixtures.

Intelligent transportation system (ITS) is coordination of the facilities, services, communication in an integrated framework. Its aim is to provide a set of units to reduce transportation's problems. Determination of user services is the first step for developing ITS architecture. In this research the availability of user services of our country was determined by using the method of ITS in the United States of America. User's demands were collected by field study and interview with both people and experts of project. Finally, the user services and their effects on the benefits of systems are presented in the form of a service packages.

HMA is a mixture of aggregates and liquid bitumen. Aggregates that include both fine and coarse materials, stand for more than %95 of HMA mixtures by weight. The main role of aggregates in the mixture is to convey the traffic load to the layers beneath, therefore the specifications of aggregates significantly affect the mixture properties, specially rutting and stripping. In this experimental project conducted at Iran University of Science and Technology, Bitumen and Asphalt Mixture Center, two sets of specimens were made and defined. The first group of specimens was made with lime aggregate and in the second group, coarse aggregates were replaced by basalt. Comparison was done against rutting, durability, and resilient modulus and Marshal Stability tests. Results show that specimens made with %100 lime material demonstrate better performance compared to specimens containing basalt.

Different driver's perception in routing is one of motivations to different driver's routing models. Drivers routing are usually based on undeterminstic general costs of available routs which the fact of uncenteainity is the background of logit models. Independence of Irrelevant alternatives is the core of logit models which is not satisfied in multinominal logit models, therefore extended logit models have been extended to overhelming this problem. Great mathematical literature review of different logit and extended logit models have been investigated in this paper with its methodlogy and usage on unic Allsop and Charlsworth proposed network. Results of these various logit models have been obtained based on proposed procedure and there are evidences that various logit models tend to have same result in low and also high(about twice of low) demands. Between these levels of demand there are different results by each of these models. Beside proposed algorithm for different logit model's applications, the chance to recognize their effect on link volumes and use of volume-based link-cost models are the distictive effort of this paper. The main innovation of the paper came out by taking into account the intersections effects on rout costs and their delays as a cost to network's performance index.